This is the ppt of CNC turning with Fanuc system.It helps you to encourage your CNC programming skills,also in this ppt some theory of CNC turning are available which helps you to do the programming in the proper way.Here some points are given below to do the programming in the fanuc control CNC.
1 . How to make the turning job?
2. How to make the programming of fillet and chamfer in the different ways.
3. How to use the TNRC codes G41 and G42.
4. How to use the different tools in the different-different operations.
The all above points are very important and these points are available in this ppt.
3. 1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION
Ways of TurningWays of Turning
Parts of CNC MachineParts of CNC Machine
Working Methods of CNCWorking Methods of CNC
4. Ways of TurningWays of Turning
Conventional or TraditionalConventional or Traditional
Numerical Control (NC)Numerical Control (NC)
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
5. Difficulties with Conventional SystemDifficulties with Conventional System
Complex shapes are difficult to machineComplex shapes are difficult to machine
Depends on the human skillDepends on the human skill
Frequent & repeated measurements are requiredFrequent & repeated measurements are required
Difficult to achieve consistency in product qualityDifficult to achieve consistency in product quality
High Changeover TimeHigh Changeover Time
Less productive hoursLess productive hours
More scrap is generatedMore scrap is generated
6. Current Market DemandCurrent Market Demand
High quality productsHigh quality products
atat Lowest costLowest cost
inin Minimum timeMinimum time
withwith wide range of varietywide range of variety
Answer to the above is NC System
7. Parts of NC/CNC MachineParts of NC/CNC Machine
Programming UnitProgramming Unit
Machine Control UnitMachine Control Unit
Machine Tool UnitMachine Tool Unit
NCNC
CNCCNC
8. Programming UnitProgramming Unit
ProgrammerProgrammer
Computer systemComputer system
User Interface deviceUser Interface device
Data Storage and Transfer facilityData Storage and Transfer facility
9. Machine Control UnitMachine Control Unit
Tape ReaderTape Reader
Data BufferData Buffer
Signal Output Channels to Machine ToolSignal Output Channels to Machine Tool
Feedback channels from the Machine ToolFeedback channels from the Machine Tool
10. Machine ToolMachine Tool
StructureStructure
Extra RigidExtra Rigid
Easy chip disposal System, eg: Use of Slant BedEasy chip disposal System, eg: Use of Slant Bed
Thermal ResistantThermal Resistant
DrivesDrives
AC Induction motorsAC Induction motors
DC motorsDC motors
11. Machine ToolMachine Tool
Actuation SystemActuation System
Stepper motor/servomotorStepper motor/servomotor
Ball Screw & nut with support bearingBall Screw & nut with support bearing
Feed back devices on closed loop systemFeed back devices on closed loop system
Linear BearingLinear Bearing
Tool & Work handling DevicesTool & Work handling Devices
Automatic Tool Changers (ATCs)Automatic Tool Changers (ATCs)
Turret HeadTurret Head
Automatic Pallet ChangersAutomatic Pallet Changers
Hydraulic/Pneumatic Tool/Work Clamping SystemHydraulic/Pneumatic Tool/Work Clamping System
12. 2. Fundamental Principles2. Fundamental Principles
Coordinate SystemCoordinate System
Longitudinal MotionLongitudinal Motion
Transverse MotionTransverse Motion
Dimensioning SystemDimensioning System
AbsoluteAbsolute
IncrementalIncremental
MixedMixed
Reference SystemReference System
Machine ReferenceMachine Reference
Work ReferenceWork Reference
13. Instruction or programInstruction or program
IntroductionIntroduction
N 10N 10 G 00G 00 X 50.0X 50.0 Z 25.0 ;Z 25.0 ; Block
Block No. Words End of Block
G 00
Address
Data
14. Layout of a CNC ProgramLayout of a CNC Program
[BILLET X 25.0 Z 60.0; [Size of raw Material[BILLET X 25.0 Z 60.0; [Size of raw Material
G99 G21 S500 M13;G99 G21 S500 M13; [ Setting Cutting Condition[ Setting Cutting Condition
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0; [ Ref. Point Return[ Ref. Point Return
M06 T0101;M06 T0101; [ Tool Call[ Tool Call
G00 X 25.0 Z 2.0;G00 X 25.0 Z 2.0; [Positioning[Positioning
………… [ Path Definition[ Path Definition
………… or Cycle Utilityor Cycle Utility
or Subroutine Utilityor Subroutine Utility
G28 U 0 W0;G28 U 0 W0; [ Return to Ref. Point[ Return to Ref. Point
M30;M30; [ End of Program[ End of Program
Header
Body
End
15. Linear Path FunctionLinear Path Function
G00G00 Rapid Linear MovementRapid Linear Movement
G01G01 Linear Movement withLinear Movement with
Programmed Feed RateProgrammed Feed Rate
Writing FormatWriting Format
G00G00 X 50.0 Z2.0;X 50.0 Z2.0;
G01 X 50.0 Z2.0 F0.1;G01 X 50.0 Z2.0 F0.1;
20. Various Important AddressesVarious Important Addresses
O: Used to represent program numberO: Used to represent program number
N: Used to represent Block NumberN: Used to represent Block Number
G: Are known as preparatory codes, used to prepare the machineG: Are known as preparatory codes, used to prepare the machine
for a particular function.for a particular function.
