2. OPNFV with 5G
applications
Juha Oravainen, Head of Open Source SW for Cloud, Nokia
Tapio Tallgren, Lead Architect, Nokia

3. 5G

4. 5G (New Radio) Schedule in 3GPP
5G study items
completed
L1/L2 freeze. Non-
standalone
Standalone higher
layers, new core
Enhancements (Unlicensed,
Non-orthogonal multiple
access, …)
2017 2018 2019 2020
5G above
52.6GHz
Release 15 Release 16 Release 17
2021
Release 18Release 15 contains intermediate
ASN.1 freeze for Non-standalone
in March 2018
Full ASN.1 freeze September 2018
for full 5G feature set
Full Spec 06/2018 (non-standalone 12/2017) -> Networks 2019/2020
Before that trials (not 3GPP based) such as Korean WinterOlympics

5. 5G Enables New Capabilities Beyond Mobile Broadband
10 years
on battery
100 Mbps
whenever needed
Ultra
reliability
10-100
x more devices
10 000
x more traffic
M2M
ultra low cost
>10 Gbps
peak data rates
<1 ms
radio latency
Massive
machine
communication
Extreme
Mobile
Broadband
Critical
machine
communication

6. #2 Beamforming
5G Key Technology Components
#1 New spectrum
300 MHz
3 GHz
30 GHz
10 GHz
90 GHz
10 cm
1m
1 cm
3 mm
#3 Slicing and flexibility
User#3
User#2
User#5
User#2
User#4
User#1
User#5
User#1
time
frequency
User#3
One tile corresponds to the smallestuserallocation
Dt
Df
#4 Multi-connectivity
#5 Edge computing
Gateway
• Lean carrier
• Flexible size,
control, TDD,
bandwidth etc
5G
LTE
Wi-Fi

7. From Vision to Reality – 1 GB per User per Day
Nokia vision from 2011 ”1 GB per user per day in 2020”
Mobile data in Finland 1 GB per day by end-2017
4300 TB/day today with 5.4M population = 0.8 GB per user/day

8. Fast Growth in Global Mobile Data Usage – Great Starting Point for 5G
Mobile data usage per subscription per month
USA, Japan
UK
France, Germany
Finland
Korea
Latvia
Sweden, Austria

9. Data Traffic in Olympic Games – High Expectations for Tokyo 2020
3.00E-05
1150
3250
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
Helsinki 1952 London 2012 Rio 2016
TB
Total data during Olympics [TB]
• Rio 2016 traffic 3250 TB
• London 2012 traffic 1150 TB
• Helsinki 1952 telegram traffic 4.5M
words corresponding to 30 MB
• Growth of 2.8x from London to Rio in 4
years
• Growth of 100.000.000x from Helsinki to
Rio in 64 years
• We must prepare far beyond 10000 TB
traffic in Tokyo

10. >1000x Higher Capacity than Today’s Hotspots
Maximum Throughput per Operator per km2
Spectrum
[MHz]
Site density [/km2]
40 MHz
200 MHz
600 MHz
2000 MHz
20/km2 50/km2 150/km2 300/km2
5G/LTE <6
GHz
5G at cm
5G at
mm
LTE
today
Per operator in
downlink
1 Gbps
/km2
10 Gbps
/km2
100 Gbps
/km2
>1 Tbps
/km2

11. Latency Evolution – New Radio and New Architecture Required
0
5
10
15
20
25
HSPA LTE 5G
ms
End-to-end latency
Transport + core
BTS processing
UE processing
Scheduling
Buffering
Uplink transmission
Downlink transmission
LTE latency 10 ms in best case LTE latency 20-50 ms in practise
10 ms
New radio and new architecture required for low latency

