This was my pharmacognosy presentation... Consists of importance of plants...examples of natural drugs and its uses...

1. PLANT AS A
SOURCE OF DRUG
Presented by:
NARAINO MAJIE Nabiilah
Date: 5th March 2013

2. CONTENT
 Introduction of Natural Drugs
 Growing interest in Natural Sources
 Drug Collection
 Drug Classification
 Drugs obtained from:
 Root
 Bark
 Leaves
 Flowers
 Fruits & Seeds
 Problems related with Plant Sources

3. INTRODUCTION
 Oldest source of Drug
• Home remedies
• Religious significance
• Pure compounds easily obtained
• Structural modification to produce
potentially more active and safer drugs
• Economical

4. WHY IS THERE A GROWING
INTEREST IN NATURAL
SOURCES?
 Efficient compared to conventional
diseases
 No side effects
 Harmless
 Drugs against Anti-HIV and Anti-
Tumour activity are from plant origin
 Due to technological, economic,
cultural and social trends.

5. DRUG COLLECTION
Proper time of collection is very
important to obtain a drug of good
quality. It depends on the following:
 Time of the year
 Time of the day
 Stage of maturity and age

6. DRUG CLASSIFICATION
Classifications can be based on:
 Chemical nature
 Therapeutic value of the plant product
 Natural affinities of the various
species
 Morphology of the plant organ from
which the drug is obtained

7. 1-ROOT
 Aconite obtained from the plant
Aconitum napellus. It is used
externally for neuralgia and arthritis,
and internally to relieve fever and
pain.

8.  Licorice obtained from the plant,
Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is used as a
demulcent and expectorant and to
disguise the flavor of medicinal
preparations.

9.  Rhubarb obtained from the plant
Rheum officinale and R. palmatum. It
is used as a tonic and laxative and for
indigestion.

10. 2-BARK
 Quinine obtained from Chinchona
calisaya, C. officinalis, C. ledgeriana
and C. succccirubra. It is used as the
only adequate cure for malaria.

11.  Slippery Elm obtained from Ulmus
rubra. It is used for its soothing effect on
inflamed tissues, either in the crude
state or in the form of lozenges.

12. 3-LEAVES
 Belladonna is obtained from Atropa
belladonna. Belladonna is used
externally to relieve pain and internally
to cure excessive perspiration and
coughs.

13.  Cocaine is obtained from Erythroxylon
coca. It is used as a local anesthetic
and as a tonic for digestion and
treatment of nervous conditions. It is
addictive when used habitually.

14.  Digitalis is obtained from Digitalis
purpurea. Its action improves the tone
and rhythm of the heart beats thereby
making contractions more powerful
and complete.

15. 4-FLOWERS
 Chamomile is obtained from Matricaria
chamomilla. The dried flower heads
contain an essential oil infusions
which are used as tonics and gastric
stimulants.

16.  Hops is obtained from Humulus
lupulus. Hops are used in medicine for
their sedative and soporific properties
and also as a tonic.

17. 5-FRUITS & SEEDS
 Opium is obtained from Papaver
somniferum. Due to the narcotic and
sedative action opium and its
derivatives are used to relieve pain,
relax spasms and induce sleep.

18.  Nux Vomica is drug obtained from the
seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It is
used as a tonic and stimulant;
strychnine, an alkaloid of its ripe seed,
is used in small doses to treat nervous
disorders and paralysis.

19. PROBLEM RELATED WITH
PLANT SOURCES
• Identification of plant
• Climatic and social conditions of area
• Season of collection
• Condition of storage
• Standardization of active principle
• Purity of active ingredient
• Maintenance of supply line

20. CONCLUSION
 Plants have provided humans with many
of their essential needs, including life-
saving pharmaceutical agents.
 Recently the World Health Organization
estimated that 80% people worldwide
rely on herbal medicines.
 Many developing countries have
intensified their efforts in documenting
the ethnomedical data and scientific
research on medicinal plants.

21. REFERENCES
 http://ns.bdnews24.com/blog/en/index.
php/md-nasir-ahmed/1038
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl
es/PMC2658564/
 http://howmed.net/pharmacology/sour
ces-of-drugs/
 http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/b
otany/medicine.htm