X, Y, Z : Represents Absolute coordinatesX, Y, Z : Represents Absolute coordinates
U, V, W: Represents Incremental coordinatesU, V, W: Represents Incremental coordinates
I, J, K: Specifies coordinate of centre of arcI, J, K: Specifies coordinate of centre of arc
R: Represents radius of arcR: Represents radius of arc
S: Represents Spindle SpeedS: Represents Spindle Speed
T: Specifies Tool NumberT: Specifies Tool Number
M: Miscellaneous FunctionsM: Miscellaneous Functions
P, Q: Used to represent start & end block number in a subroutineP, Q: Used to represent start & end block number in a subroutine
cycle.cycle.
F: Represents FeedF: Represents Feed
21. G71 (Turning Cycle)G71 (Turning Cycle)
Writing Format
G71 U1.0 R1.0;
G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W 0.5 F0.25;
N10 G00 X…..;
…….
…….
…….
N20 ……..;
G70 P10 Q20 F0.15;
1st
Line of G71:
U – Specifies the depth of cut in each pass
R – Retract amount after every pass
2nd
Line of G71:
P – Specifies the start block number
Q – Specifies the end block number
U – Specifies the finishing allowance in X
W – Specifies the finishing allowance in Z
G70 – Finishing Pass
25. G- CodesG- Codes
G28: Return to Machine Reference PointG28: Return to Machine Reference Point
Writing Format: G28 U0 W0;Writing Format: G28 U0 W0;
G20: Programming in InchesG20: Programming in Inches
G21: Programming in Metric (mm)G21: Programming in Metric (mm)
26. M-CodesM-Codes
M00: Program Stop, starts again when cycle start is pressedM00: Program Stop, starts again when cycle start is pressed
M01: Optional StopM01: Optional Stop
M02: Program ResetM02: Program Reset
M30: Program Reset & RewindM30: Program Reset & Rewind
M03: Spindle Start in Clockwise DirectionM03: Spindle Start in Clockwise Direction
M04: Spindle Start in Anti Clockwise DirectionM04: Spindle Start in Anti Clockwise Direction
M05: Spindle StopM05: Spindle Stop
M06: Command Tool ChangeM06: Command Tool Change
M07/M08: Coolant ONM07/M08: Coolant ON
M09: Coolant OFFM09: Coolant OFF
M10: Chuck OpenM10: Chuck Open
M11: Chuck CloseM11: Chuck Close
M13: Spindle ON (CW) & Coolant onM13: Spindle ON (CW) & Coolant on
M14: Spindle ON (CCW) & Coolant onM14: Spindle ON (CCW) & Coolant on
M25: Tailstock Quill ExtendM25: Tailstock Quill Extend
M26: Tailstock Quill RetractM26: Tailstock Quill Retract
M98: Subprogram CallM98: Subprogram Call
M99: Return to Main ProgramM99: Return to Main Program
27. G72 (Facing Cycle)G72 (Facing Cycle)
Writing Format
G72 W1.0 R1.0;
G72 P10 Q20 U0.5 W 0.5 F0.25;
N10 G00 X…..;
…….
…….
