1. Presented By :-
NISCHITH B S

2. FUELS
 Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in
forms that can be practicably released and used for
work or as heat energy.
 And are broadly classified into
o Chemical Fuel
o Nuclear Fuel

3. Solid Fuels
Gaseous Fuels
Liquid Fuels
Fossil Fuels
Fission
Fusion

7. When Fossil Fuels are Exhausted?
http://www.4thtransition.ws/4TUIT10.htm

8. SOLUTION
Electric cars
Solar power
Wind power
Or

9. Biofuels

10. WHAT IS BIO FUEL?
 Bio fuel Is a type of fuel whose energy
is derived from biological carbon
fixation.
 Bio fuel is the fuel which is produced
from organic products and wastes.
 Bio fuels include fuels derived from
biomass conversion as well as solid
biomass, liquidfuel and solid biomass

11. History
 In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from
vegetable oil.
 In 1970s and 1980s environmental protection agency EPA situated in
America suggested that fuel should be free from sulphur dioxide, carbon
monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
 In 1998 EPA allowed the production of biofuel on commercial level which
was the alternative source of the petrol.
 In 2010 the production of biofuels reaches up to 105 billion liters
worldwide.
 In 2011, European countries were the largest that made
biodiesel almost about 53%. The international Energy
Agency set a goal to reduce the usage of petroleum and coal
and will be switched on to biofuels till 2050.

12. Classification of Biofuels
 Also called conventional biofuels. It includes sugar, starch, or
vegetable oil
 known as advanced biofuels and can be manufactured from
different types of biomass. The biomass contains
lignocellulosic material like wood, straw and waste plastic
 Extract from algae mostly marine algae

13. FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS ARE:
 1)BIO-DIESEL
 2)GREEN-DIESEL
 3)BIO-ETHERS
 4)BIO-GAS
 5)SYN-GAS
SECOND GENERATION BIO-FUEL:
Many second generation biofuels are under
development such as Cellulose ethanol,algae fuel,
biohydrogen,bioethanol,bioethanol,DMF,Bio
DMF,Fisher tropesh disel, biohydrogen diesel, mixed
alcohols and wood diesel.

14. Cassava Palm oil Certain fungi
Animal fat Agricultural wastes

15. Biofuels
Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Biogas
Biobutanol

16. BIO-DIESEL

17. o Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from
re-new able biological sources such as vegetable
oils and animal fats.
o Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure (straight
chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to 21)
o The Biodiesel can be prepared by
Transesterification.
BIODIESEL

18. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

19. Biodiesel from Different Oil
Plant Oil Alcohol Temperature Reaction
Time
Catalyst
Soybean and
Castor (Brazil)
Ethyl 70 3 Hours NaOH
Wastes frying
oil
Methyl 60 1 Hours NaOH
Rapeseed Methyl 60 33 mins KOH
Sunflower Methyl 25 45 mins KOH

20. Application of Biodiesel
 Railway usage
 Aircraft use
 As a heating oil
 Cleaning oil spills
 Biodiesel in generators
 Vehicles

21. Advantages-Disadvantages of Biodiesel
Can be used pure biodiesel B100. Biodiesel is significantly more
expensive compared to standard
diesel
Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay
compared to standard diesel
Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide
which can lead to the formation of
smog.
Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and
so it doesn't contribute to acid rain
formation
Pure biodiesel has significant
problems with low temperatures
Biodiesel has good lubricating
properties better than standard
diesel
Food Shortage can be occurred

22. Biogas
 A mixture of CH4 , CO2 and other gases
Gas %
Methane 50–75
Carbon dioxide 25–50
Nitrogen 0–10
Hydrogen 0–1
Hydrogen
sulfide
0–3
Oxygen 0–2

23. Biogas
 Biogas is a fuel used as domestic purpose
 Obtained from cow manure, fruit and vegetable waste
 Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic
waste by bacteria without oxygen anaerobic
digestion

24. Biogas Plant
Stops air getting into
the digester- creates
anaerobic condition
Gas to kitchen
Sludge used as
a fertiliser

25. Advantages Biogas
 Reduce air and water pollution
 more environmentally friendly fertilizers
 Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
 concerns about waste management in the agriculture
and food industry
 Energy security

26. Application of Biogas
 Cooking
 Lighting
 Fuel for engine

27. BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION IN INDIA:
 Biofuel development in India centers mainly
around the cultivation and processing of Jatropha
plant seeds which are very rich in oil (40%). The
drivers for this are historic, functional, economic,
environmental,moral and political.
 On 12 September 2008, the Indian Government
announced its 'National Biofuel Policy'. It aims to meet
20% of India's diesel demand with fuel derived from
plants.

28. Advantages of Biofuels
 Renewable
 Reduce Greenhouse Gases
 Economic Security
 Easy to Source
 Lower level of Pollution

29. Disadvantages of Biofuel
 High Cost of Production
 Industrial Pollution
 Future Rise in Price
 Shortage of Food
 Use of Fertilizer

30. • Reduce wastes
• Cleaner air
• New agricultural markets
• Improve balance of payments
• global warming reduction
• Benefit developing nations

31. REFERENCES
 http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/biodiesel_basics/defau
lt.shtm
 Biofuels: Production, Application and Development Alan
H. Scragg.
 Satyendra Nath Mishra. 2014. Design of Resource Use: case
of jatropha based biodisel in India. Journal of Rural
Development. 33(1). 1–13.
 "Biofuels Make a Comeback Despite Tough
Economy". Worldwatch Institute. 2011-08-31. Retrieved
2011-08-31.