This magazine published by Indonesia Water and Sanitation Working Group.

2. Information Media for Water Supply and Editorial 1
Environmental Sanitation
Readers' Voice 2
Published by: Headlines
Working Group for Water Supply and Sanitation AMPL Data, Is It Possible To Be Integrated? 3
Different Definition, Different Result 5
Advisor:
Director General for Urban and
Toward AMPL Data Integration 6
Rural Development, Department of Public Works Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS
Our People Are Not Aware of Data 7
Board of Trustee: Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information, Directorate General of
Director of Human Settlement and Housing,
National Development Planning Agency Republic Cipta Karya: Mutual Consensus is Necessary 8
of Indonesia Telescope
Director of Water and Sanitation, Bantul, Completely Shattered 9
Ministry of Health Emergency Sanitation 13
Director of Water Supply Development,
Department of Public Works Regulations
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006 14
Technology, Director General on Village and Interview
Community Empowerment,
Executive Director of Dana Mitra Lingkungan ( Environmental
Department of Home Affairs
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning Partner Fund): Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc:
Environment Management, Solid Waste Master Plan is a Must 15
Department of Home Affairs Reportage
Agrotourism Village In The Corner of Jakarta 20
Chief Editor:
Oswar Mungkasa Story
Solid Waste Management Under The Style of Rungkut Lor Community 22
Board of Editor: Study
Supriyanto, Johan Susmono,
Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto
Economic Review on Water Investment Effect against
Indonesian Economy 24
Editor: Program
Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana, A Glimpse on Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) 27
Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Essy Asiah,
Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti Innovation
Environmental-Friendly Incinerator 29
Design/Illustrator: Perspective
Rudi Kosasih Water Flows from State to Private 31
Production: Temporal Mystery of Hydrologic Civilization 33
Machrudin Challenge of Raw Water Supply in Drinking Water Requirement 37
Integrated (Upstream) Catchments Management for
Distribution:
People's Welfare 41
Agus Syuhada
About AMPL 45
Address: About WASPOLA 47
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat CD Info 48
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113
Book Info 49
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com Website Info 50
redaksi@ampl.or.id Agenda 51
oswar@bappenas.go.id AMPL Literature 52
Unsolicited article or opinion items
are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
accompanied by identity.
This magazine can be accessed at Water
Supply and Environmental Sanitation Website
at www.apml.or.id Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

3. E D I TO R I A L
I
SOURCE:DORMARINGAN HS
n the mid of this year, Indonesia
is exposing to number of natural
disasters. When people between
Yogyakarta and Central Java was
haunted by eruption of Merapi vol-
canic, they were suddenly stung by 5.9
Richter earthquake. About 6,000 peo-
ple died and hundreds of thousands
lost houses.
While handling impact of disaster
was not finished, another one came.
Blowout of hot mud flooded many
areas in Sidoarjo, East Java. Again,
people became victim of mishandling
oil exploration. Although it didn't take
victim, people should evacuate from
their settlement to avoid stinking
thick flood of mud. About 3,000 peo-
ple were evacuated, tens of hectares of
rice fields were inundated and eco-
nomic wheel was restricted because
mud blocked the roadways. Mud has Pokja AMPL-WASPOLA booth was crowded with visitors.
not been overcome and suddenly new
mud came. With regard to this, in this time otherwise we will be exposed to a
Again, we were stabbed by big Percik will take a look to emergency horrible 'ghost' of waste.
flood striking eight regencies in South situation in Bantul aftermath. The In the headline, we invite you to
Sulawesi. Almost 200 people died and regency lying in the south of see discussion about AMPL data. It is
145 others were disappeared. Yogyakarta is chosen because this is fact that we have abundant data in the
Hundreds of houses were destroyed the region with severest damage and same sector. Each institution has its
by flood that suddenly struck while taking most tolls. We will certainly see own data and criteria and this results
people were sleeping. Wave of how water and sanitation condition in in overlapping. Whose data is right?
refugees was running again. It seems the region is. We hope we could learn Nobody knows. Why does it happen?
that government was out of fund for from the lesson, especially in pre- This condition will clearly affect
the disaster. paring disaster response plan in the development planning in the future as
What happen to our country may water and sanitation sector. well as accurate assessment of the
indicate miserable portrait of our In interview column, we will pre- development performance.
environment. In addition, we see sent "the queen of waste", Sri Dear readers, in the mid of uncer-
there is no adequate solution for such Bebassari to discuss out current waste tain condition, we involve with envi-
condition whereas we should be pre- condition and what we will do in the ronmental exhibition in the Jakarta
pared regarding we are living in the future. This issue is important Convention Hall. Alhamdulillah,
potentially hazardous region. As because we are being in the emer- many visitors welcomed us in Pokja
result, we can only rely on God and gency situation of waste. Case of AMPL-WASPOLA booth. Tens of visi-
hope His Mercy that we will be pro- Bandung city can be precedent for tors subscribed to Percik and dis-
tected from other next calamities and poor management of urban waste, cussed about AMPL sector. We hope
apologize for all our mischief to His and the same may take place in the this communication will go continu-
earth. On the other side, let's give other cities. It needs much more ously.
hand to our brothers! attention from the stakeholders, or Regards.
Percik June 2006 1

