Effective Local Approaches to boost quality job creation
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This expert meeting of the ESSSA initiative will provide a unique opportunity to share international experience in addressing the issue of skills mismatch as a way to contribute to more inclusive growth and good quality job creation across Southeast Asian countries.
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Effective Local Approaches to boost quality job creation
- 1. Effective local strategies to boost quality job creation: Lessons from Canada Anil Verma, Ph.D. Professor & Director Centre for Industrial Relations & Human Resources and Rotman School of Management University of Toronto September 2014
- 2. Skill gaps, shortages High skill equilibrium Low skill equilibrium Skills surplus Demand for High Skills Supply of High Skills
- 3. Traditional Approaches • Emphasize Supply-side Policies – Boost post-secondary enrollments – Incentives for apprenticeships – Incentives for training – Target key groups: youth, women, minorities – Bridging programs
- 4. Not just supply, also demand..
- 5. Eastern Ontario Central Ontario Niagara -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Huron 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 South Central Ontario Northern Ontario Ottawa Kingston Oshawa Toronto Hamilton 0.2 0 St. Catharines London Windsor Kitchener Sudbury Thunder Bay -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 Rural Urban (1.17, 1.04) SKILLS DEMAND SKILLS SUPPLY Skills supply and demand in Ontario
- 6. Skills supply and demand in Ontario Eastern Ontario Central Ontario Niagara -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Huron 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 South Central Ontario Northern Ontario Ottawa Kingston Oshawa Toronto Hamilton 0.2 0 St. Catharines London Windsor Kitchener Sudbury Thunder Bay -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 Rural Urban (1.17, 1.04) SKILLS DEMAND SKILLS SUPPLY
- 7. First Theorem of the Skilled Jobs Economy Utilization of enhanced skills depends largely on a demand for enhanced skills Demand for enhanced skills depends on innovation and creativity at the workplace Workplaces vested in the status quo do not contribute to demand for enhanced skills A culture of innovation creates a steady demand for enhanced skills
- 8. Innovation Compete Locally High Quality Unique Products Responsive to customer tastes
- 9. Specific skills & knowledge Competing Locally High Quality Unique Products Responsive & Flexible
- 10. A Model of Policy Interventions for a Shift to a High-skill Equilibrium Public Policies, Programs & Institutions Private and Not-For- Profit Policies, Programs & Institutions Demand-side Processes More Value-added Products & Services Persuade People to Acquire Higher Skills Increase in Employer demand for Higher Skills Supply-side Processes Increase in Supply of Higher Skills Improve productivity, quality, cost, service; Promote innovation Fund & Promote Education & Training Policy Inputs Outcomes High-Skill Equilibrium (demand High Skill Surplus (Demand < Supply) = supply) High Skill Shortage (Demand > Supply) Feedback for Policy Adjustments
- 11. Role of Industry Networks (Non-profits) Demonstrate 2 Diffuse Innovations Train 3 Support 4 Legitimate 1
- 12. Role of Universities & Colleges • Niagara College as an Exemplar – Programs pertinent to local industry: viniculture, tourism & hospitality – Local labour market surveys – Internships – Research Projects – Contract research with industry
Editor's Notes
- Because of this variation we would argue that it is imperative that many sub-regions not only invest in the supply of skills but also the demand for skills: On left hand – balanced against on right side
- X axis: supply of skills – population in working age 15-64 with post secondary education Y axis : demand indicator Income from employment (weight=0.75) Employment in medium- high skilled jobs (weight=0.25) - skills level A using HRSDC classification The supply and demand indices are calculated on data for Canada, here we just present the values for Ontario
- Focus on Niagara and Kitchener Niagara is rural and in the second quadrant (low supply and relatively high demand) Kitchener is an urban area and is a potential high skilled equilibrium (high supply and high demand) THIS IS THE FIRST WAY OF PRESENTING THE DATA . THE FOLLOWING GRAPHS WILL SHOW THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND INDICES BY BENCHMARKING GROUP BASED ON EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR In this way we will compare EI regions with similar labour market characteristics