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TAXING
ENERGY USE
2018
OECD #GreenTalks LIVE
14 February 2018
@OECDtax
@OECD_ENV
CONTEXT
 Tax and the environment
 Taxing Energy Use
TAXING ENERGY USE
 Highlights of the “Companion to the Taxing
Energy Use database”
 Summing up
Q&A
TEU 2018 – Green Talk: Outline
2
Join the discussion on Twitter: #GreenTalks @OECD_ENV @OECDtax
Tax and the Environment at the OECD
Carbon
pricing
Other
environmental
taxes & tax
incentives
Country
work
3
Effective Carbon Rates,
Taxing Energy Use
Working papers on political
economy aspects and carbon
price design
Applying insights of
analytical work to country
contexts
(e.g. Mexico, Costa Rica, Slovenia)
Working papers on
“Diesel differential”,
“Company Car support”,
“Energy affordability”
Other analytical work
First released in 2013
with OECD country
profiles
Unique in its detail on tax rates
by sector and by fuel, presented
in the same way for all countries
for comparability.
Second report in 2015,
with profiles for 7 non-
OECD countries
Increasing coverage to 41
OECD and G20 economies
representing 80% of global
energy use.
Third report in 2018, with
updated profiles for 42
OECD and G20 economies
and comparison of 2012 and
2015 taxation patterns.
Intention
to update
regularly
Taxing Energy Use
4
2013 2015 2018
Today’s release:
Taxing Energy Use 2018
5
1. Report: Taxing Energy Use 2018
Companion to the Taxing Energy
Use Database
2. Country notes: graphical profiles
for every country available at
http://oe.cd/TEU2018
6
Taxing Energy Use 2018 Highlights
Key findings for 2015
Energy taxes differ
strongly between
countries, sectors
and fuels, but almost
all taxes are too low
Despite its large
environmental
impact, coal is taxed
at the lowest rates,
or fully untaxed
Outside of road
transport, rates are
below a low-end
estimate of climate
costs for 97% of
emissions
Road fuel taxes are
higher, but too low
to account for other
external costs
(e.g. air pollution,
congestion)
Taxes tend to be
higher where GDP
per capita is higher,
but with some
notable exceptions
7
Taxing Energy Use 2018 Highlights
Key findings for 2015
Fuel tax reforms in
some large
economies increased
the share of
emissions taxed
above climate costs
in road transport
Some countries are
removing lower tax
rates on diesel
compared to
gasoline
…progress towards more consistent application of the
‘polluter-pays’ principle remains slow
Despite some
encouraging
initiatives on a
country-level …
8
Diagnosis for 2015: Zero or very low rates for the
majority of emissions
50% 97%
30
9
Diagnosis for 2015: Large inter-country differences,
in and outside of road transport
10
Diagnosis for 2015: Large differences between
fuels (coal!)
11
Diagnosis for 2015: Large differences between
sectors
12
Diagnosis for 2015: Higher rates in road transport
does not mean ‘high enough’
13
Comparing 2015 to 2012: Fuel taxes increased in the
middle of distribution
14
Comparing 2015 to 2012: Little change outside of
road transport in aggregate numbers
15
Comparing 2015 to 2012: Road fuel taxes up in
some countries, eroding rates in others
16
Comparing 2015 to 2012: Larger %-changes for
non-road, but from lower base
Three cuts of the 2015 data – three messages for 2015:
1. Distribution of taxes on energy use: low taxes
2. Fuel averages by country: large differences by fuel and by
country
3. Profile by sector and fuel: large differences by sector
Comparing 2015 to 2012 – some but limited change
1. Comparing distributions – some change ‘in the middle’
2. Comparing at the country level – rising rates in some
countries
Taxing Energy Use 2018 - Summary
17
Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting
18
• Launched at One Planet
Summit, 12 Dec 2017 in Paris
• Endorsed by France and
Mexico
• To be convened by OECD,
working in close partnership
with governments
Work towards alignment of
national budgetary processes with
the Paris Agreement and other
environmental goals.
RECENT AND FORTHCOMING PUBLICATIONS
 Effective Carbon Rates (2016, 2018)
 Working papers on political economy aspects (e.g.
incidence of energy taxes, affordability, competitiveness
impacts).
 Working papers on carbon pricing design (e.g. permit
allocation and investment incentives, CIT and technology choice,
road transport taxation)
 Country analysis (e.g. tax reform in Mexico, Costa Rica)
Tax and the environment at OECD
19
The next OECD Green Talks LIVE will discuss:
Leveraging the smart grid to optimise
energy consumption
Can providing real-time information help consumers to
reduce their environmental footprint?