4. READERS' VOICE
Column of Technology (local clinic) to make a move toward Babat Village, a village of Lembak
Free Open Defecation by using CLTS Sub-district that has been successfully
Thank you for sending us the method. On 4-7 July 2005, CLTS free open defecation, in order to
newest edition of Percik, April 2006. training was held in Muara Enim Sub- enhance their perspective and moti-
This journal is good and informative. district facilitated by three personnel vate their actions. They have their
I suggest you to highlight own strategy to follow up
reportage about experiences in SOURCE:AGUSTINE SIAHAAN commitment made in the vil-
the developing countries in lage by establishing small
line with water and sanitation, groups.
either in community or urban Each village is in the com-
scale. There should be also co- petition to declare their vil-
lumn of appropriate technolo- lage free open defecate, and
gy application, from the exis- even the small groups estab-
ting technologies taught by lished in the village also fol-
our ancestors, for example low competition to finish la-
waterwheel in West Sumatera, trine construction that is on
until advanced ones, and ex- the account of their respec-
plain how to apply them, res- tive group. Tanjung Tiga vil-
trictions, and how they are lage is even willingly to post-
addressed with the current sci- pone the “ngetam” (rice har-
ence and technology. including 2 sanitarians and I myself. vest) to make latrine, which is realized
Good luck. Then, We organize CLTS training on for two weeks. Some villages are even
Max Pohan 8-11 February for all Puskesmas avail- out of latrine stock in the store.
Expert Staff of Minister of National able in Lembak. And from the trai- Since CLTS is implemented for 5
Planning and Development ning, a CLTS team was established weeks, there have been 1,097 units of
In the field of Development Monitoring consisting of ten personnel and we additional latrine with latrine users being
call it "Triggering and Drive Team for 1,956 families. Some villages that have
We have always presented co- Change", and this team establishes a just been triggered for few days have
lumn of technology. Thank you for work plan to follow up the training. added their latrine. From the result of our
suggestion. (Editorial) Formerly, we also conduct CLTS monitoring until 4 April 2006, latrine
socialization in several events such user increases from 37.41% to 62.95%.
Toward Free Open sub-district coordinating meeting We usually conduct triggering out-
Defecation attended by Head of Sub-district, sub- side working hours in the afternoon.
district staff, heads of institutions, all Besides, we always make revisit to see
Lembak Sub-district is located in heads of villages of Lembak sub-dis- their progress and record their work.
Muara Enim Regency of South trict, and then PKK meeting and vil- We hope this writing will be useful
Sumatera Province consisting of 18 lage midwife. for readers and motivate us, especial-
villages and having population of Afterward, we make triggering to ly health personnel, to care of people
about 29,306 individuals or 7,531 all villages of Puskesmas Lembak in their respective work area. We do
families. Many people earn living areas everyday from 22 February not find any difficulties in facilitation;
from rubber plantation. Sanitation is 2006 - 31 March 2006. And every the important thing is strong commit-
insufficient. People who have and use Saturday, villages that have been trig- ment and will.
family latrine are only 2,818 families gered in that week are invited to
attend the meeting held in Puskesmas Drg. P. Agustine Siahaan
or about 37.41% of total families with Head of Puskesmas
latrine of 2,308 units throughout Lembak in order to conclude village
Lembak Sub-district of Muara
Lembak Sub-district. agreement, show movie of CLTS deve- Enim Regency
This condition urges Puskesmas lopment in India, Bangladesh and South Sumatera Province
2 Percik June 2006

5. HEADLINES
ILLUSTRATION BY www.rudikoz.com
Water and Sanitation Data
Is It Possible
To Be Integrated?
G
ood developmental gover- be based on accurate and accountable achievement, what has been imple-
nance is indicated by trans- data. As consequence, the need for mented, what has not, which part has
parency, accountability and accountable data is a must. Use of ac- not covered by the development. With
community participation. Develop- curate and up to date data will data, we can measure how far the
ment plan is implemented based on encourage efficient and effective development has achieved the given
baseline data, development trend, de- development. target. As control, data may indicate
mand projection, and resources allo- In general, data provides three effectiveness of an activity.
cation. major functions, namely as informa- Besides function, data plays
Article 31 of Law No. 25 of 2004 tion source, measuring tool, and com- important role in the planning until
regarding National Planning System parative tool. As information source, measurement of development achie-
stated that development plan should data can present development vement as decision supporting system
Percik June 2006 3

6. HEADLINES
and control to prevent mistake recur- rent number for the same category or ping is found anywhere. Different de-
rence and program repetition, and target group. finition in the institution and commu-
support implementation of transpa- This is understandable consi- nity level continues to occur. Very
rent, accountable and participatory dering that each institution will focus often, AMPL facility is not surveyed
government. on achieving target of development accurately in the community level
Seeing the role of development implemented by the relevant institu- because it is defined differently.
data, its availability is the key to suc- tion. Such different data is also caused Community perception is different
cessful development. Imagine how the by different definition, variable cate- from surveyor's causing the same
decision can be taken without eligible gorization, data collection method, facility is put on the different data.
supporting data as basis for the deci- and reliability of human resources Different data also occurs due to dif-
sion making. It is sure that the result that process and manage the data. ferent technical criteria on facility and
will be different from expectation or Such various data cannot certainly infrastructure.
even unsuitable at all. be integrated simply. On the other
In the developing countries, deve- side, development data must be avail- Future Challenge
lopment database receives important able. Solution is by using data issued Unavailability of standard data re-
attention. Data system applied by Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) flecting real condition of AMPL sector
enables availability of all data as as the authorized data-issuing agency. and as reference for all stakeholders is
required. Such condition will allow This AMPL data is collected based on clearly unbeneficial from development
efficient and effective implementation result of National Social Economic and outsider's view. This indicates lack of
of development. Survey (SUSENAS). The SUSENAS good governance. Therefore, synergy
data is used as reference, especially to among stakeholders and between stake-
AMPL Data in Indonesia evaluate MDGs achievement. holders and BPS should be established.
Indonesia which has been inde- Availability of AMPL data in BPS Many things can be done together
pendent since 1945 should have is very limited. Why? Because AMPL such as making comparative analysis on
detailed development database. data has not been considered special- how to define, collect and aggregate the
However the fact tells different. ly treated variable comparable to current AMPL sector. It is also important
Development data system is un- other sectors such as agriculture or that the stakeholders re-identify category
suitable with expectation. Until today, rice sale survey. In SUSENAS, scope of AMPL data required either in national
numbers of development data is still of questions for this sector is also li- or locals level for synchronization with
difficult to access. If any, it is often mited. For example, no BPS data SUSENAS, which is conducted by BPS,
insufficient. Unsurprisingly, the data available on how many eligible bore and identify stakeholders' role and res-
cannot be analyzed as basis for deci- well, minimum 10 meter from septic ponsibility for AMPL data management.
sion making. tank. This survey only highlights glo- The equally important thing is to bu-
This fact also covers water and bal issues. ild mutual consensus among AMPL sta-
sanitation (AMPL) sector, whereas Unavailability of detailed data keholders in the classifying, collecting
development in this sector has existed encourages relevant institution out- and managing the AMPL data especial-
comprehensively and systematically side BPS to make more particular sur- ly for baseline data and MDGs moni-
since PELITA I. However, the deve- vey. Therefore, each institution toring. Here, stakeholders should meet
lopment of physical facilities is not adopts method considered suitable together and discuss the matter. It is
followed by integrated data collection. with data required. ideal that local government also partici-
Many relevant institutions issue the Unfortunately, during data survey, pates in the discussion because it is the
AMPL data. For example, Ministry of coordination among institutions and central point of data collection in the
Health, Ministry of Public Work, or between those institutions and BPS local level. It is the local government
Ministry of Home Affairs has its own competent surveyor has not been who recognizes AMPL data in its region
data. As result, there would be diffe- established as expected. Data overlap- and verifies data issued by BPS. MJ
4 Percik June 2006

