Anatomy of the Perfect Office Space
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This document discusses different office space layouts and their impacts on productivity and employee well-being. It notes that while open plan offices are now common, occupying 70% of American workspaces, studies have shown they reduce productivity due to loss of focus from noise and lack of privacy. Cubicles were popular in the 1960s-80s for their low-cost efficiency but also isolate workers. Color psychology research indicates purple, green and blue foster calmness while red and orange boost energy. Finally, the history of office design is reviewed from early 20th century Taylorist crowded floors to today's emphasis on networking and mobility.
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Anatomy of the Perfect Office Space
- 1. ANATOMY of the perfect OFFICE SPACE
- 2. HOME OFFICE vs. 10% 38% of US employees now regularly work from home. of employed Americans with college degrees do some or all of their work from home. HOME WORKING 13% led to performance increase 9% was from working more minutes per shift (fewer breaks and sick days) 4% from more calls per minute (attributed to a quieter working environment) Promotion rate conditional on performance fell.
- 3. COLOR PSYCHOLOGY PURPLE royalty, wealth, sophistication, exotic, spiritual, prosperity, respect, mystery YELLOW RED happiness, laughter, cheery, warmth, optimism, hunger GREEN natural, cool, growth, health, envy, tranquility, harmony ORANGE love, energy, excitement, intensity, warmth, comfort BLUE calm, serenity, wisdom, loyalty, truth love, energy, excitement, intensity, warmth, comfort WHITE purity, innocence, cleanliness, sense of space, neutrality BLACK authority, power, strength, intelligence, evil, mourning
- 4. OPEN SPACE CUBICLES vs. 70% of american employees work in open plan offices Mark Zuckerberg’s new office plan is the world’s largest open plan office.
- 5. OPEN SPACE CUBICLES vs. Productivity killers in the open office conversations machines 70 temperature ringing phones Those over 45 are more sensitive to these conditions and have a bigger (negative) effect on their productivity
- 6. OPEN SPACE CUBICLES vs. open office setups reported 62% more sick days on average than one-occupant layouts (Scandinavian Journal of Work Study) + Participants that moved into an open office plan were not only unhappy, but their team relations had broken down even more so.
- 7. OPEN SPACE CUBICLES vs. A study of 42,000 US office workers in 303 buildings concluded: Open-plan layouts are disruptive due to ! loss of privacy uncontrollable noise and were clearly outperformed by enclosed private offices.
- 8. THE OFFICE In 1980, half of new office furniture was placed in cubicle offices. CUBICLE A popular, cheap, efficient way to gather employees in one grand arena in the 1960’s. It is estimated that by 1974, cubicles accounted for 20% of new office furniture expenditures. The average office space per worker in the U.S. dropped from 250 sq ft in 2000 -TO- 190 sq ft in 2005
- 9. HISTORY OF THE OFFICE SPACE A brief history of how seating arrangements have reflected our changing attitudes toward work. 1 TAYLORISM (ca. 1904) American engineer Frederick Taylor was obsessed with efficiency and oversight and is credited as one of the first people to actually design an office space. Taylor crowded workers together in a completely open environment while bosses looked on from private offices, much like on a factory floor.
- 10. HISTORY 2 OF THE OFFICE SPACE BUROLANDSCHAFT (ca. 1960) The German "office landscape" brought the socialist values of 1950s Europe to the workplace: Management was no longer cosseted in executive suites. Local arrangements might vary by function—side-by-side workstations for clerks or pinwheel arrangements for designers, to make chatting easier—but the layout stayed undivided.
- 11. HISTORY 3 OF THE OFFICE SPACE ACTION OFFICE (ca. 1968) Bürolandschaft inspired Herman Miller to create a product based on the new European workplace philosophy. Action was the first modular business furniture system, with low dividers and flexible work surfaces. It's still in production today and widely used. In fact, you probably know Action by its generic, more sinister name: cubicle.
- 12. HISTORY OF THE OFFICE SPACE 4 CUBE FARM (ca. 1980) It's the cubicle concept taken to the extreme. As the ranks of middle managers swelled, a new class of employee was created: too important for a mere desk but too junior for a window seat. Facilities managers accommodated them in the cheapest way possible, with modular walls. The sea of cubicles was born.
- 13. HISTORY 5 OF THE OFFICE SPACE VIRTUAL OFFICE (ca. 1994) Ad agency TBWAChiatDay's LA headquarters was a Frank Gehry masterpiece. But the interior, dreamed up by the company's CEO, was a fiasco. The virtual office had no personal desks; you grabbed a laptop in the morning and scrambled to claim a seat. Productivity nose-dived, and the firm quickly became a laughingstock.
- 14. HISTORY 6 OF THE OFFICE SPACE NETWORKING (present) During the past decade, furniture designers have tried to part the sea of cubicles and encourage sociability—without going nuts. Knoll, for example, created systems with movable, semi-enclosed pods and connected desks whose shape separates work areas in lieu of dividers. Most recently, Vitra unveiled furniture in which privacy is suggested if not realized. Its large tables have low dividers that cordon off personal space but won't guard personal calls.