The following ppt contains literature review for extraction of essential oil. Including extraction , filtration and analysis method. Also a table which contains essential oil contains in various aromatic components.
1. SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
PRESENTATION ON
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM
GERANIUM PLANT
GUIDANCE BY: PRESENTED BY:
Prof Dr. J.G.GUJAR NISHANT BORAWAKE
SIMRAN DHURIYA
2.
3. INTRODUCTION
Botanical Name : Pelargonium graveolens
Common Name : Rose-scented pelargonium
Geranium is one of the important aromatic
plants, yielding an essential oil which is
highly priced for its very profound and
strong rose-like odour.
Uses -
The pure geranium oil is almost a perfume by itself and blends well with all
other perfumes.
It is widely used for scenting soaps due to its stability in alkaline medium.
Geranium oil has been used in the treatment of inflammation
dysentery and even cancer.
["The Encyclopedia of Chromatography”, edited by Dr. Jack Cazes of Florida
Atlantic University.]
5. Essential oil of herbs and formulations
Common
Name
Scientific Name % Essential Oil Reference
Geranium Pelargonium 0.15% to 0.20% R. Oprean; M.
Tamas
Tea tree Malaleuca alternifolia 0.25 to 0.27% Abdelhady MI, Aly
HAH.
Orange
peel
Citrus aurantium dulcis 0.5 to 5.0% R. P. W Scott
Rosemary Salvia Rosmarinus Up to 0.3% Brophy JJ, Lassak
EV
Basil Ocimum basilicum 1.3 to 2.1% Ammon, D.G.,
Barton
Wintergree
n
Gaultheria procumbens 0.31% Hugh J. Byrne
Thyme Thymus vulgaris 1 to 3% Haq Nawaz
Bay leaf Laurus nobilis 0.3 to 0.1% Muhammad Asif
Hanif
6. Common Name Scientific Name % Essential Oil Reference
Jasmine Jasminum 0.12 to 0.14% Eikani MH
Spearmint Mentha spicata 0.15 to 0.30% Ferhat MA
Clove Syzygium
aromaticum
5 to 15 % Golmakani M-T
Lime Citrus aurantiifolia 2 to 2.3% Cassel E
Rosewood Dalbergia sissoo 80 to 90% Amarni MI
Cumin Apiaceae 2.450 to 4% Donelian A,Carlson
Oregano Origanum vulgare 0.5 to 0.6% Henika PR
Pine Pinus 0.30 to 0.40% R. P. W Scott
8. Hydrodistillation
Hydrodistillation is a traditional method
for the extraction of bioactive compound
from plants.
In this method, plant materials are packed
in a still compartment then water is added
in sufficient amount and brought to a boil.
Alternatively, direct steam may also be
injected into the plant sample.
The vapor mixture of water and oil is condensed by
indirect cooling with water.
9. Principle
Every substance has some vapor pressure even
below its boiling point, so in theory it could be
distilled at any temperature by collecting and
condensing its vapors.
However, ordinary distillation below the boiling
point is not practical because a layer of vapor-rich air
would form over the liquid, and evaporation would
stop as soon as the partial pressure of the vapor in
that layer reached the vapor pressure.
The vapor would then flow to the condenser only by
diffusion, which is an extremely slow process.
10. Working Mechanism
Most of the complex organic compounds do not dissolve in
water, instead, they form a mixture, which separates if
allowed to settle as the water settles down and the organic
compounds float on top.
The principle behind the steam distillation process is that
when the heating of a mixture of two or more immiscible
liquids takes place, the vapour pressure exerted by the system
increases.
This is because it now becomes the sum of the vapour
pressures of all of the components of the mixture combined
together.
This allows for evaporation of elements with high boiling
points at much lower temperatures merely by allowing them
to form a mixture with water.
11. Advantages and
Disadvantages
Simple instrumentation
Low cost
Free from organic
solvents
Simple procedure
Various choices of
solvent
High yield
Thermal degradation of
products.
High consumption
of energy.
Emulsion formation.
Low efficiency.
Time consuming.
Large volumes of
solvents.
Hazards from boiling
solvents
12. Methods Of
Analysis
UV – Spectroscopy
It measures the intensity of light passing through a
sample, and compares it to the intensity of light
before it passes through the sample
Double Beam UV Spectrophotometer
λmax. = 765 nm
[Brophy JJ, Lassak EV & Toia RF (1985) The steamvolatile leaf oil of
Eucalyptus pulverulenta. Planta Medica, 51: 170-171.]
13. Future Aspects
Hydro Distillation
• Experimental work with effect of temperature ,
solvent.
• Uses of its Byproduct
• Geranium Essential Oil
• Aromatherapy , Medical uses , Used in cosmetology.