7. HEADLINES
Different Definition,
Different Result
D
efinition plays important Table 2
role in the data collection. Water Service Coverage according to Different Institution
Different definition will pro- Data Area 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source
duce totally different result. The- Issuance
refore, establishment of the same de- UNICEF Urban 87,3 89,1 90,8 90,8 91,7 90,1 90,6 91,4 SUSENAS
finition will be first and main thing to Rural 57,4 61,5 65,7 67,3 67,7 68,7 67,0 68,5
Total 67,7 71,4 75,0 76,4 77,1 78,2 77,2 78,7
do before data collection, or other-
WHO Urban 52,6 54,4 72,8 55,2 55,5 61,4 SUSENAS
wise, the result will be different one Rural 34,3 35,9 40,8
30,8 45,2 35,6 calculation for
another. This is the thing that goes in Total 38,5 41,5 55,4 43,1 43,4 50,0 MDG'S
the presentation of water and sanita- Public Urban 43,0 51,7 DGURD, PU
tion (AMPL) data in Indonesia so far. Works Rural
Total 51,7
Table 1 presents example of diffe-
PERPAMSI Urban 36,8 PERPAMSI
rent definitions in the water sector to
Directory Rural
distinguish between good and bad Total 36,8
category according to Indonesian BPS Urban 63,6 62,2 BPS
MDGs monitoring report and BPS. (non piping)
water source because its distribution monitor MDGs achievement of hou-
Table 1 is totally different although coming sing and settlement sector in the glo-
Category of clean water according from the same source. It is more dis- bal level. Besides, such different defi-
to different statistical reports
tinct in considering the unprotected nition also occurs in the community
level. Such difference pertains to per-
PROTECTED CLEAN WATER UNPROTECTED CLEAN WATER
ception between community and sur-
Indonesian MDGs BPS Indonesian MDGs BPS
veyor. This allows the same facility
Report Report
put in the different data cluster.
1. Pipeline system 1. Pipeline system 1. Cart 1. Mineralized water In addition to definition issue,
2. Public hydrant 2. Bore well 2. Mineralized water (including refill) there is a different method used by
3. Bore well 3. Protected well 3. Water from 2. Unprotected well each institution according to service
4. Protected well 4. Protected spring tank truck 3. Unprotected spring provider point of view. Table 2 pre-
5. Protected spring 5. Rain water 4. Unprotected well 4. River sents one example of unsynchronized
6. Rain water 5. Unprotected spring 5. Others (lake, pond, etc.) data of various institutions.
Data in the table 2 indicates
The abovementioned table high- water sources. In this category, BPS UNICEF and WHO collecting data from
lights the protected water sources, includes river into the unprotected SUSENAS but with significantly diffe-
where MDGs considers public hy- source, while MDGs does not and in rent number. Which one is correct?
drant the protected water sources, the contrary includes water from Certainly all the data is correct
while BPS does not. It is possible that handcart into it. because it is based on its own argu-
BPS considers hydrant part of Definition used by the data source mentation. The question, is such dif-
pipeline system because it takes water is also not suitable with definition of ference remaining to be perpetuated?
from the pipeline. Whilst, MDGs con- improved and unimproved water and In respect of data, there should be
siders public hydrant an independent sanitation, which is currently used to integration. (MJ/GUS)
Percik June 2006 5

8. HEADLINES
Toward AMPL Data Integration
D
ata integration should be up) consisting of AMPL stakeholders analysis in the form of AMPL
inevitably conducted by all establishes a program to realize the data management study in each
AMPL stakeholders in view objective. This program consists of Technical Department
of its urgency. Of course the process is various components such as: 3. Socialization in the local level re-
not so simple. Each stakeholder 1. Proposition of data change in garding importance of AMPL da-
should eliminate 'individual', overlap- SUSENAS-BPS tabase compilation as matter of
ping and unorganized data manage- This component includes ac- MDGs achievement monitoring
ment. tivities such as serial meeting, This component includes:
For more integrated and reliable workshop, proposition process, To communicate importance of
data management, there should be a implementation of the proposed data management for the region
number of steps such as making com- change in 2007 SUSENAS-BPS in each implementation of other
parative analysis on how to define, work; AMPL programs
collect and aggregate the current 2. Development of synergic network To monitor and evaluate imple-
AMPL sector, mainly by BPS and rele- in the data management among mentation of AMPL data manage-
vant institutions. It is also important AMPL stakeholders ment in the local level
that the stakeholders re-identify cate- This component includes: To facilitate region in the data
gory of AMPL data required either in Consolidation of data and infor- management
national or locals level for synchro- mation including results of stu- These programs are supported by
nization with SUSENAS, which is con- dies conducted by stakeholders all parties concerning with AMPL
ducted by BPS, and identify stake- for compilation, categorization, data development such as Bappenas,
holder's role and responsibility for interchange, and publication BPS, Ministry of Public Work,
AMPL data management. The process (books, CDs, website) Ministry of Home Affairs, and State
will inevitably require participation of Consolidation of AMPL data ma- Ministry for Environment. Interna-
all stakeholders, which aims to build nagement program from each tional agencies also participate such
mutual consensus for the issue. stakeholder as UNICEF, and AusAID through
Besides, Local Government also Grand design of AMPL data ma- WASPOLA program. Upon support of
has significant role. It should proac- nagement, from comparative these stakeholders, we hope that
tively recognize the AMPL ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH AMPL data manage-
data under its territory. ment will be imple-
Thereby, AMPL data ma- mented integrally and
nagement will become sy- holistically but remain
nergic network with good effective and efficient.
horizontal or vertical con- Indeed, the result is
nection. Through the pro- still vague. But, from
cess, we expect that data activities involving the
management will be effec- stakeholders, we are
tive, efficient, and remains about to feel atmos-
achievable and reasonable. phere toward AMPL
data integration. We
First Step hope that the AMPL
During period of 2006, data integration will
Pokja AMPL (Water and come true.
Sanitation Working Gro- (GUS/MJ)
6 Percik June 2006

