@openaire_eu
How OpenAIRE uses PIDs for
discovery, enrichment, and
linking of research results

OpenAIRE’s e-infrastructure Commons
2

Aggregation of Research Results
by OpenAIRE
Publications
• Article
• Preprint
• Report
• …
Datasets
• Dataset
• Collection
• Clinical Trials
• …
Software
• Research
Software
• …
Other Research
Products
• Service
• Workflow
• Interactive
Resource
• …
Institutional/
publication
repositories
Journals/
publishers
Data
repositories
Other Products
repositories
Software
repositories

Objectives of OpenAIRE’s Aggregation Policy
Content Acquisition Policy released 05-Oct-2018, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1446408

OpenAIRE accepts the metadata records
of all scientific products whose structure
respect the model and semantics as
expressed by the OpenAIRE guidelines.
This means that both Open Access and
non-Open Access material will be
included and links to other products will
be resolved where this is possible (i.e. the
provided PIDs have a resolver).
as stated in the
Content
Acquisition Policy
https://www.openaire.eu/data-aquisition-policy

Role of PIDs in OpenAIRE

Software Repositories
Catch-all Repositories
CRIS
Data Repositories
Catch-all Repositories
Institutional & thematic
repositories
RESEARCH LITERATURE
Thematic Repositories
Institutional Repositories
E-journals
RESEARCH SOFTWARE
RESEARCH DATA
RESEARCH
INFORMATION
FROM Guidelines for Data Providers
TO Guidelines for Open Science Content Providers
7
Catch-all Repositories
OTHER RESEARCH
PRODUCTS
https://guidelines.openaire.eu

● to improve interoperability of metadata information
exchange
● to support FAIR Data Principles
● by defining application profiles to describe different
kinds of research products
● by re-using existing standards (Dublin Core, DataCite)
● by extending vocabularies when necessary,
○ e.g. for PID types
OpenAIRE Guidelines Objectives

PIDs for the Resource Identifier
9
<datacite:identifier>
identifierType="DOI">
https://dx.doi.org/10.17026/dans-zr6-atf9
</datacite:identifier>
● OpenAIRE extends DataCite’s list of PID identifier types:
○ ARK
○ DOI
○ Handle
○ PURL
○ URL
○ URN

(P)IDs for Alternative Identifiers of the Resource
10
● other identifier(s) applied to the same resource, incl.
local identifiers expressed in alternate Identifier Type:
○ ARK
○ arXiv
○ bibcode
○ DOI
○ EAN13
○ ISSN
○ IGSN
○ ISTC
○ PMID
○ URN
○ ...
<datacite:alternateIdentifier>
alternateIdentifierType="URN">
urn:nbn:nl:ui:13-ef0u-oq
</datacite:alternateIdentifier>

(P)IDs for Related Identifiers to the Resource
11
● identifier(s) that are related to the registered resource, e.g. community-IDs
incl. relation type, related metadata scheme & resource type, list of related
Identifier Types includes e.g.:
○ ARK
○ arXiv
○ bibcode
○ DOI
○ EAN13
○ ISSN
○ IGSN
○ ISTC
○ PMID
○ URN
○ ...
<datacite:relatedIdentifier>
relatedIdentifierType="DOI"
relationType="isReferencedBy">
10.1186/s12910-016-0120-6
</datacite:alternateIdentifier>

PIDs for Authors & Contributors
12
<datacite:creator>
<datacite:creatorName>Wallentin, Carl‐Johan</datacite:creatorName>
<datacite:nameIdentifier
nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID"
schemeURI=“http://orcid.org">
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-9378
</datacite:nameIdentifier>
</datacite:creator>
● OpenAIRE follows DataCite’s approach of an open list
of name Identifiers, such as:
○ ORCID
○ ISNI

PIDs for Funders and Project Grants
13
<datacite:fundingReference>
<datacite:funderName>European Commission</datacite:funderName>
<fundingStream>H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions</fundingStream>
<datacite:funderIdentifier
funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">10.13039/501100000780
</datacite:funderIdentifier>
<datacite:awardNumber
awardURI="http://cordis.europa.eu/project/...">
660668
</datacite:awardNumber>
<datacite:awardTitle>ACT against AMR</datacite:awardTitle>
</datacite:fundingReference>
● to support linking of research products with related project(s) / funder(s)
● again an open list of funder Identifier types, such as:
○ Crossref Funder
○ ISNI
○ GRID

Example
related research article
PIDs
PID
Representation
in the Data Repository

● Improving the discovery and integration of
community-specific identifiers and metadata
○ e.g. DDI
● Improving the integration of DOI versioning as
supported by Zenodo
Open Issues and Next Steps

Thank you!
https://www.openaire.eu