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Sprinkler system
1. Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Naval Architecture
And Marine Engineering
Search for:
Under supervision of;
PROF.Dr.AHMED SHAHER SABIT
PROF.DR.ADEL BANAWAN
Presented from:
Mohammed Taha Ahmed Mohammed
Fourth year No, 38
2. Seminar contentsSeminar contents
--PrefacePreface..
--Chapter one : Sprinkler systemChapter one : Sprinkler system..
--Chapter two : Multi-spray system for theChapter two : Multi-spray system for the
machinery spacesmachinery spaces..
--Chapter three: ApplicationChapter three: Application for sprinkler systemfor sprinkler system..
--Chapter fourChapter four :: Rules for (Automatic SprinklerRules for (Automatic Sprinkler
system) from (A.B.Ssystem) from (A.B.S(.(.
--ConclusionConclusion..
3. PrefacePreface::
--A number of fatal accommodation fires haveA number of fatal accommodation fires have
been started by people falling asleep whilstbeen started by people falling asleep whilst
smokingsmoking..
--The sprinkler system provides protectionThe sprinkler system provides protection
against this type of incidentagainst this type of incident..
--The combination of structural fire protectionThe combination of structural fire protection
and an installed sprinkler system whichand an installed sprinkler system which
incorporates detection, alarm and fire-fightingincorporates detection, alarm and fire-fighting
capability, has proved very successful incapability, has proved very successful in
combating the outbreak of fire in passenger shipcombating the outbreak of fire in passenger ship
accommodationaccommodation..
4. --But the main advantage of sprinkler system isBut the main advantage of sprinkler system is
that we use the water for fire fighting, that isthat we use the water for fire fighting, that is
because the water is a good medium whichbecause the water is a good medium which
protect the object and give a cooling to it andprotect the object and give a cooling to it and
as a result of cooling the object we prevent itas a result of cooling the object we prevent it
from reaching its ignition point. By this way wefrom reaching its ignition point. By this way we
can release the firecan release the fire
--In the time that water has these advantages itIn the time that water has these advantages it
also has its disadvantagesalso has its disadvantages::
5. Fire Extinguishing Agents
Agent Advantages Disadvantages
Water
•- Always
Available
•- Excellent cooling
properties
•- water Provides
protection, cooling
for fire party
•- Best choice for
Class A
•- Not to be used
on Electrical Fires
•- Can reduce
stability
•- Can spread Class
B fires
•Damages/destroys
equipment
6. --Really it is very useful to find rules andReally it is very useful to find rules and
regulations control this system and make sureregulations control this system and make sure
of right Installation to give best performanceof right Installation to give best performance
for sprinkler systemfor sprinkler system..
--The (A.B.S) rules and other maritimeThe (A.B.S) rules and other maritime
societies do this role and improve itsocieties do this role and improve it..
7. Types of water spraying systemsTypes of water spraying systems:-:-
11--Automatically operated systemsAutomatically operated systems::
--Automatically pressure water spraying systemAutomatically pressure water spraying system
((Sprinkler systemSprinkler system((
22--Manually operated systemsManually operated systems::
A) - Pressure water spraying system for machinery spacesA) - Pressure water spraying system for machinery spaces..
B) - Pressure water spraying system for exhaust gas firedB) - Pressure water spraying system for exhaust gas fired
thermal oil heatersthermal oil heaters..
C) - Pressure water spraying system for special categoryC) - Pressure water spraying system for special category
spaces and Ro/Ro cargo spacesspaces and Ro/Ro cargo spaces..
D) - Pressure water spraying system for the cargo areas ofD) - Pressure water spraying system for the cargo areas of
tankerstankers..
Note:Note: (B, C, D) are similar to (A(B, C, D) are similar to (A((..
9. Description of the systemDescription of the system::
--The automatic spray or sprinkler systemThe automatic spray or sprinkler system
provides a network of sprinkler heads (whichprovides a network of sprinkler heads (which
both detect and extinguish fires) throughout theboth detect and extinguish fires) throughout the
protected spacesprotected spaces..
--This system may be used in accommodationThis system may be used in accommodation
areas, and in machinery spaces with certainareas, and in machinery spaces with certain
variations in the equipment used and the methodvariations in the equipment used and the method
of operationof operation..
10. How is the system workHow is the system work??
---The sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulbThe sprinkler head is closed by a quartzoid bulb
which contains a liquid that expands considerablywhich contains a liquid that expands considerably
on heatingon heating..