9. HEADLINES
Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS, Ahrizal Manaf
Our People Are Not Aware of Data
H ow is data management
concept in the National
Statistics System?
SOURCE: EXCLUSIVE service for data demand, namely
through Directorate of Statistical
Dissemination in cooperation with
The concept is to establish an relevant BPS organization unit.
order consisting of regularly related Whilst for external BPS, it is recog-
elements to form total statistical nized that there are many things that
implementation. As we recognize that must be done to overcome the "over-
statistical agencies include Central lapping" issue. So far, BPS has made
Bureau of Statistics (BPS) that issues efforts by inviting relevant institu-
baseline statistics, government insti- tions for cooperation prior to statisti-
tution (sectoral) that issues sectoral cal work. For example, BPS invites
statistics and community that issues some relevant institutions in an
special-purpose statistics. To create interdepartmental meeting to prepare
totality in the statistical implementa- National Social Economic Survey
tion, coordination among the three (SUSENAS) and socializes the results
agencies is necessary in terms of plan- through seminar, etc. Besides, BPS
ning, collection, and/or analysis of How can BPS effectively sends Sectoral Statistical Survey
statistical data, which can lead to implement the role and what is Notification Form (FS3) to the rele-
homogeneity of concept, definition, restriction? vant institutions to complete as per
classification, and measures in order The most important thing BPS available questions on statistical work
to produce complete, accurate, and up should do is to socialize Law No. 16 of conducted by the institution. BPS
to date statistical data as well as avoid 1997 regarding Statistics and then conducts, scrutinizes and evalu-
duplication. Government Regulation No. 51 of ates the proposed survey design for
1999 regarding statistical implemen- recommendation granted to the rele-
How can you explain BPS role tation to all statistics-related persons, vant institution. If recommendation is
in the national statistical data including community as respondent. not granted, the institution is not
management? Restriction encountered is that people allowed to conduct statistical work.
BPS role is to be center for statisti- are less aware of importance of com-
cal reference. It means that each sta- plete, accurate and up to date data so How far is response of sec-
tistical work made either by govern- that it affects quality of data produced toral department to these BPS
ment institution or community from statistical work. efforts?
should be informed of its planning by So far, response of relevant institu-
following recommendation provided Presentation of statistical tions is good by attending activities held
by BPS and delivering the result to BPS. number is often "overlapping", by BPS. However, Sectoral Statistical
In this respect, government institution either issued by technical (sec- Survey Notification Form (FS3) is insuf-
or community is allowed to make its toral) department or by BPS. ficient. Institution that routinely
own statistics. However, such as activity What has BPS done for solution? responds to BPS efforts is Bank Indo-
should involve BPS if it is conducted by For internal BPS, Insya Allah such nesia. Thus, recommendation that BPS
means of census or covering population "overlapping" will not be found always issues is automatically for Bank
in the national level. because BPS implements one-stop Indonesia. (GUS/MJ)
Percik June 2006 7

10. HEADLINES
Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information,
Directorate General of Human Settlement, Ministry of Public Work, Dwityo A. Soeranto
Mutual Consensus is Necessary SOURCE:EXCLUSIVE
H ow is data and information
management concept in
the Directorate General of Hu-
provider. Some applications
cannot be used via network
because they have different
supposed to make it.
What efforts having
man Settlement? platforms; thirdly, hardware. been taken to bridge the
Before reestablishment of Direc- Hardware procurement is difference?
torate General of Human Settlement, not coordinated adequately. There should be consen-
there were applications of data mana- Hardware upgrading less an- sus among relevant institu-
gement. Organizational structure of, ticipates demand for load, tions and who is responsible
formerly Directorate General of TPTP, speed, and capacity of data for what data. We have
was divided into areas and the each storage; fourthly, Human Resources. made this with BAPPENAS and BPS
area was subdivided into sectors. Our human resources have not been for AM and PLP data. We meet
Each directorate referred to data ready for change in information together to unite our perception, defi-
required as per work scope by using technology. IT minded has not been nition, indicators, variables, and pro-
different method of data collection, entrenched in our daily activities. cedure of data collection as per BPS
depending on available fund and col- standard and thus data validity is
lection time. There was no optimum How to address such restric- granted. BPS is the competent autho-
integration. Since reestablishment of tions? rity for publication of the national
Directorate General of Human Set- We are preparing Master Plan of data. We, together with BAPPENAS
tlement in 2005, it has Subdit of Data and Management Information System (RI and BPS, will conduct tryout this year
Information under Directorate of Pro- SIM). We hope the master plan will be and will arrange SUSENAS in 2007.
gram Development that holds responsi- accomplished in the end of this year and
ble for data collection and management it will be socialized to all stakeholders How far relationship between
as well as progress report of development about development plan in the future. Ministry of Public Work and BPS
under Human Settlement. Thank God in this National Statistical System?
that in the 2005-2009 Strategic Plan of Very often, sectoral data issued Until 2005, we have established
Ministry of Public Work, Data Ma- by another institution is different. cooperation with BPS in the settlement
nagement and Information Dissemi- How do you comment this? data and information collection. At the
nation become priority of development. Well, we must see the background. time being, Directorate General of Hou-
It is like in our work unit. Each insti- sing and Settlement was existed. Starting
What are restrictions encoun- tution collects data as per demand 2006, such function is taken over by
tered in the data management? and interest. In this case, we will see Directorate General of Human Settle-
If we look back, especially in the which is the up to date, and whether ment. Today, rearrangement of questi-
last 1 year, there were so many restric- the issuing institution has competen- ons for SUSENAS 2007 is being conduc-
tions, at least there were four restric- cy to do so. ted pertaining to AM and PLP in coope-
tions: firstly, data. Maintenance of the ration with BAPPENAS and BPS. We
existing data is insufficient and rarely What possibly causes such hope this will continue in the future con-
backed up. Procedural bypass is often difference? sidering that data collected should be
conducted in data retrieval so that the As I told you that it is due to different time-series and we are fully recognize
file will be blown up; secondly, appli- interest and purpose of each institution. that BPS is highly competent in conduc-
cation. So far, any third party that ma- Sometimes any institution publishes ting data survey and management which
kes many applications does not deli- data without considering function of will be reference for us to implement
ver program and code sources to data another competent institution that is the prescribed policy. (MJ/GUS)
8 Percik June 2006

