2. Can take the place
of a pair of commas,
brackets, colons,
and semicolons
Spans, ranges,
direction, conflict
In chapters 8–12
From 2008–2014
Mumbai–Delhi railway
BJP–Congress debate
Joins separate
words into a single
word
lunch is free for all
free-for-all lunch
lunch is a free-for-all
3. Sentences with 1 em-dash
There are many things I love about SocialCops: the
blogs, the email newsletters and the grammar TOTs.
Replacing a colon
There are many things I love about SocialCops — the
blogs, the email newsletters and the grammar TOTs.
4. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Replacing a colon
I have three favorite foods — eggs, eggs and eggs.
a complete sentence a list
5. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Replacing a colon
There’s one thing I hate about work — the quiet.
a complete sentence single-item list
6. Sentences with 1 em-dash
SocialCops really knows how to party; we call it
Friday Demos.
Replacing a semicolon
(joins two sentences of equal significance)
(joins two sentences to show a connection between them)
SocialCops really knows how to party — we call it
Friday Demos.
7. Sentences with 1 em-dash
We love data — it’s our passion and best friend.
a complete sentence
Replacing a semicolon
(joins two sentences of equal significance)
(joins two sentences to show a connection between them)
a complete sentence
8. Sentences with 1 em-dash
[A complete sentence goes here] — [this can be a
single-item list, multi-item list or another complete
sentence].
The general rule
9. Sentences with 1 em-dash
This is what brought me to SocialCops — the demos, the
awesome tech and captains ball.
The demos, the awesome tech and captains ball — this
is what brought me to SocialCops.
Pro tip
Invert your list with an em-dash for emphasis.
(You can’t do this with a colon!)
10. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
I think Viz might make it easier for you to do what you
do every day — and tell great data stories.
11. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
I think Viz might make it easier for you to do what you
do every day — and tell great data stories.
I think Viz might make it easier for you to do what you
do every day — tell great data stories.
↓
12. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
I think Viz is the most powerful tool on the market
because of its sophisticated features — maps at every
level, beautiful templates, simple customization and
easy embeds.
13. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
I think Viz is the most powerful tool on the market
because of its sophisticated features — maps at every
level, beautiful templates, simple customization and
easy embeds.
No problems!
↑
14. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
After 1800 cups of coffee, 80 all-nighters and 50,000
lines of code, we are ready for the launch of Viz 2.0 —
with a lot of cool and powerful features.
15. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Examples
After 1800 cups of coffee, 80 all-nighters and 50,000
lines of code, we are ready for the launch of Viz 2.0 —
with a lot of cool and powerful features.
Doesn’t work. The author likely added this because they
wanted to put a comma, but they thought there were too
many commas already.
↑
16. Spans, ranges,
direction, conflict
In chapters 8–12
From 2008–2014
Mumbai–Delhi railway
BJP–Congress debate
Joins separate
words into a single
word
lunch is free for all
free-for-all lunch
lunch is a free-for-all
Can take the
place of a pair of
commas,
brackets, colons,
and semicolons
An em-dash
is not a
comma
17. Sentences with 1 em-dash
Break up the sentence or simplify it:
1800 cups of coffee, 80 all-nighters and 50,000 lines of
code later, we are ready to launch Viz 2.0 with lots of
cool and powerful features.
or
In the last four months, we drank 1800 cups of coffee,
pulled 80 all-nighters and wrote 50,000 lines of code.
Now we are ready for the launch of Viz 2.0, with a lot of
cool and powerful features.
18. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Replacing brackets or commas
Collect, a mobile data collection tool, is used by 140
partners around the world.
Collect (a mobile data collection tool) is used by 140
partners around the world.
Collect — a mobile data collection tool — is used by
140 partners around the world.
19. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Replacing brackets or commas
Collect — a mobile data collection tool — is used by
140 partners around the world.
Collect is used by 140 partners around the world.
What’s outside the em-dashes
must make sense on its own.
20. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Replacing brackets or commas
Collect is a mobile data collection tool — used by
BMGF, Tata Trusts, Unilever and Goonj — most of
whom joined last year.
21. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Replacing brackets or commas
Collect is a mobile data collection tool — used by
BMGF, Tata Trusts, Unilever and Goonj — most of
whom joined last year.
Collect is a mobile data collection tool most of whom
joined last year.
Not correct!
↑
22. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Replacing brackets or commas
Collect is a mobile data collection tool — used by
BMGF, Tata Trusts, Unilever and Goonj — most of
whom joined last year.
Collect is a mobile data collection tool used by
BMGF, Tata Trusts, Unilever and Goonj, most of
whom joined last year.
↓
23. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Example
I know you’re super busy — not sure if you’ve had a
chance to check out Viz — the easiest way to build
maps.
24. Sentences with 2 em-dashes
Example
I know you’re super busy — not sure if you’ve had a
chance to check out Viz — the easiest way to build
maps.
I know you’re super busy. I’m not sure if you’ve had a
chance to check out Viz, the easiest way to build
maps.
↓