15 March 5pm (Paris time)
Register at: bit.ly/OECDGreenTalks
20
Thank you for joining us
#GreenTalks @OECD_ENV @OECDtax

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OECD Green Talk Live: Taxing Energy Use - Reforming energy tax systems to achieve environmental goals

  • 1. TAXING ENERGY USE 2018 OECD #GreenTalks LIVE 14 February 2018 @OECDtax @OECD_ENV
  • 2. CONTEXT  Tax and the environment  Taxing Energy Use TAXING ENERGY USE  Highlights of the “Companion to the Taxing Energy Use database”  Summing up Q&A TEU 2018 – Green Talk: Outline 2 Join the discussion on Twitter: #GreenTalks @OECD_ENV @OECDtax
  • 3. Tax and the Environment at the OECD Carbon pricing Other environmental taxes & tax incentives Country work 3 Effective Carbon Rates, Taxing Energy Use Working papers on political economy aspects and carbon price design Applying insights of analytical work to country contexts (e.g. Mexico, Costa Rica, Slovenia) Working papers on “Diesel differential”, “Company Car support”, “Energy affordability” Other analytical work
  • 4. First released in 2013 with OECD country profiles Unique in its detail on tax rates by sector and by fuel, presented in the same way for all countries for comparability. Second report in 2015, with profiles for 7 non- OECD countries Increasing coverage to 41 OECD and G20 economies representing 80% of global energy use. Third report in 2018, with updated profiles for 42 OECD and G20 economies and comparison of 2012 and 2015 taxation patterns. Intention to update regularly Taxing Energy Use 4 2013 2015 2018
  • 5. Today’s release: Taxing Energy Use 2018 5 1. Report: Taxing Energy Use 2018 Companion to the Taxing Energy Use Database 2. Country notes: graphical profiles for every country available at http://oe.cd/TEU2018
  • 6. 6 Taxing Energy Use 2018 Highlights Key findings for 2015 Energy taxes differ strongly between countries, sectors and fuels, but almost all taxes are too low Despite its large environmental impact, coal is taxed at the lowest rates, or fully untaxed Outside of road transport, rates are below a low-end estimate of climate costs for 97% of emissions Road fuel taxes are higher, but too low to account for other external costs (e.g. air pollution, congestion) Taxes tend to be higher where GDP per capita is higher, but with some notable exceptions
  • 7. 7 Taxing Energy Use 2018 Highlights Key findings for 2015 Fuel tax reforms in some large economies increased the share of emissions taxed above climate costs in road transport Some countries are removing lower tax rates on diesel compared to gasoline …progress towards more consistent application of the ‘polluter-pays’ principle remains slow Despite some encouraging initiatives on a country-level …
  • 8. 8 Diagnosis for 2015: Zero or very low rates for the majority of emissions 50% 97% 30
  • 9. 9 Diagnosis for 2015: Large inter-country differences, in and outside of road transport
  • 10. 10 Diagnosis for 2015: Large differences between fuels (coal!)
  • 11. 11 Diagnosis for 2015: Large differences between sectors
  • 12. 12 Diagnosis for 2015: Higher rates in road transport does not mean ‘high enough’
  • 13. 13 Comparing 2015 to 2012: Fuel taxes increased in the middle of distribution
  • 14. 14 Comparing 2015 to 2012: Little change outside of road transport in aggregate numbers
  • 15. 15 Comparing 2015 to 2012: Road fuel taxes up in some countries, eroding rates in others
  • 16. 16 Comparing 2015 to 2012: Larger %-changes for non-road, but from lower base
  • 17. Three cuts of the 2015 data – three messages for 2015: 1. Distribution of taxes on energy use: low taxes 2. Fuel averages by country: large differences by fuel and by country 3. Profile by sector and fuel: large differences by sector Comparing 2015 to 2012 – some but limited change 1. Comparing distributions – some change ‘in the middle’ 2. Comparing at the country level – rising rates in some countries Taxing Energy Use 2018 - Summary 17
  • 18. Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting 18 • Launched at One Planet Summit, 12 Dec 2017 in Paris • Endorsed by France and Mexico • To be convened by OECD, working in close partnership with governments Work towards alignment of national budgetary processes with the Paris Agreement and other environmental goals.
  • 19. RECENT AND FORTHCOMING PUBLICATIONS  Effective Carbon Rates (2016, 2018)  Working papers on political economy aspects (e.g. incidence of energy taxes, affordability, competitiveness impacts).  Working papers on carbon pricing design (e.g. permit allocation and investment incentives, CIT and technology choice, road transport taxation)  Country analysis (e.g. tax reform in Mexico, Costa Rica) Tax and the environment at OECD 19
  • 20. The next OECD Green Talks LIVE will discuss: Leveraging the smart grid to optimise energy consumption Can providing real-time information help consumers to reduce their environmental footprint? 15 March 5pm (Paris time) Register at: bit.ly/OECDGreenTalks 20 Thank you for joining us #GreenTalks @OECD_ENV @OECDtax