11. TELESCOPE
Good Water, Open Defecation
ous regions to clean the ruins were not
NOBODY KNOWS. EVERYTHING GOES SO QUICKLY. HOUSES
doing anything but only parked in the
RUINED IN FEW SECOND. ABOUT 6,000 LIVES WERE DEAD. office of Cipta Karya Service. People
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS PEOPLE LOST HOUSES. didn't want to have their houses cleaned
BANTUL REGENCY WAS THE REGION WITH SEVEREST because they heard statement of Vice
CONDITION. YOGYAKARTA AND THE VICINITY ARE GRIEVING. President Yusuf Kalla that earthquake
victims will be granted Rp. 10-30 million
I
t was 05.53 hrs local time. Many situation, accident was unavoidable and per house depending severity. They
Yogya people and the vicinity were caused injury to some people. And fortu- wanted to clean the ruins after data sur-
still at home having their breakfast nately rumor of tsunami was not evident. vey has finished.
before they left for work. Suddenly, earth People went back. Some were grateful In emergency situation, they referred
shook dreadfully. Earthquake was com- because their houses only damaged staying under emergency tents. Not like
ing. Data from Meteorology and slightly whilst many other should shed in Aceh where refugees were concen-
Geophysical Agency indicated 5.9 at tears because they lost some of their trated in the shelters, Yogya people and
Richter scale. People were topsy-turvy beloved families and houses. the vicinity referred staying around their
run out of the house to save their life. In day five after disaster, ruins of ruined houses. They built temporary
Some were left hit by collapsed houses. houses still heaped in place. They didn't shelters by using tents and iron sheeting.
Many of them were dead and injured. want to put aside the ruins first. Most of Some of them even stayed in the open air
Panic covered the area right after them only thought how to get food, upon reason that they wanted to care for
earthquake because rumor of tsunami which was not distributed well until a their goods; moreover rumor of theft was
was blowing up. People run away toward week after disaster. The remote areas prevalent. Unsurprisingly, they suspec-
north. Roads from Bantul (in south) to were very apprehensive because of lack ted everyone who visited their location
Yogyakarta were crowded by vehicles of foods and drugs. without identity or just to take a look to
and the running people and in this messy Some excavators coming from vari- available ruins.
Percik June 2006 9

