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What Parents
 Can Do
       April 10-12, 2012
Walt Disney World Swan Resort
Accepted Learning Objectives
1. Compare mixed-method studies that focus on
behavioral factors related to drug use and
abuse, especially among youth and
adolescents.
2. Outline proven comprehensive strategies for
combating prescription drug abuse through the
development of community partnerships.
3. Express the impact of prescription drug abuse
on families and communities through anecdotal
personal stories.
Disclosure Statement
All presenters for this session, Dr. Carol J.
Boyd, Dr. Gary Martin, and Karen Perry,
have disclosed no relevant, real or
apparent personal or professional
financial relationships.
The	
  Killer	
  Amongst	
  Us…	
  

             Drug	
  Overdose	
  
                   Dr.	
  Gary	
  Mar<n	
  
Palm	
  Beach	
  County	
  Sheriff s	
  Office/Lynn	
  University	
  
Na<onal	
  Overdose	
  Sta<s<cs	
  	
  
  27,658	
  uninten-onal	
  drug	
  poisonings	
  
  100%	
  increase	
  in	
  overdose	
  deaths	
  from	
  years	
  
   2000-­‐2006	
  
  Drug	
  overdose	
  deaths	
  	
  second	
  to	
  car	
  accidents	
  
   for	
  uninten-onal	
  injury	
  deaths	
  
Uninten<onal	
  Overdose	
  Deaths	
  
Drug	
  Related	
  Deaths	
  
  Physiological	
  
   consequences	
  
   associated	
  with	
  chronic	
  
   drug	
  use	
  
  Violence	
  	
  
  Behavioral	
  choices	
  	
  
Overdose	
  Deaths	
  
Gary Martin2
Why	
  so	
  many	
  uninten<onal	
  	
  
    poisoning	
  deaths?	
  
Combining	
  and	
  Mixing	
  Drugs	
  
  Mul-ple	
  contributable	
  
   drugs	
  found	
  in	
  majority	
  
   of	
  overdose	
  fatali-es	
  	
  

  Average	
  of	
  2.7	
  drugs	
  
   found	
  in	
  overdose	
  cases	
  
2007	
  Toxicology	
  Findings	
  
Commonly	
  Abused	
  Drugs	
  
High	
  Risk	
  Drugs	
  	
  
  Opiate	
  Pain	
  Medica-ons	
  
  Depressants/seda-ves	
  	
  
  Illicit	
  drugs	
  including	
  
   alcohol	
  
Tolerance	
  Depleted	
  
  Recently	
  released	
  prisoners	
  

  Recently	
  released	
  from	
  court	
  supervision	
  

  Recently	
  released	
  from	
  drug	
  treatment	
  

  Recently	
  released	
  from	
  hospital	
  	
  
A	
  Comprehensive	
  Response	
  
Three	
  Strategies
                                      	
  
  Law	
  Enforcement	
  

  Public	
  Awareness	
  	
  

  Quan<ta<ve	
  Research	
  
Law	
  Enforcement
                                     	
  
  Reviewing	
  each	
  overdose	
  death	
  inves-ga-on.	
  	
  
  Applying	
  all	
  relevant	
  statutes	
  to	
  the	
  circumstances.	
  
  Forwarding	
  all	
  narco-cs	
  intelligence.	
  
  19.3	
  %	
  of	
  the	
  case	
  reviews	
  generated	
  narco-cs	
  
   intelligence.	
  	
  	
  	
  
Public	
  Awareness
                                       	
  
  Forging	
  coopera-ve	
  rela-onships	
  with	
  families	
  who	
  have	
  
   lost	
  loved	
  ones	
  to	
  drug	
  overdose	
  death.	
  
  Providing	
  overdose	
  risk	
  awareness	
  programs	
  to	
  students	
  
   and	
  parents.	
  
  Designing	
  a	
  mul-media	
  public	
  service	
  	
  campaign	
  focusing	
  
   on	
  the	
  risks	
  associated	
  with	
  prescrip-on	
  drug	
  misuse	
  and	
  
   abuse.	
  
  Seeking	
  legisla-ve	
  ac-on	
  to	
  discourage	
  doctor	
  shopping	
  
   and	
  prescrip-on	
  drug	
  diversion.	
  	