N20 ……..;
G70 P10 Q20 F0.15;
1st
Line of G72:
W – Specifies the depth of cut in each pass
(in Z Direction)
R – Retract amount after every pass
2nd
Line of G71:
P – Specifies the start block number
Q – Specifies the end block number
U – Specifies the finishing allowance in X
W – Specifies the finishing allowance in Z
G70 – Finishing Pass
29. Tool OffsetTool Offset
The Distance traveled by the tool cutting edge from the machineThe Distance traveled by the tool cutting edge from the machine
reference point to the work reference point in a particular axis isreference point to the work reference point in a particular axis is
termed as “Tool Offset”. For turning tool offset is measured intermed as “Tool Offset”. For turning tool offset is measured in
both the directions i.e. ‘X’ & ‘Z’.both the directions i.e. ‘X’ & ‘Z’.
30. Modal & Non Modal G-CodesModal & Non Modal G-Codes
The G-Codes whose effect continue in theThe G-Codes whose effect continue in the
program once specified until it is cancelled orprogram once specified until it is cancelled or
overridden by another code are known asoverridden by another code are known as
“MODAL”. Eg: G00, G01, G02, G03 etc.“MODAL”. Eg: G00, G01, G02, G03 etc.
The G-Codes whose effect only in the block whereThe G-Codes whose effect only in the block where
it is defined are known as Non-Modal Codes. Eg:it is defined are known as Non-Modal Codes. Eg:
G04G04
31. Groups of G-Codes
Group ‘0’ : G04, G10, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31
G50, G65, G72, G73, G74, G75, G76
Group ‘1’ : G00, G01, G02, G03, G90, G92, G94
Group ‘2’ : G66, G67, G96, G97
Group ‘4’ : G70, G71
Group ‘6’ : G20, G21
Group ‘7’ : G40, G41, G42
Group ’11’ : G98, G99
The G-Codes are grouped under various groups.The G-Codes are grouped under various groups.
Each group contains similar kind of codes and theirEach group contains similar kind of codes and their
effect can only be overcome/nullified by the use ofeffect can only be overcome/nullified by the use of
another code of same group.another code of same group.
34. Different Modes of MachiningDifferent Modes of Machining
Reference Mode or Home ModeReference Mode or Home Mode
Tasks: Returns the turret to the machine reference/home pointTasks: Returns the turret to the machine reference/home point
Manual or Jog ModeManual or Jog Mode
Continuous JogContinuous Jog
Incremental JogIncremental Jog
Hand wheel JogHand wheel Jog
Tasks: Move the Axes, Start & stop spindle rotation at aTasks: Move the Axes, Start & stop spindle rotation at a
predefined speed, Coolant On & Off, Turret indexing inpredefined speed, Coolant On & Off, Turret indexing in
machine defined default direction one station on push ofmachine defined default direction one station on push of
button.button.
35. Different Modes of MachiningDifferent Modes of Machining
Manual Data Input (MDI) ModeManual Data Input (MDI) Mode
Tasks: Single or few line simple program can beTasks: Single or few line simple program can be
written temporarily and executed only once. Afterwritten temporarily and executed only once. After
executing the written lines of program are deleted fromexecuting the written lines of program are deleted from
the machine memory.the machine memory.
Auto ModeAuto Mode
Continuous AutoContinuous Auto
Runs the complete program from beginning to the endRuns the complete program from beginning to the end
once the cycle start button is pressed.once the cycle start button is pressed.
Single AutoSingle Auto
Runs the program block by block i.e. only one block ofRuns the program block by block i.e. only one block of
the program is executed by pressing the cycle startthe program is executed by pressing the cycle start
button once.button once.
36. Feed (Method Selection)Feed (Method Selection)
1.1. mm/minutemm/minute
2.2. mm/revolutionmm/revolution
During Lathe working the feed of the tool can be defined by twoDuring Lathe working the feed of the tool can be defined by two
different Methods.different Methods.
While programming on CNC Machine the feed methods can beWhile programming on CNC Machine the feed methods can be
selected by:selected by:
1.1. mm/minutemm/minute :: G98G98
2.2. mm/revolutionmm/revolution :: G99G99
41. Use of G96, G97 & G50Use of G96, G97 & G50
While Programming for CNC TurningWhile Programming for CNC Turning
(Fanuc)(Fanuc)
42. Meaning of G96, G97 & G50Meaning of G96, G97 & G50
SignificanceSignificance
Writing FormatWriting Format
When to useWhen to use
43. MeaningMeaning
G96: Specifies constant cutting speed (m/min)G96: Specifies constant cutting speed (m/min)
G97: Specifies constant spindle RPMG97: Specifies constant spindle RPM
G50: Limits the maximum Spindle SpeedG50: Limits the maximum Spindle Speed
44. Cutting Speed & RPMCutting Speed & RPM
Cutting Speed: It is defined as the speed with which theCutting Speed: It is defined as the speed with which the
periphery of workpiece passes over the cutting edge ofperiphery of workpiece passes over the cutting edge of
the tool. Its unit is m/min. It depends on followingthe tool. Its unit is m/min. It depends on following
quantities:quantities:
Material of WorkpieceMaterial of Workpiece
Material of cutting toolMaterial of cutting tool
RPM: It is the speed with which the spindle is rotating.RPM: It is the speed with which the spindle is rotating.