12. Latency Evolution – New Radio and New Architecture Required
• Strong evolution in latency
with new radios
• HSPA latency 20 ms
• LTE latency 10 ms
• 5G latency 1 ms
• Low 5G latency requires
new radio and also new
architecture with local content0
5
10
15
20
25
HSPA LTE 5G
ms
End-to-end latency
Transport + core
BTS processing
UE processing
Scheduling
Buffering
Uplink transmission
Downlink transmission
EPC/
NGC
UE
Endpoint
Internet
∆𝑡
∆𝑡 represents the total latency
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

13. • Antenna + RF
• Delay critical
processing Ethernet transport
Antenna site
Transport
• Edge computing
• Non-delay critical processing
• Multiconnectivity
Local cloud
Nokia AirFrame data
center
Nokia AirScale base
station
Architecture Evolution to Radio Cloud
Low latency
Faster
scalability

14. RF
Layer 1 high
Layer 2
Layer 1 low
Antenna site
Edge cloud
RF
Layer 1
Low layer split High layer split
Layer 3 Layer 3
Layer 2 low
Flexible Radio Architecture in 5G
100 MHz, 3-sector, 64TX/RX Massive MIMO
RF
Layer 1 high
Layer 2
CPRI
Layer 3
Layer 1 low
1 Tbps
<0.3 ms
1-10 Gbps
1 ms
1-10 Gbps
5 ms
Layer 2 high

16. Why to go to cloud

17. Latency matters
vRAN < 4ms
Distributed Edge Data Centers enable low latency
• Cloud at the network edge supporting radio and mobile
edge computing applications
• Exploiting cloud infrastructure synergies between
distributed and centralized sites e.g. efficient OCP1 half
rack HW configuration
Centralized Data Centers enable efficient capacity
• Cloud for highly scalable workloads without
compromising unbreakable core design
• Design for performance with lowest TCO
Cloud infrastructure must efficiently support
deployment in both central and edge sites
Radical shift in network architecture needed to deliver required latency

18. Centralized
Data Center
Distributed
Data Centers
 Throughput
optimized
 Telco
optimized
 Real-time
capable
 Compact &
distributed
 Optimized
security
Core
OSS
Radio controllers Radio
Nokia
AirFrame
Data Centers AirFrame
Mobile Edge Compute
AirScale
AirScale 5G Radio
Network design
Focus on reducing
latency & backbone
traffic
Network design
reducing latency;
multi-Gbps backhaul
In-band wireless
backhaul

19. Radio in cloud

20. Cloud BTS voice quality measurements
With Platform B
With OPNFV platform
With Platform A

21. Customer use case
Nokia and KDDI trial 5G with
AirScale radio for wireless
ultra-broadband in
megacities
12 May, 2017
Nokia Press Release
• First in a series of 5G collaborations between Nokia and KDDI, shows
potential of 5G to deliver high-bandwidth data services like Ultra HD
video in urban environments
• Trial achieved speeds of more than 1Gbps over 5G with Nokia AirScale
radio access on the 28GHz band to neighboring apartment
About the technology
• Nokia AirScale Base Station, part of Nokia's 5G FIRST end-to-end
solution, provided coverage and connectivity to the apartment block
• Nokia AirFrame offered a commercial platform to enable cloud RAN and
allow the transmission of streaming data

22. Conclusions

23. Real time optimizations
• Real-time optimizations make a measurable difference in
performance
• Virtual switch and the virtual NIC make a big difference in
performance

24. What you measure is what you get
Same tests, only difference is burst size

25. Architecture Evolution to Edge Cloud
Today
BTS Core
>20000 <10200-500
Radio
processing
Core processingEdge cloud
Target
• Radio more centralized for faster
scalability
• Core more distributed for low latency
BTS Core
>20000 <10
• Current radio is distributed
• Current core is centralized

26. Related topics
• OPNFV and OCP: Perfect Together: http://linux-
iframe.azurewebsites.net/SessionDetail.aspx?id=111988
• Avoiding VNF Starvation in Mobile Networks Using SmartNICs:
http://linux-iframe.azurewebsites.net/SessionDetail.aspx?id=112379

27. Thank You!