This document provides an overview and highlights of the OECD's 2018 report on Taxing Energy Use. The report analyzes energy taxes across 42 countries and finds that: 1) Energy taxes differ strongly between countries, sectors, and fuels, but almost all taxes are too low. Coal is taxed at the lowest rates or fully untaxed despite its large environmental impact. 2) Outside of road transport, tax rates are below estimates of climate costs for 97% of emissions. Road fuel taxes are higher but still too low to account for other external costs like air pollution. 3) There were some increases in fuel taxes between 2012-2015, but changes outside of road transport were small. Progress on consistently applying the poll