2. Abraham Maslow:
• Abraham Maslow between
1943-1954 developed his
'Hierarchy of needs'
motivation theory
• It is probably the most
popular and most read
motivation theory.
3. Maslow’s Theory:
“We each have a hierarchy of needs that ranges from "lower"
to "higher." As lower needs are fulfilled there is a tendency for
other, higher needs to emerge.”
4. Maslow’s Theory:
Maslow’s theory maintains that a person does
not feel a higher need until the needs of the
current level have been satisfied. Maslow's
basic needs are as follows:
7. The Physiological Needs
• Basic needs such as hunger, thirst, warmth, air, and so on.
• They may include various sensory pleasures as touch, hearing, tasting,
smelling, under certain circumstances.
• If these needs are unsatisfied, all other needs may become
nonexistent or be pushed into the background
9. The Safety Needs:
• These include such things as shelter from the elements, feeling secure
from attack, freedom from disorder, fear and anxiety.
• Individuals being motivated at this level often seek out a protector, or
stronger people on whom they depend.
11. The Love
Needs
• These needs concern the desire to affiliate with others, be
accepted, and to belong.
• The lack of fulfillment of these needs is the most core cause of
cases of maladjustment and many other psychological problems.
• Love needs involve both giving and receiving. Feeling accepted
and wanted.
13. The Esteem & Respect Needs:
• These include such things as the
need to achieve, feel
competent, and gain approval
and recognition. Recognition by
others of competence and
accomplishments.
• Satisfaction of these needs leads
to feelings of self-confidence,
worth, strength, and capability.
• Thwarting these needs produces
feelings of inferiority, weakness,
and helplessness.
15. Self-Actualization:
• These refer to the need to find self-fulfillment and
realize one’s unique potential.
• This stage usually not accomplished during adolescence.
• One becomes more wise and automatically knows
what to do in a wide variety of situations.
• We test ourselves for its own sake, to prove our worth to
ourselves and to show we can “still do it”. Taking risks is
another phrase for that.
16. Self-Actualization:
• The only reason that people would not move through the needs to self-
actualization is because of the hindrances placed in their way by society.
Example:
• Education is often a hindrance with imposed ideas of the culture.
• On the other hand respectful teaching promotes personal growth.
17. Characteristics of Self – Actualized People
• Acceptance and Realism:
• realistic perceptions of themselves, others and the world around them.
• Problem – centring:
• concerned with solving problems outside of themselves, including helping
others and finding solutions to problems in the external world. These
people are often motivated by a sense of personal responsibility and ethics.
• Spontaneity:
• spontaneous in their internal thoughts and outward behavior. While they
can conform to rules and social expectations, they also tend to be open and
unconventional.
18. • Autonomy and Solitude:
• independence and privacy. While they enjoy the company of others, these
individuals need time to focus on developing their own individual potential.
• Continued Freshness of Appreciation:
• they tend to view the world with a continual sense of appreciation, wonder and
awe. Even simple experiences continue to be a source of inspiration and
pleasure.
