prescription types parts and importance of prescription. legal importance

1. Good morning
Nesnal Niraula
B.pharmacy
sunsari technical college
Dharan ,Nepal
PRESCRIPTION

2. Contents
Introduction
Parts
Importance
Types
Prescription error
Minimization of prescription errors
Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Prescription is a written order by a
registered physician directing the
pharmacist to prepare or dispense
pharmacological agents or medications for
the diagnosis ,prevention or treatment of
disease.
• It is clinical as well as legal document.

4. Contd.
Prescription plays a role of communication
between
Physician
Pharmacist and
Patient

5. Contd.
• It not only contains name of medicines but
also
• Dietary advice
• Investigation
• Surgical advice
• etc.

6. • Derived from two latin words:
• Prae means- before
• Scribe means- to write

7. Parts of prescription
• Practitioners and pharmacy's information
• Personal identifications
• History
• Examination of patient
• Investigation
• Diagnosis
• Superscription

8. Contd.
• Inscription
• Subscription
• Sig. or label
• Signature

9. Practitioner's and pharmacy's
information
• Name and address of pharmacy
• TelePhone number
• Practitioners name and qualification
• Time of practitioner on the pharmacy
• Date of check up

10. Personal identifications
• Name
• Age
• Sex
• Address
• Marital status
• Occupation
• Religion

11. History
• Chief complains
• History of presenting illness
• Family history
• Personal history
• Socio economic history
• Menstrural history
• Drug allergy

12. Examination of patient
General examination Systemic examination
Appearance Inspection
Height and weight Palpation
Vital signs Percussion
J.A.L.C.C.O.D Auscultation

13. Investigation
• Required tests and examination
• Results from tests
• Eg.. X-ray , serological examinations,
• FBS, PPBS etc

14. Diagnosis
•Differential diagnosis: diagnosis
without the report of lab examinations
•Confirmed diagnosis: diagnosis after
studying the overall lab examinations like
video x-ray,CT scan ,endoscopy

15. Superscription
• Sign of jupiter(god of healing)
• R and J of the sign indicate:
• R-receive or thou take
• J-Jupiter
• Meaning:- I am giving this medication with the
.. witness of god

16. Inscription
• Most important part of prescription,also known as
body of prescription.
• Name, strength, and dosage form of drug is
indicated
• Eg. Cap. Amoxycilin 500mg
• Tab. Paracetamol 500mg

17. Subscription
• Instructions to the patient is included
• When to take?
• How to take?
• How much to take?
• When to follow up?
• Eg. 10 ml bd
• proper way of storage, health tips, dietary advice,
surgical advice, etc.

18. Sig. or label
• It is the part necessary in case extempora -
neous compounding is to be done.
• Eg. Calamine lotion- 50ml.
• 0.9%sodium chloride- 100ml
• Master formula is also provided.

19. Signatura
• Refill and special instruction (if required).
• Signature of RMP/prescriber with his/her approved
registration number and the date of treatment.
• This part is of legal importance.

20. Importance of prescription
• Clinical importance
• Socio-economic importance
• Legal importance

21. Clinical importance
• Identification of exact medication.
• Gives idea of proper way, route and time of
administration.
• Provides precautions on specific conditions.
• Strengthen the relation between physician, patient,
and ppharmacist.
• Increase patient compliance as it provides dietary and
surgical advices

22. Socioeconomic importance
• Rational use of medicine
• Effective utilization of drugs i.e.Controls drug
abuse.
• Rapid improvement in patients health
• Control of resistance of drugs to some extent
• saves economy by solving health related problems
reduces polypharmacy practice

23. Legal importance
• Unregistered medical practitioners and pharmacies
can be checked and controlled.
• Ideal prescription acts as legal document for the
future reference.
• Use or narcotics ,steroid hormones,and
Unregistered drugs can be checked.

24. Types of prescription
• Based on compounding of drug
•Precompounding prescription
•Extemporaneous prescription
• Based on the place of prescribing
•Blank prescription
•Fascimile prescription
•NHS prescription

25. Precompounding prescription
• Prescription for already prepared drug by
pharmaceutical company.
• Eg.Cap.ciprofloxacin -500mg

26. Extemporaneous prescription
• The pharmacist prepare the medication according
to drugs and dosages as indicated in the
prescription,, by the physician.

27. Blank prescription
• Used in confidential matters.
• They cannot be transported out of the hospital
premises.
• Nothing is written over it except the prescribed
medicine and signature of RMP.

28. Fascimile prescription
• Prescription prepared by fax.
• Required to be approved for their legal
reference.

29. NHS prescription
• National Health Service prescription.
• Prepared in hospitals, health posts, and PHCs free
of cost.
• Its use is high in Health insurance programme

30. Prescription errors
• These are the errors in writing and evaluating
of prescription that are likely to occur by
ignorance, or any barrier in communication.
• They are preventable events and could result
in inappropriate therapy or harm to patient.

31. Steps in which error occur
•Prescribing
•Interpreting
•Dispensing
•Administering
•They are a type of medication error.

32. Reasons of error occurance
•Unclear handwriting
•Use of trade names
•Use of uncommon abbreviations
• Lack of rechecking
•Unmentioned date and NMC no.
•Lack of proper handling techniques

33. Minimization of prescription .
. error
• Avoid use of trade names in prescription.
• Write prescription slowly including all
facts.
• Write with clear handwriting or use
electrically generated prescription.

34. Contd..
•Manage organized workplace.
•Be aware of look alike and sound alike
drugs.
•Extra care should be given with zeros
and abbreviations
•Reduce distraction as possible

35. Contd..
•Prescription should be checked
thoroughly at last.
•Pharmacists should be aware of
handling and counselling techniques.

36. Conclusion
• Prescription is indispensable part of pharmacy
practise.
• It is patient's right to get authorized and
registered prescription along with treatment.
• Prescription should be simple clear and
confusion free.
• Prescription is not only the clinical document
but also legal document.

37. Any question?

38. THE END