12. TELESCOPE
A big pamphlet was saying "Kami bukan Table of Total Victims and Damage Caused by Earthquake
tontonan" (We're not the object of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta Special Region
watch), or "Ini bukan daerah wisata
VictimVictim Kerusakan (RumahResident)
Damage (Public Penduduk) Fasilitas Facility
General Umum
gempa" (This is not an earthquake tour). Lokasi
Location Serious Minor Collapse Mayor Minor Praying Place School Government Bank
Family Individual Death Serious
Injury Lk Injury
Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah
Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan
AMPL Condition Bantul Reg.
Bantul 223.117 779.287 4.143 8.673 3.353 71.763 71.372 73.669 236 401 268
Sleman Reg.
Sleman 95.865 364.258 243 689 2.539 19.113 27.687 49.065 2 159 281
In general, water in the affected area Yogyakarta City
Yogyakarta 48.808 205.625 204 245 73 7.186 14.561 21.230 22 144 104
is still adequate. People's bore wells are Kulon Progo Reg.
Kln. Progo 19.090 74.976 23 282 1.897 4.527 5.178 8.501 1 20 110 11 177 123 39 57
usable although they have to be cleaned Gunung Kidul Reg.
Gng. Kidul 43.042 179.631 84 1.086 0 12.581 5.950 18.178 307 11 135 280 120
Total 429.922 1.603.777 4.697 18.837 7.862 115.170 124.748 170.643 1 20 653 282 1.016 1.056 120 39 57
from ruins. Meanwhile, people changed
to bail water from the wells.
Central Java
Head of RT 8/13 Kanubayan hamlet,
Victim
Trirenggo village, Bantul Sub-district of Lokasi
Location Family Individual
Korban
Death Serious Minor
Kerusakan (RumahResident)
Damage (Public Penduduk)
Collapse Mayor Minor Praying Place
Fasilitas Facility
General Umum
School Government Bank
KK Jiwa Meninggal Lk Berat
Injury Lk Injury
Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah
Bantul Regency, Karyadi explained that Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan Collapse
Roboh Mayor
Berat Minor
Ringan
water does not matter. However, because Kab. Klaten 1.045 18.127 29.988 62.979 98.552 46 230 22 76 430 439
Kab. Magelang 1.318 5.108 10 386 386 546 1 20 54 56 36 60
electricity was cut off, they should bail
Kab. Boyolali 4 300 307 696 708 2 1
water from the wells, whilst they usually Kab. Sukoharjo 3 67 51 1.808 2.475 27 45 6 14 7
used water pump. Kab. Wonogiri 0 4 17 12 74 25
Kab. Purworejo 1 4 10 214 780 26 87
It was different in RT. 02 Sawungan
Total 1.318 5.108 1.063 18.502 30.759 66.095 103.136 47 303 208 163 482 507
hamlet, Sumbermulyo village, Bambang-
Total DIY&Jateng 431.240 1.608.885
1,608.885 5.760 37.339 145.929 190.843 273.779 653 329 1.319 1.264 283 521 564
lipuro Sub-district of Bantul Regency, Source: Yogyakarta Special Region Center News, June 17, 2006
well water was slightly odor and turbid
but usable. "Not too bad, we can still use ciding with houses collapse. In Bantul
the water", said Sukindro, one of local area in particular, bathrooms and closets
people while pointing wall ruins that fell
In general, were built attaching to houses. Such con-
into well. water in the affected dition has changed people behavior in
In RW 39 Derman, Sumbermulyo area is still adequate. defecation. They were again to defecate
Village of Bambanglipuro Sub-district of People's bore wells are openly.
Bantul, the damaged houses reached usable although they have River became choice. "By chance,
90%. Their 90% well pump didn't work. we're close to Winongo and Kalisoro
to be cleaned
"We have water deficit here," said Head Rivers. The water is running. It is emer-
of RW, Suwandi DS.
from ruins.
gency, isn't it? What can we do then with
Water is available for drinking and Meanwhile, people grounded bathrooms and closets," said
cooking, but is not sufficient for bathing changed to bail water Suwandi. According to him, he and other
twice as usual. "Now we take a bath only from the wells. people understand that sanitation is sub-
once and still have to wait until night stantial, but all to do now is rescue.
because bathing location is unclosed," "I just think about sanitation after day
said Sukindro. eight. But it's just thinking, I don't know
This water issue has been paid atten- regions. Public hydrants were also whether or not it is done," said the for-
tion. One unit of water treatment truck deployed in 25 water-sensitive points. mer member of Local Parliament.
as result of cooperation between Direc- UNICEF was to provide 50 public "Morning becomes a trend; in the
torate General of Human Settlement, hydrants and hundreds gallons of water. dawn people are going to river," said
ALPI ITB and Kodam III Siliwangi was Water was then sufficient although not Sukindro. People didn't want to defecate
deployed to produce clean water. meeting standard. around the ruins. "People here are
Distribution was undertaken by vo- However, the main problem was sa- ashamed of defecation around the house.
lunteers from the institution of other nitation. Closets were destroyed coin- At least, only children will do it," he said
10 Percik June 2006

13. TELESCOPE
while pointing a river ranging about 200 Meanwhile, Waste Water Treatment struction and rehabilitation, there
m from village. Plant (IPAL) Yogyakarta located in should be reliable personnel in the field
Besides involuntariness, it was Sewon, Bantul seemed to be safe. Only of sanitation, surveillance and nutrition.
caused by trauma. This is what felt by roads around the IPAL were cracked. It All to do is guiding the people because
people in Pajimatan hamlet, Girirejo vil- is likely that the crack also took place in they are willingly to participate. They
lage, Imogiri Sub-district of Bantul. "I the bottom area of the plant. However, it also have great motivation for revival.
encourage people to defecate in the river, is difficult to prove because IPAL cannot Some of them are even committed to be
because they're still afraid of earthquake. be stopped of operation. So far, people free from subsidy. (Mujiyanto, based on
I myself go to the river for that purpose," living around the plant didn't have any monitoring on days 4 and 6 after disas-
said Abdul Gani, LPMD advisor of the complaint of waste water seepage into ter).
village. In this area, people also used their wells. (Mujiyanto, by virtue of
public bath available in Imogiri bus sta- In the future, during recovery, recon- the 4-6th day review of after disaster)
tion but the capacity is not sufficient.
Such behavior caused problem. Until
1 June 2006 (day five after disaster), all
hospitals and health coordinating posts
reported to have treated diarrhea YUDI INDARTO,
patients, either adults or children. Administration Director of PDAM, Bantul Regency
Diarrhea attack has been predicted
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
before. This is most likely to available Not maximal, but at least they
due to poor sanitation and open dumped can produce again. As I say that it's
waste that invites the pest. The available due to electricity cut off, and the
bathing facility is insufficient. Besides second factor is interrupted distri-
diarrhea, other predicted diseases bution. So far, the damaged distri-
include ISPA (respiratory infection) and bution lines are about 10%. Unsur-
smallpox among children. prisingly, water is still turbid in
Emergency closets were not available some locations because there may
although they have been initiated. For be leakage. We are always attemp-
example, Government of DKI Jakarta ting to fix it.
sent several units of public toilet that
were deployed in the field of Trirenggo
village, Bantul, just in front of Regent's
C an you explain condition
of PDAM Bantul due to
earthquake last Saturday?
How many consumer are
interrupted of water distribu-
official house as Posko Satkorlak daerah tion?
PDAM Bantul provides 12 water
(Local Taskforce Coordinating Post). About 2,000 of 11,500 con-
systems located in several sub-dis-
This quantity was very insufficient com- sumers of PDAM Bantul. It should
tricts. From the amount, eight sys-
pared to the affected area. be understood that most of Bantul
tems have been operated on day 5
Solid Waste, in emergency situation, people live in the village and get
(Wednesday/7/6), while 4 other ha-
has not been paid attention. It is sure water from bore wells and pumps.
ve not. There is still a trouble. The
that debris will be abundant. Such debris Water here is so clean and shallow.
suspended ones are available in
was not removed at all because it
Dlingo, Trimulyo, Srandakan, and
required so many personnel. Some vic- How can PDAM anticipate
Plandak. The cause is electricity cut
tims' families from outside the area spe- this emergency condition, es-
off.
cially came to clean the debris. Amount pecially for the consumers?
of houses removed of debris were so We provide public hydrants.
Have the operating ones
small. Some people used the ruin to Until now we have provided 50 pub-
been normal?
rebuild their houses.
Percik June 2006 11