---When excessively heated the liquid expands,When excessively heated the liquid expands,
shatters the bulb and water will issue from theshatters the bulb and water will issue from the
sprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinklersprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinkler
head causes the water to spray out over a largehead causes the water to spray out over a large
areaarea..
19. How is the system work?How is the system work?
ContCont..
--The water is supplied initially from aThe water is supplied initially from a
tank pressurized to 8 bars by compressedtank pressurized to 8 bars by compressed
air Once the tank pressure falls below 5.5air Once the tank pressure falls below 5.5
bars , as a sprinkler issues water, a saltbars , as a sprinkler issues water, a salt
water pump cuts in automatically towater pump cuts in automatically to
maintain the water supply as long as ismaintain the water supply as long as is
necessarynecessary..
21. How is the system work?How is the system work?
ContCont..
--When. The water lifts theWhen. The water lifts the non-returnnon-return valvevalve
exposing an annular groove which connects toexposing an annular groove which connects to
a diaphragm alarm switcha diaphragm alarm switch
---This switch is coupled to an alarm and to anThis switch is coupled to an alarm and to an
indicator panel on the bridge which givesindicator panel on the bridge which gives
audible and visual warning that a sprinkler hasaudible and visual warning that a sprinkler has
operated and fire has probably broken out inoperated and fire has probably broken out in
the section indicatedthe section indicated..
---Fires have frequently been found to haveFires have frequently been found to have
been extinguished by the system alonebeen extinguished by the system alone..
24. How is the system work?How is the system work?
ContCont..
--When any occurrence has been dealtWhen any occurrence has been dealt
with the stop valve, which is usuallywith the stop valve, which is usually
locked open, may be closed to replace thelocked open, may be closed to replace the
sprinkler head which has operated and tosprinkler head which has operated and to
enable the section to be drained of saltenable the section to be drained of salt
water before being filled with fresh fromwater before being filled with fresh from
the systemthe system
25. The installation of the systemThe installation of the system
--The complete installation is dividedThe complete installation is divided
into several sections, each containinginto several sections, each containing
about 150 to 200 sprinklers andabout 150 to 200 sprinklers and
having an alarm valvehaving an alarm valve
--When one or more sprinklersWhen one or more sprinklers
operate water flows through theoperate water flows through the
section valve and sounds an alarmsection valve and sounds an alarm
and also provides a visual displayand also provides a visual display
identifying the section containing theidentifying the section containing the
firefire..
28. lists or planslists or plans
A list or plan is to be displayed atA list or plan is to be displayed at
each indicating unit, showing theeach indicating unit, showing the
spaces covered and the location of thespaces covered and the location of the
zone in respect of each section.zone in respect of each section.
Suitable instructions for testing andSuitable instructions for testing and
maintenance are to be availablemaintenance are to be available
30. Kind of water used in the systemKind of water used in the system
The system is initially charged with fresh waterThe system is initially charged with fresh water
to reduce corrosion effects, and It is often found,to reduce corrosion effects, and It is often found,
in new ships, that the bilges and sprinklerin new ships, that the bilges and sprinkler
systems have not been thoroughly cleaned withsystems have not been thoroughly cleaned with
the result that wood, nuts, bolts, rags and otherthe result that wood, nuts, bolts, rags and other
debris are found inside valves and pipes afterdebris are found inside valves and pipes after
initial Fire fighting process. These choke theinitial Fire fighting process. These choke the
valve-chests and prevent the valves from beingvalve-chests and prevent the valves from being
properly closed. They also block strainersproperly closed. They also block strainers..
31. Cleaning the systemCleaning the system
--It is Important to clean the system with freshIt is Important to clean the system with fresh
water after initial Fire fighting process to avoidwater after initial Fire fighting process to avoid
salt water problemssalt water problems
--It is vital to clean before the sprinkler system isIt is vital to clean before the sprinkler system is
tested to ensure that all suction pipes, joints,tested to ensure that all suction pipes, joints,
valves and glands are free from air leaksvalves and glands are free from air leaks..
---Pipes too must be cleaned and checked as beingPipes too must be cleaned and checked as being
clear before and after assemblyclear before and after assembly..
---Damage to any electrical equipment by the saltDamage to any electrical equipment by the salt
water is dealt with by washing with hot freshwater is dealt with by washing with hot fresh
water before drying outwater before drying out
32. Testing of the systemTesting of the system
The system should be regularlyThe system should be regularly
checked by creating fault conditionschecked by creating fault conditions
at the various section control valvesat the various section control valves
by opening a test valve, and checkingby opening a test valve, and checking
for audible and visual alarmsfor audible and visual alarms..