  	
  
911 	
  Good	
  Samaritan	
  Legisla<on	
  
                                          	
  
  A	
  Drug	
  Overdose	
  Interven-on	
  Strategy.	
  	
  

  Offers-­‐limited	
  immunity	
  from	
  criminal	
  prosecu-on	
  
   for	
  person(s)	
  who,	
  in	
  good	
  faith,	
  seek	
  medical	
  
   aWen-on	
  during	
  a	
  drug-­‐related	
  medical	
  crisis.	
  	
  

  Intent-­‐reduce	
  the	
  number	
  of	
  drug	
  overdose	
  deaths	
  
   by	
  removing	
  the	
  fear	
  of	
  arrest	
  as	
  a	
  barrier	
  to	
  seeking	
  
   emergency	
  medical	
  assistance.	
  	
  	
  
Quan<ta<ve	
  Research	
  
  Collec-ng	
  extensive	
  demographic	
  and	
  circumstan-al	
  
   data	
  from	
  each	
  overdose	
  death	
  inves-ga-on.	
  
  Designing	
  a	
  prac-cal	
  overdose	
  death	
  database.	
  
  	
  Exposing	
  overdose	
  correla-ons	
  and	
  trends.	
  	
  
Case	
  Examina<ons
                                      	
  
    353	
  overdose	
  death	
  cases	
  
    Palm	
  Beach	
  County,	
  Florida	
  	
  
    Selected	
  by	
  chronological	
  occurrence	
  	
  
    Data	
  derived	
  from:	
  
    Police	
  and	
  paramedic	
  reports	
  	
  	
  
    Autopsy	
  and	
  toxicology	
  findings	
  
    Family	
  and	
  friend	
  interviews	
  	
  
    Medical	
  records	
  	
  	
  	
  
Gary Martin2
Gary Martin2
Decedents 	
  Average	
  Age	
  


 40.08 Years
  Age	
  breakdown	
  	
  
Gary Martin2
Gary Martin2
Gary Martin2
Gary Martin2
Gary Martin2
Overdose	
  Risk	
  Profile	
  
Demographic	
  Indicators:	
  
    White	
  
    Male	
  
    Approximately	
  40	
  years	
  old	
  
    High	
  School	
  Diploma	
  or	
  GED	
  
    Employed	
  
Overdose	
  Risk	
  Profile	
  
Sta<c	
  Indicators:	
  
    History	
  of	
  substance	
  abuse	
  
    History	
  of	
  drug	
  related	
  arrests	
  
    History	
  of	
  substance	
  abuse	
  treatment	
  
    History	
  of	
  mental	
  health	
  treatment	
  
    History	
  of	
  non	
  fatal	
  drug	
  overdose	
  
    Under	
  physician s	
  care	
  at	
  -me	
  of	
  death	
  
Overdose	
  Risk	
  Profile	
  
Circumstan<al	
  Indicators:	
  
        Died	
  at	
  home	
  
        Discovered	
  by	
  family	
  member	
  
        Last	
  act	
  is	
  sleeping	
  
        Found	
  unconscious	
  
        Others	
  present	
  at	
  death	
  scene	
  
        Other	
  recognized	
  distress	
  
        Died	
  from	
  accidental	
  mul-ple	
  drug	
  toxicity	
  
        Most	
  likely	
  combina-ons	
  are	
  alprazolam,	
  	
  
     	
  oxycodone,	
  cocaine,	
  and	
  methadone	
  
NOPE	
  Task	
  Force	
  
                 866-­‐612-­‐NOPE   	
  
Ask	
  Adam	
  (Ask	
  Ques<ons	
  Anonymously)
                                              	