14. TELESCOPE
lic hydrants for refuge coordinating
dr. SITI NOOR ZAENAB, MKes,
posts. One public hydrant has capacity Head of Health Service of Bantul Regency
of 3,000 liters. These are not only for
our consumers but also for other peo- How long will this emer-
ple. The hydrants are supplied from gency situation persist?
water treatment plants (IPA) by using About 10 days.
18 units of tank trucks.
What is the next plan
Is the available Public Hy- afterward?
drant adequate? We have anticipated that dis-
No, it isn't. Ideally, there should be eases will prevail following the
minimum 150 units of public hy- disaster due to poor sanitation.
drants. However, we admit that we ha- This possibly happens because
ve many weaknesses. many sanitary facilities were da-
maged so that people defecate in
What do you mean? the open areas. Thus, we're
We get no fund for the allocation.
We're still making proposal and we don't C an you explain condition
of health service in
Bantul Regency?
starting to make spraying for pest
(flies) control. We also encourage
people to be aware of defecation.
know when the fund can be disbursed. On
the other side, we also sustain the inci- Today, whole Puskesmas ser- We keep coordinating with any
dent. Almost 80% of our personnel are vice is collapse. This is because relevant institutions for water
suffering. One of them was dead, Sarjono. almost 65% Puskesmas were supply to meet people demand.
The operational is practically disrupted. It destroyed or damaged so that they
should be aware of, current operation is cannot be used to serve the peo- What diseases have been
conducted by external parties such as per- ple. detected?
sonnel of other PDAMs that served as They include respiratory ins-
driver, IPA operators, etc. We have not How is the service ren- pection (ISPA), dermatitis, diar-
actually been recovered, but we should dered to the affected victims? rhea, trachoma, and ear-nose-
open from the morning until 21.00 hrs. Currently we've got medical throat (THT) disease.
aids as much as 500 general prac-
Talking about electricity, is titioners and 50 specialists plus What actions do you take
PDAM Bantul not having its own 1,000 nurses complete with medi- following emergency situation?
power plant? cine. We also receive field hospi- We want Puskesmas operate
We have only one unit of mobile tal. Thank God that RSUD again. We want the damaged
genset so that it cannot be applied be- (Emergency Hospital) is still func- Puskesmas building rebuilt soon-
cause everything needs electric. So, we tioning. There are three field hos- er. This is very important. Be-
wait for electric power from PLN. pitals with capacity 100 beds, res- sides, we're establishing coopera-
pectively. The hospitals are avail- tion with Public Work Service to
What is urgent for PDAM able in Dwiwindu field, RS PKU reconstruct sanitary facilities for
Bantul? Muhammadiyah, and RS Panem- the affected persons.
In such emergency situation, we bahan Senopati. We'll immediate-
need human resources. Besides, we ly send the ill people to the field Is there any aid needed?
need tank truck for water distribution. hospital. All services are free of From medical viewpoint, it is
We have only two units of tank trucks charge, including those in private enough for this emergency situation.
so far. (MJ) hospital. It will be government's However, we need sanitarians, sur-
account. veillants and nutritionists. (MJ)
12 Percik June 2006

15. TELESCOPE
Emergency
Sanitation
A
fter the earthquake on Satur- increase the waste water volume by up
by: Frank W. Fladerer *
day, May 27th 2006 at 5.53 to 8 times, shown by the experiences
am, which destroyed or da- in Aceh.
maged the houses of 200.000 people The concept of the new emergency An operator is assigned and paid a
and killed more than 6200 people in sanitation application: fee of 600.000 Rupiah (equal to 50
the Yogyakarta and Central Java 1. Waste Water Reduction by limiting Euro) per months. This ensures clean-
region, emergency aid already arrived the amount of water used and sepa- ingness of the facilities.
and eased the suffer of most of the vic- rating grey and blackwater The applied waste water treatment
tims. 2. Blackwater treatment using a modi- by the DEWATS principle will allow a
In a next step emergency sanita- fied DEWATS principle, where pre- reduction of BOD and COD, the indi-
tion facilities have to be wisely fabricated water tanks are modified cators for organic pollution in the
planned and implemented in time in and arranged in a way to achieve a Blackwater by >90%. In order to
order to reduce the risks of outbreaks baffled anaerobic reactor of 8 stages accelerate the startup, anaerobic
of communicable diseases in the shel- 3. Sedimentation and surface dis- sludge from the existing DEWATS
ters. Those shelters, providing space charge/infiltration of the greywater plants in Yogya (there are more than
for 150-500 persons each, are estab- and treated blackwater 10 DEWATS units operating in the
lished near the destroyed houses of 4. Separation of the sub-units (tanks) area) will be injected into the reactors
the victims. Coordination posts and connection with flexible joints upon starting up operation of the unit.
(POSKO) channel the emergency aid (silicon) to allow stability against on Costs for a facility for 200 persons
to the communities seeking shelter in going aftershocks of the earthquake. are 32.000.000 Indonesian Rupiah
those places. First cases of local out- The unit includes a water tank for (equal to 3000 Euro), maximum
breaks of diarrhea already occur by freshwater. No water pipes are response time after identification of
this day. installed to the toilet rooms. Users the location in demand until starting
A lesson learned from the Aceh have to carry water in 8 l buckets to operation is 5 days.Pe-fabrication of
experience is the need to reduce waste the toilet. This is to insure a minimum the units already started at the prem-
water volume in shelters, as septic but effective use of water. A piping ises of BORDA-Yogyakarta office in
tanks are not designed to adsorb huge system into the toilet rooms would close cooperation with the local part-
amounts of water. Capacity of ner NGO LPTP
vacuum trucks for evacuation Currently locations are
of wastewater is limited, also under identification. The ef-
the capacity of possible forts are tuned with the Water
receiving points for the & Sanitation Coordination gro-
sludge and wastewater treat- up chaired by UNICEF.
ment. The Waste Water Tre- Source of funding for
atment Plant in Sewon, Ban- implementation of emergency
tul District, experienced sanitation facilities are private
cracks in the pond structure. donations.
A continuously operation will
cause ground water pollution * BORDA Representative
in the nearby area. Indonesia
Percik June 2006 13