Its unit is revolutions per minute.Its unit is revolutions per minute.
The Cutting Speed & RPM are related by the followingThe Cutting Speed & RPM are related by the following
formula:formula:
V =V = ππDN/1000,DN/1000,
where V is Cutting Speed, D is Diameter of Job, Nwhere V is Cutting Speed, D is Diameter of Job, N
is RPM.is RPM.
45. SignificanceSignificance
G96 enables the machine to vary the spindle RPM withG96 enables the machine to vary the spindle RPM with
varying diameter which results in:varying diameter which results in:
Good Surface FinishGood Surface Finish
Reduced cycle timeReduced cycle time
Improved tool lifeImproved tool life
G50: Must be used with G96 to limit the maximumG50: Must be used with G96 to limit the maximum
spindle speed to prevent the extreme cases.spindle speed to prevent the extreme cases.
G97 enables the machine to work with constant RPM:G97 enables the machine to work with constant RPM:
In some cases it is desired to have constant RPMIn some cases it is desired to have constant RPM
46. Writing FormatWriting Format
Constant Cutting SpeedConstant Cutting Speed
G50G50 S4000S4000; (here; (here SS represent Limit for maximum spindlerepresent Limit for maximum spindle
speed)speed)
G96G96 S100S100 M03; (hereM03; (here SS represents the Cutting Speed definedrepresents the Cutting Speed defined
in m/min)in m/min)
Constant Spindle SpeedConstant Spindle Speed
G97G97 S2500S2500 M03; (hereM03; (here SS represents constant Spindle Speed)represents constant Spindle Speed)
47. When to useWhen to use
G96G96
Turning & FacingTurning & Facing
BoringBoring
GroovingGrooving
PartingParting
G97G97
ThreadingThreading
DrillingDrilling
49. Grooving Cycle (G75)Grooving Cycle (G75)
[BILLET X25.0 Z60.0;[BILLET X25.0 Z60.0;
G99 G21 G40 S500 M13;G99 G21 G40 S500 M13;
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2500;G50 S2500;
M06 T0505;M06 T0505;
G00 X27.0 Z1.0;G00 X27.0 Z1.0;
G01 Z-10.0 F0.2;G01 Z-10.0 F0.2;
G75G75 R1.0R1.0;;
G75 X20.0G75 X20.0 Z-40.0Z-40.0 P2000P2000 Q15000Q15000 F0.02;F0.02;
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0;
M30;M30;
P: Depth of Cut in X-AxisP: Depth of Cut in X-Axis
Q: Distance Between two consecutive groove in Z-axisQ: Distance Between two consecutive groove in Z-axis
R: Retraction after each depth of cutR: Retraction after each depth of cut
Z: Total distance in Z-axis for groovingZ: Total distance in Z-axis for grooving
52. Requirements for ThreadingRequirements for Threading
Select Proper Cutting Tool: Angle & Shape ofSelect Proper Cutting Tool: Angle & Shape of
cutting tool should be same as that of the cross-cutting tool should be same as that of the cross-
section of thread.section of thread.
Make Chamfer prior to threading: At the start ofMake Chamfer prior to threading: At the start of
thread.thread.
Make Groove prior to threading: At the end ofMake Groove prior to threading: At the end of
thread.thread.