33. Maintenance of the systemMaintenance of the system
--Any maintenance on a section is carried outAny maintenance on a section is carried out
with the stop valve closed. The test valve canwith the stop valve closed. The test valve can
be opened to create flow and cause the non-be opened to create flow and cause the non-
return section alarm valve to open, to test thereturn section alarm valve to open, to test the
alarmalarm..
--Regular maintenance of the system consistsRegular maintenance of the system consists
of greasing the various valves and checkingof greasing the various valves and checking
their freedom of movement, logging thetheir freedom of movement, logging the
pressure gauge reading, before and after eachpressure gauge reading, before and after each
alarm valve (thus checking the tightness ofalarm valve (thus checking the tightness of
the non-return valves) and checking the alarmthe non-return valves) and checking the alarm
systemsystem
34. Maintenance of the systemMaintenance of the system
--The pressure tank level is checked andThe pressure tank level is checked and
recharged, if necessary, with fresh water andrecharged, if necessary, with fresh water and
airair..
--The centrifugal salt-water pump should alsoThe centrifugal salt-water pump should also
be tested by closing the isolating valves andbe tested by closing the isolating valves and
draining the pressure switch circuit, when thedraining the pressure switch circuit, when the
pump should start automaticallypump should start automatically..
--Delivery pressure should be logged. In theDelivery pressure should be logged. In the
event of a fire, when a normal situation isevent of a fire, when a normal situation is
recovered the section and system are drainedrecovered the section and system are drained
and flushed out; then recharged with freshand flushed out; then recharged with fresh
water and airwater and air..
35. Kinds of Sprinkler Heads
1-Depending on the existence of heat sensitizer
2-Depending on the installation direction
3-Depending on the form of fuse
36. Kinds of Sprinkler HeadsKinds of Sprinkler Heads:-:-
11--Depending on theDepending on the existenceexistence
of heat sensitizerof heat sensitizer::
--Open type.Open type. (With detection device(With detection device((
--Closed typeClosed type. (Without detection device. (Without detection device((
37. Kinds of Sprinkler HeadsKinds of Sprinkler Heads:-:-
22--Depending on theDepending on the installationinstallation
directiondirection::
--Upright typeUpright type
--Sidewall typeSidewall type
--Pendent typePendent type
38. Kinds of Sprinkler HeadsKinds of Sprinkler Heads:-:-
33--Depending on theDepending on the formform of fuseof fuse::
--Fusible link typeFusible link type..
--Metal piece typeMetal piece type..
--Glass bulb typeGlass bulb type..
--Chemical piece typeChemical piece type..
39. We will show the mostWe will show the most
common sprinkler headscommon sprinkler heads
used in the marine fieldused in the marine field
Glass bulb typesGlass bulb types
40.
41.
42.
43. Bulb color due to its temperatureBulb color due to its temperature:-:-
---Red bulb:Red bulb: 6868°C°C..
-))For accommodation spacesFor accommodation spaces((
--Yellow bulb:Yellow bulb: 8080°C°C..
--Green bulb:Green bulb: 9393°C°C..
---Blue bulb:Blue bulb: 141141°C°C
-))For engine room, galleyFor engine room, galley……etcetc((
-NoteNote:: we often addwe often add 3030°C to the space°C to the space
temperaturetemperature
44. Types of Sprinkler systemsTypes of Sprinkler systems:-:-
A) Wet-pipe TypeA) Wet-pipe Type
B) Dry-pipe TypeB) Dry-pipe Type
C) Pre-action TypeC) Pre-action Type
D) Alternate-typeD) Alternate-type
E) Deluge and recycling typeE) Deluge and recycling type
45. A) Wet-pipe TypeA) Wet-pipe Type
--A wet-type sprinkler system is one in whichA wet-type sprinkler system is one in which
the piping between the outlet side of the mainthe piping between the outlet side of the main
sprinkler valve and the sprinkler heads issprinkler valve and the sprinkler heads is
charged with fresh watercharged with fresh water..
--Once the system is activated, the fresh water isOnce the system is activated, the fresh water is
immediately discharged and replaced by saltimmediately discharged and replaced by salt
waterwater..
--Although wet-type sprinkler systems doAlthough wet-type sprinkler systems do
contain quite a few more components than dry-contain quite a few more components than dry-
type systems, they function on similartype systems, they function on similar
principlesprinciples..
