Joint webinar FREYA and OpenAIRE: New
developments in the field of Persistent Identifiers
FREYA-WP3: New PID developments
By
Ketil Koop-Jakobsen
PANGAEA,
Bremen University
Germany
PANGAEA® Data Publisher

The FREYA project
Connected Open Identifiers for Discovery,
Access and Use of Research Resources
www.project-freya.eu | twitter: @freya_eu

FREYA in a nutshell
• FREYA = persistent identifiers
– “… To extend the infrastructure for persistent
identifiers (PIDs) as a core component of open
research, in the EU and globally. ”
• H2020 Project funded the European Commission
• Builds on THOR (which in turn built on ODIN)
• Started 1 December 2017
• www.project-freya.eu
• twitter: @freya_eu

FREYA characteristics:
FREYA works interdisciplinary
and draws on expertise from a
very diverse group of Data
repositories, Publishers, Research
institutions, PID providers and
libraries

Extended PID graph with New PIDs
New PID Types (WP3)
Sample
Data repository
Organization
Author 1
PublicationInstitution
Dataset
Software
Publication
Author 2
Author
affiliation
affiliation
funding
authorship
authorship
authorship
citation
reuse
input
Instrument
Grant
Conference

Where do we start ?
Which PID is needed the most ?
Which new PID can be expanded ?
??
?
Conference
?
?
Author
PublicationInstitution
Dataset
Software
Publication
Author
Author
affiliation
affiliation
funding
authorship
authorship
authorship
citation
reuse
input

What we do in FREYA:
FREYAs work on new PIDs assesses the state of the
art for PIDs, identifies gaps, and specifies use cases
and requirements for potential new PID types.
• Assess the current state PID landscape
New PID Types
DONE
Almost DONE
In Progress
• Identify needs for new PIDs and their requirements
• Develop prototypes for new PID services

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
Defining the PID landscape
• Determining current PID developments, existing
PIDs, PID initiatives, maturity of individual PIDs

25 entities
- Having or
needing a PID
Significant
overlap among
disciplines
Complicates
determination
of PID maturity

PID MATURITY INDEX
Deliverable 3.1
available on the
FREYA webpage
https://doi.org/10.5281/
zenodo.1324296
The Process of
identifying new PIDs
Only three entities
(researchers,
publications and data)
have services that are
deemed fully mature. The
remaining are either
emerging or immature

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
Identifying needs and requirements for new PIDs
Methods:
• Collecting Use-cases from the community
• Collecting Use-cases at conferences
• Identifying New PIDs in high demand
• Identifying requirements for the progress of new PIDs
• Matching Need and Requirements with Freya
expertise

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case?
A Use-case in
FREYA describes a
scenario, where a
PID is needed
identifying User,
Goal and Benefit
General Use-case template

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Use-case examples

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
Use-case collection:
72 Use-cases were collected in total
30 Use-cases revolved around “New PIDs”

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Research Cruises
As a funding agency, I would like to
trace the outcome of my financial
contribution to a marine research
cruise (Cruise ID) by tracking the data
generated (data-PID) and articles
(publication-PID), physical samples
taken (IGSN). I would also like to
track the future data and publications
generated from my cruise and the
samples it collected.
Image: MARUM©

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Research Cruises
As a funding agency, I would like to
trace the outcome of my financial
contribution to a marine research cruise
(Cruise ID) by tracking the data
generated (data-PID) and articles
(publication-PID), physical samples
taken (IGSN). I would also like to track
the future data and publications
generated from my cruise and the
samples it collected.

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Software
As a software author, I
want to be able to see the
citations of my software
aggregated across all
versions. so that I see a
complete picture of reuse
Image from:
https://opentextbc.ca/selfpublishguide/cha
pter/screenshots-of-software/

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Software
As a software author, I
want to be able to see the
citations of my software
aggregated across all
versions. so that I see a
complete picture of reuse
Image from:
https://opentextbc.ca/selfpublishguide/cha
pter/screenshots-of-software/

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Policy
As a research manager, I
want to have policy IDs, so
that I can easily identify
relevant policies and
assess the compatibility
between different policies.