54. Threading Cycle (G76)Threading Cycle (G76)
[BILLET X50.0 Z60.0;[BILLET X50.0 Z60.0;
G99 G21 G40;G99 G21 G40;
S500 M13;S500 M13;
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0;
M06 T0101;M06 T0101;
G00 X51.0 Z2.0;G00 X51.0 Z2.0;
G71 U1.5 R0.5;G71 U1.5 R0.5;
G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W0.5 F0.15;G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W0.5 F0.15;
N10 G01 X20.0 ;N10 G01 X20.0 ;
G01 X24.0 Z-2.0;G01 X24.0 Z-2.0;
N20 X24.0 Z-42.0;N20 X24.0 Z-42.0;
G70 P10 Q20;G70 P10 Q20;
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0;
M06 T0606;M06 T0606;
G00 X24.5 Z2.0;G00 X24.5 Z2.0;
G76 P031560 Q50 R0.15;G76 P031560 Q50 R0.15;
G76 X20.319 Z-38.0 P1840 Q150 F3.0;G76 X20.319 Z-38.0 P1840 Q150 F3.0;
G28 U0 W0;G28 U0 W0;
M30;M30;
1ST
Line of G76:
Pxxyyzz:
xx: No. finishing Passes
yy: Chamfering amount at the end of thread
zz: Angle of tool tip (in deg)
Q….: Minimum depth of cut in each pass (in micron)
R….: Finishing allowance (in mm)
2nd
Line of G76:
X…..: Core diameter of thread (mm)
Z….: Length of thread (mm)
P….: Height of thread (in micron)
Q…..: Depth of cut in first pass (in micron)
F….. : Pitch of thread (in mm)
55. Sub Program (M98 & M99)Sub Program (M98 & M99)
It is a program that is written once and can beIt is a program that is written once and can be
called as many times as it is desired in any othercalled as many times as it is desired in any other
main/sub program.main/sub program.
Auxiliary functions used:Auxiliary functions used:
M98: Jump to sub programM98: Jump to sub program
M99: Return to main program/End of subprogramM99: Return to main program/End of subprogram
PP24002400 – Name of Sub program– Name of Sub program
56. Sub Program (M98 & M99)Sub Program (M98 & M99)
Operating Limits or rules:Operating Limits or rules:
The name of a sub program can be maximum of 4The name of a sub program can be maximum of 4
digit number (only numeric names can be sensed)digit number (only numeric names can be sensed)
Sub program should not be written within the mainSub program should not be written within the main
programprogram
Sub program should not carry headers like [BILLETSub program should not carry headers like [BILLET
The name & number of subprogram need to same.The name & number of subprogram need to same.
The subprogram should not contain “M30” at theThe subprogram should not contain “M30” at the
end.end.
One subprogram can be called in other subprogram.One subprogram can be called in other subprogram.
60. Specifying TNRCSpecifying TNRC
Decide the Direction of TNRCDecide the Direction of TNRC
G41 (Left)/G42 (Right)G41 (Left)/G42 (Right) : Program: Program
Decide the Amount of TNRCDecide the Amount of TNRC
Value of Tool Nose RadiusValue of Tool Nose Radius : Tool Offset Page: Tool Offset Page
Decide the Imaginary Tool Nose Position (Tool Type)Decide the Imaginary Tool Nose Position (Tool Type)
:: Tool Offset PageTool Offset Page
Cancel the TNRC (G40)Cancel the TNRC (G40) : Program: Program
67. How to specify in machineHow to specify in machine
Go to Tool Offset PageGo to Tool Offset Page
Choose the Offset Number for the given toolChoose the Offset Number for the given tool
SlSl X-offsetX-offset Z-offsetZ-offset RR TT
11 ……………….... ……………….... 0.80.8 33
In R-Column specify the tool nose radiusIn R-Column specify the tool nose radius
In T-Column specify the Tool Type which ever is applicable from 1toIn T-Column specify the Tool Type which ever is applicable from 1to
8 No.8 No.
69. Important G- CodesImportant G- Codes
G00G00 Rapid Linear MovementRapid Linear Movement G00 X…. Z….G00 X…. Z…. Used for airUsed for air
movements onlymovements only
G01G01 Linear Interpolation withLinear Interpolation with
Program defined feedProgram defined feed
G01 X …. Z …. F….G01 X …. Z …. F…. Used for metalUsed for metal
cuttingcutting
G02G02 Circular InterpolationCircular Interpolation
Clock Wise (CW) DirectionClock Wise (CW) Direction
G02 X… Z... R… F…G02 X… Z... R… F… Used for metalUsed for metal
cuttingcutting
G03G03 Circular InterpolationCircular Interpolation
Counter Clock WiseCounter Clock Wise
(CCW) Direction(CCW) Direction
G03 X… Z... R… F…G03 X… Z... R… F… Used for metalUsed for metal
cuttingcutting