46. A) Wet-pipe type ContA) Wet-pipe type Cont..
--The main advantage of wet systems is aThe main advantage of wet systems is a
very rapid response time. Sprinkling startsvery rapid response time. Sprinkling starts
approximately 1 second after activation. Andapproximately 1 second after activation. And
these are the most common systems and arethese are the most common systems and are
used in ships where there is no risk ofused in ships where there is no risk of
freezingfreezing..
---They are quick to react because water isThey are quick to react because water is
always in the pipes above the sprinkleralways in the pipes above the sprinkler
headsheads..
---Wet systems are required for multi-storeyWet systems are required for multi-storey
or high-rise ceiling and for life safetyor high-rise ceiling and for life safety
48. B) Dry-pipe TypeB) Dry-pipe Type
--The pipes are filled with air underThe pipes are filled with air under
pressure at all times and the water is heldpressure at all times and the water is held
back by the control valve. When aback by the control valve. When a
sprinkler head opens, the drop in airsprinkler head opens, the drop in air
pressure opens the valve and water flowspressure opens the valve and water flows
into the pipe work and onto the fireinto the pipe work and onto the fire..
--Dry pipe systems are used where wet orDry pipe systems are used where wet or
alternate systems cannot be usedalternate systems cannot be used..
50. C) Pre-action TypeC) Pre-action Type
--Like dry pipe systems the pipes are filledLike dry pipe systems the pipes are filled
with air but water is only let into the pipeswith air but water is only let into the pipes
when the detector operates (e.g. smokewhen the detector operates (e.g. smoke
detectorsdetectors(.(.
--Pre-action systems are used where it isPre-action systems are used where it is
not acceptable to have the pipes full ofnot acceptable to have the pipes full of
water unless there is a firewater unless there is a fire..
52. D) Alternate-typeD) Alternate-type
---As the name suggest AlternateAs the name suggest Alternate
systems can have the pipes full ofsystems can have the pipes full of
water for the summer and bewater for the summer and be
drained down and filled with airdrained down and filled with air
(under pressure) for the winter(under pressure) for the winter..
---This is important for buildingsThis is important for buildings
that are not heatedthat are not heated
53. E) Deluge and recycling typeE) Deluge and recycling type
These are not strictly sprinklerThese are not strictly sprinkler
systems and are only used in specialsystems and are only used in special
cases for industrial riskscases for industrial risks
54. Note: where an automatic sprinkler system
is not fitted in accommodation spaces, it is
necessary to install an automatic fire alarm
system similar to that used for unmanned
machinery spaces. (The system would
consist of an electric circuit for srnoke
detectors and possibly bimetallic
temperature sensors. Warning is given by
an audible alarm with visual indication
showing the section in which the fire has
occurred).
56. Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces
--This system is similar to the sprinkler used inThis system is similar to the sprinkler used in
accommodation areas but the spray heads areaccommodation areas but the spray heads are
not operated automaticallynot operated automatically..
---The section control valves are opened byThe section control valves are opened by
hand to supply water to the heads in one orhand to supply water to the heads in one or
more areasmore areas..
---Ready to use hoses can also be suppliedReady to use hoses can also be supplied..
---Fresh water is used for the initial chargingFresh water is used for the initial charging
and the system is brought to working pressureand the system is brought to working pressure
by means of the compressed air connectionby means of the compressed air connection..
57. Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces Cont.
--The air bottle provides a cushion and prevents cut-in
of the pump due to any slight leakage of the water.
--The pump is automatically operated by pressure drop
in the system when the control valve to one section is
opened
-The pump must have either an independent drive or an
electric motor with a supply via the emergency generator
switchboard. It must be able to maintain working
pressure when supplying all the sections simultaneously
in one compartment. It is installed outside the
compartment it serves
58. Multi-spray system for the
machinery spaces Cont.
-Spray nozzles are designed to give the
correct droplet size for fires in flammable
liquids such as fuels and lubricating oils,
when working at the correct pressure. They
are located so as to give adequate water
distribution over the tank top and all fire risk
areas.
59. Water spray is a potentially goodWater spray is a potentially good
fire-fighting medium becausefire-fighting medium because::
))a) It produces a large quantity of steama) It produces a large quantity of steam
which has a smothering actionwhich has a smothering action;;
))b) In producing the steam, a large amountb) In producing the steam, a large amount
of heat is required (latent heat) and thisof heat is required (latent heat) and this
gives a cooling effectgives a cooling effect;;
))c) The spray will protect personnel in thec) The spray will protect personnel in the
compartmentcompartment
60. Note:Note: The accommodationThe accommodation
and machinery spaceand machinery space
systems may be combined bysystems may be combined by
a valve which is normallya valve which is normally
kept locked shutkept locked shut
61. Water mist (fogWater mist (fog((
---Water mist (fog) Sprinklers are being used as anWater mist (fog) Sprinklers are being used as an
alternative to, the now banned, Halon fire suppressionalternative to, the now banned, Halon fire suppression
systemssystems..