  
          www.nopetaskforce.org          	
  

              Dr.	
  Gary	
  Mar<n	
  
             Mar<nG@pbso.org           	
  

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  • 1. What Parents Can Do April 10-12, 2012 Walt Disney World Swan Resort
  • 2. Accepted Learning Objectives 1. Compare mixed-method studies that focus on behavioral factors related to drug use and abuse, especially among youth and adolescents. 2. Outline proven comprehensive strategies for combating prescription drug abuse through the development of community partnerships. 3. Express the impact of prescription drug abuse on families and communities through anecdotal personal stories.
  • 3. Disclosure Statement All presenters for this session, Dr. Carol J. Boyd, Dr. Gary Martin, and Karen Perry, have disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or professional financial relationships.
  • 4. The  Killer  Amongst  Us…   Drug  Overdose   Dr.  Gary  Mar<n   Palm  Beach  County  Sheriff s  Office/Lynn  University  
  • 5. Na<onal  Overdose  Sta<s<cs       27,658  uninten-onal  drug  poisonings     100%  increase  in  overdose  deaths  from  years   2000-­‐2006     Drug  overdose  deaths    second  to  car  accidents   for  uninten-onal  injury  deaths  
  • 7. Drug  Related  Deaths     Physiological   consequences   associated  with  chronic   drug  use     Violence       Behavioral  choices    
  • 10. Why  so  many  uninten<onal     poisoning  deaths?  
  • 11. Combining  and  Mixing  Drugs     Mul-ple  contributable   drugs  found  in  majority   of  overdose  fatali-es       Average  of  2.7  drugs   found  in  overdose  cases  
  • 14. High  Risk  Drugs       Opiate  Pain  Medica-ons     Depressants/seda-ves       Illicit  drugs  including   alcohol  
  • 15. Tolerance  Depleted     Recently  released  prisoners     Recently  released  from  court  supervision     Recently  released  from  drug  treatment     Recently  released  from  hospital    
  • 17. Three  Strategies     Law  Enforcement     Public  Awareness       Quan<ta<ve  Research  
  • 18. Law  Enforcement     Reviewing  each  overdose  death  inves-ga-on.       Applying  all  relevant  statutes  to  the  circumstances.     Forwarding  all  narco-cs  intelligence.     19.3  %  of  the  case  reviews  generated  narco-cs   intelligence.        
  • 19. Public  Awareness     Forging  coopera-ve  rela-onships  with  families  who  have   lost  loved  ones  to  drug  overdose  death.     Providing  overdose  risk  awareness  programs  to  students   and  parents.     Designing  a  mul-media  public  service    campaign  focusing   on  the  risks  associated  with  prescrip-on  drug  misuse  and   abuse.     Seeking  legisla-ve  ac-on  to  discourage  doctor  shopping   and  prescrip-on  drug  diversion.      
  • 20. 911  Good  Samaritan  Legisla<on       A  Drug  Overdose  Interven-on  Strategy.       Offers-­‐limited  immunity  from  criminal  prosecu-on   for  person(s)  who,  in  good  faith,  seek  medical   aWen-on  during  a  drug-­‐related  medical  crisis.       Intent-­‐reduce  the  number  of  drug  overdose  deaths   by  removing  the  fear  of  arrest  as  a  barrier  to  seeking   emergency  medical  assistance.      
  • 21. Quan<ta<ve  Research     Collec-ng  extensive  demographic  and  circumstan-al   data  from  each  overdose  death  inves-ga-on.     Designing  a  prac-cal  overdose  death  database.      Exposing  overdose  correla-ons  and  trends.    
  • 22. Case  Examina<ons     353  overdose  death  cases     Palm  Beach  County,  Florida       Selected  by  chronological  occurrence       Data  derived  from:     Police  and  paramedic  reports         Autopsy  and  toxicology  findings     Family  and  friend  interviews       Medical  records        
  • 25. Decedents  Average  Age   40.08 Years
  • 32. Overdose  Risk  Profile   Demographic  Indicators:     White     Male     Approximately  40  years  old     High  School  Diploma  or  GED     Employed  
  • 33. Overdose  Risk  Profile   Sta<c  Indicators:     History  of  substance  abuse     History  of  drug  related  arrests     History  of  substance  abuse  treatment     History  of  mental  health  treatment     History  of  non  fatal  drug  overdose     Under  physician s  care  at  -me  of  death  
  • 34. Overdose  Risk  Profile   Circumstan<al  Indicators:     Died  at  home     Discovered  by  family  member     Last  act  is  sleeping     Found  unconscious     Others  present  at  death  scene     Other  recognized  distress     Died  from  accidental  mul-ple  drug  toxicity     Most  likely  combina-ons  are  alprazolam,      oxycodone,  cocaine,  and  methadone  
  • 35. NOPE  Task  Force   866-­‐612-­‐NOPE   Ask  Adam  (Ask  Ques<ons  Anonymously)   www.nopetaskforce.org   Dr.  Gary  Mar<n   Mar<nG@pbso.org