The Process of
identifying new PIDs
services
What is a Use-case? Example: Policies
As a research manager, I
want to have policy IDs, so
that I can easily identify
relevant policies and
assess the compatibility
between different
policies.

Identifying PID needs in Use-cases
Entity Popularity
Instrument 10
data 8
article 6
person 5
Repository 5
Organisation 4
Sample 4
software 4
Grants 3
project 1
study 1
conference 1

The upcoming deliverable 3.2 will
provide detailed information on
1. Instruments
2. Repositories
3. Organizations
4. Physical samples
5. Grants
6. Software
7. Research Campaigns
8. Data management plans
9. Facilities
Of the 25 PIDs identified in the
landscape analysis 9 PIDs were
chosen for further analysis and
matched with expertise with in FREYA

1. Identify needs based in user-stories: Why do people want this PID?
2. Validate current status: What does it take to expand this PID type
3. Validate the extend of existing PIDs: Cross-disciplinary approach
4. Identifying experise: Who can move this PID-type forward
Prioritization of future
work on PIDs

Example
Physical samples
• User-stories:
1) Information about a sediment core/sample in
core repository.
2) Tracing/relocating misplaced cultural
artefacts.
3) Identifying samples of bacterial/viral/fungal
strains.
PID systems:
IGSN: Geological samples
RRID: Research resource identifiers antibodies, cell
lines, model organisms
ARTs: No universal identifiers

1. Identify needs based on user-stories: Why do people want this PID?
2. Validate current status: What does it take to expand this PID type
3. Validate the extend of existing PIDs: Cross-disciplinary approach
4. Identifying expertise: Who can move this PID-type forward
Prioritize which PIDs to move forward for
prototyping within FREYA
Prioritization of future
work on PIDs
Report will be available by the end of February

CASE-STUDY:
EXPANSION OF PANGAEA PID GRAPH
THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF PIDS FOR
PHYSICAL SAMPLES (IGSNs):
How implementation of new PIDs provide
the user with additional information
Photo: MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental
Sciences, University of Bremen; V. Diekamp
SCENARIO:
I am a Geologist interested in
sediment cores.
It has come to my knowledge that
interesting research is going on in
lakes of the French Alps.
I search PANGAEA for data and find
the work of Bajard et al 2015
What kind of information does
PANGAEAs use of PIDs provide me?

The work of Bajard et al 2015 found on
the PANGAEA webpage

Author-PID:
Data-PID:
Article PID:
PIDs:
Mature actionable PIDs available from PANGAEA

Data-
PID:
Article
PID:
PIDs
:
Author-
PID:
Sample-
PID:
The work of Bajard et al 2015 found on
the PANGAEA webpage

Conclusion:
Our use-case-oriented method gives a practical
orientation about the USERs demand for new PIDs
In particular PIDs for Instruments, Organizations,
Physical samples, Grants, Software are sought for
by the community.
Implementation of some of new PIDs will improve
the USERs access to additional information.

H2020-Project, Grant.-No.: 777523

ILLUSTRATION of PID graph
New PID Types (WP3)

25 entities
- Having or
needing a PID
Significant
overlap among
disciplines
Complicates
determination
of PID maturity

Rank maturity of PIDs for disciplines
Entity Popu
larity
EBI Datacit
e
BL DANS CERN STFC Pangaea
Instrument 10 2-3 1 1 1 1 1 2
Data 8 5 5 5 5 5 3 5
Article 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Person 5 5 5 5 5 4-5 3 4-5
Repository 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Prganisation 4 2 2 2 2 1-2 1 2
Sample 4 5 2 1 1 1 1 2-3
Software 4 2 5 1 2 5 2 1
Grants 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
project 1 2 1-2 1 2 1 1 1-2
study 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 1
conference 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Matching PID needs with FREYA expertise
Maturity Key:1 non-existent 2 nascent 3 emerging 4 in pilot 5 mature