---The mist system delivers very small water particles,The mist system delivers very small water particles,
which are able to remain suspended in the airwhich are able to remain suspended in the air..
---The water particles are evaporated by the heat of theThe water particles are evaporated by the heat of the
fire and the expanding vapor displaces oxygenfire and the expanding vapor displaces oxygen..
---The combined cooling and oxygen starvation effectsThe combined cooling and oxygen starvation effects
quickly extinguish a firequickly extinguish a fire..
---Less water is used than with sprinkler systems and theLess water is used than with sprinkler systems and the
mist has proved effective against liquid fuel fires,mist has proved effective against liquid fuel fires,
making it suitable for use in machinery spacesmaking it suitable for use in machinery spaces..
62. Water mist (fog)Water mist (fog)
ContCont..
---Research is continuing, in particular as toResearch is continuing, in particular as to
the effectiveness of mist in a large machinerythe effectiveness of mist in a large machinery
spacespace..
---Water mist is accepted as a fireWater mist is accepted as a fire
extinguishing agent, with respect toextinguishing agent, with respect to SOLASSOLAS
fire protection requirementsfire protection requirements
64. Example for sprinkler system:-Example for sprinkler system:-
Applied on Anile floating hotelApplied on Anile floating hotel
((NILE DOLPHINENILE DOLPHINE((
65. Pipe DimensionsPipe Dimensions::
No, of Sprinkler Pipe DN in mm
Sprinkler1 15)1/2("
Sprinkler2 20)3/4("
Sprinkler3 25)1("
4Sprinkler 32)1/1/4("
5Sprinkler 40)1/1/2("
6:200Sprinkler 50)2("
67. Note: The (ND50 mm) pipe has to be
(60.3 mm) "Outside diameter" at the
flow switch
68. General arrangementGeneral arrangement
Data for general arrangement of sprinkler system
1-Overboard 2-Fire pump 3-Riser 4-Sea chest 5-Tunnel
6-Sprinkler head 7-Section valve 8-Flow switch 9-Lobby 10-Frist deck
11-Second deck 12-Third deck 13-Fourth deck
77. We will show the mostWe will show the most
Important rules forImportant rules for
sprinkler systemsprinkler system
78. Location of SprinklerLocation of Sprinkler
Pump and TankPump and Tank
The sprinkler pump and tank areThe sprinkler pump and tank are
to be situated in a positionto be situated in a position
reasonably remote from anyreasonably remote from any
machinery space of category Amachinery space of category A
and are not to be situated in anyand are not to be situated in any
space required to be protected byspace required to be protected by
the sprinkler systemthe sprinkler system
79. Power SourcesPower Sources
There are to be not less than twoThere are to be not less than two
sources of power supply for thesources of power supply for the
sea water pump and automaticsea water pump and automatic
alarm and detection systemalarm and detection system
80. Connection with the FireConnection with the Fire
MainMain
The sprinkler system is to have aThe sprinkler system is to have a
connection from the vesselconnection from the vessel’’s fires fire
main by way of a lockable screwmain by way of a lockable screw
downdown non-return valvenon-return valve at theat the
connection, which will prevent aconnection, which will prevent a
backflow from the sprinklerbackflow from the sprinkler
system to the fire mainsystem to the fire main..
81. Spare PartsSpare Parts
--A quantity of spare sprinkler heads is to be provided for allA quantity of spare sprinkler heads is to be provided for all
types and ratings installed on the vessel, as followstypes and ratings installed on the vessel, as follows
- The number of spare sprinkler heads of any type
need not exceed the total number of heads installed
of that type.
82. ConclusionConclusion::
Now we all proof that sprinkler system is the bestNow we all proof that sprinkler system is the best
system for firefighting in this field but to give thesystem for firefighting in this field but to give the
best performance of this system we must apply allbest performance of this system we must apply all
its rulesits rules..
Fortunately,Fortunately, in the marine field this system doesn'tin the marine field this system doesn't
give it performance because the power source ofgive it performance because the power source of
the fire pump isn't available all the time orthe fire pump isn't available all the time or
because of the broken bulb of sprinkler head orbecause of the broken bulb of sprinkler head or
forfor…………etc, All this result in huge disasteretc, All this result in huge disaster
Like( ASLAM 98Like( ASLAM 98((