16. R E G U L AT I O N S
Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006
Foreign Loan and/or Grant
Procurement and
Transmission Procedure
I
n the end of January, govern- with financing transmitted to local be materialized into budget unit docu-
ment issued a new Government government or as state's capital parti- ment for being further materialized
Regulation concerning foreign cipation to State Owned Company into budget implementation docu-
loan and/or grant agreement and (BUMN). Whereas local government ment. Foreign loan and/or grant with-
allocation procedure. This regulation may submit proposal of investment to drawal should be listed in the
outlines competent borrower; source, Minister of National Planning and National Budget. State Ministry/insti-
type and conditions of loan; loan Development for obtaining foreign tution should prioritize provision of
planning and procurement; imple- loan transmission from the central fund/other rupiah portion as required
mentation and management; trans- government. The same can be con- in the NPPLN/NPHLN. The outstan-
mission procedure; reporting, moni- ducted by State Owned Company. ding loan will be included into the
toring, evaluation, and supervision; Proposal submitted by State budget document of the following
repayment; and transparency and Ministry/Institution and Local Go- year.
accountability. vernment should be enclosed with Loan/grant transmission to local
According to this Government Terms of Reference and feasibility government will be stipulated before
Regulation (PP), the competent bor- study document. Specially for local negotiation with the lender. It is
rower is government via minister, government's proposal, it should be based on repayment capability, local
whilst State Ministry/institution/lo- enclosed with approval of Local Hou- fiscal capacity and consideration of
cal government is forbidden to estab- se. All proposals will be evaluated by Minister of Home Affairs.
lish any bonds whatsoever that may Minister of National Planning and Activity report should be prepared
incur obligation for loan agreement. Development pursuant to priority of quarterly, consisting of goods/servi-
Government can procure foreign development sector eligible to foreign ces procurement, realization of loan
loan and/or grant from foreign loan. disbursement, and physical progress.
country, multilateral agency, foreign Loan allocation is based on real Monitoring is conducted by Minister,
monetary and non-monetary agency demand for foreign loan, repayment Minister of National Planning and
and non-foreign monetary agency. capability, maximum limit of cumula- Development, and Ministers available
This loan may be as soft loan, export tive loan, loan absorbability, and loan under State Ministry/Institution.
credit, commercial loan, and mixed risk. If the proposals are approved, They can accomplish retarded activity
loan. there will be negotiation with lender or low disbursement, including loan
Loan proposal is prepared for the after preparedness criteria are ful- cancellation.
period of five years based on priority. filled. For transparency and accountabi-
State Ministry/institution is to submit Loan management includes lity, Minister will establish informa-
proposal of priority activities financed administration and accounting of fo- tion publication concerning foreign
by foreign loan and/or grant to Minis- reign loan and/or grant. Amount of loan and/or grant consisting of policy,
ter of National Planning and Develop- loan listed in the Foreign Loan amount and position, source, and type
ment. The proposal includes activities Agreement Document (NPPLN) will of foreign loan and/or grant. (MJ)
14 Percik Juni 2006

17. I N T E RV I E W
Executive Director of Dana Mitra Lingkungan
(Environmental Partner Fund), Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc
Solid Waste Master Plan is A Must
Commission 7. Maybe in this case our
SOURCE:MUJIYANTO
Representative goes one step forward.
Solid waste has been solution but also bear new
Let's wait. If the draft has been enacted,
a time bomb that can problem of waste. This prob-
there will be government regulations
explode and take life at lem is likely an entangled
and other lower level regulations as our
anytime. Such explosion thread that is difficult to loose.
legality.
has just been initiated. Can this visible problem be
If we compare to other countries
Landfill (TPA) Leuwigajah overcome? Percik is given
such as Japan, don't see their techno-
in Bandung, for example, opportunity to interview Ir. Sri
logy only; the country has enforce Solid
has taken tens of lives. Bebassari, MSc, Executive Waste Law that involved 16 ministers
The same will possibly Director of Dana Mitra Ling- during enactment and directly chaired
happen in other cities kungan (Environmental Partner by the prime minister. It is seen how
considering that condition Fund) which has been involving their government makes priority in the
of the existing landfills is not much different. in this field for more than 26 years. She was waste issue. So, we cannot see the prob-
On the other side, there is no distinct even entitled "The Queen of Solid Waste" for lem partially, Japan can do this, can do
solid waste policy in Indonesia. Each institu- her dedication and expertise caring for such that, etc. Their waste law has been
tion or local government has its own discre- dirty thing. Before being executive director, enacted for 20 years ago and this has
tion and they even overcome the issue with she was researcher in the Technological been followed by other specific laws.
their own style. It does not just make no Studies and Implementation Board (BPPT). There are laws on recycle, extended
producer responsibility. We're just
starting because three years ago I met
H ow do you see solid waste
issue in Indonesia?
Waste issue is an inferiority com-
namely legal, institutional, financial,
social culture and technology. Today,
most people only see from its techno-
with the former Parliament Com-
mission VIII asking State Minister for
Environment to issue Law concerning
pared to other development sectors, logical aspect and this is not overcome Solid Waste. Until now, it is still in the
whereas this is the cleanliness issue. eventually it's only seen from one form of draft.
Cleanliness is as equally important aspect.
investment as security. If our country is It takes long time to wait such
safe and clean, investors will come. Can you explain this problem legislation; so how can we take
Let's say security be number one, but from legal aspect? action in the present?
never let cleanliness in number 100. Solid Waste law is just a draft that We have to make effective the exis-
Otherwise, let's put it in number five, equals or is higher than academic draft. ting rules, from RT until national level.
nine or ten, it's OK. The fact, cleanliness Now, State Minister for Environment Before the issuance of law, we use the
in our country is put in number 100 and Minister of Law are preparing existing rules. But it is not entirely.
while security is in number 1. This enactment. However, there is a good Many local regulations that have actu-
results in financing etc. In order to be news, that is, Parliament (DPR) is wait- ally expired and the content are partial,
well organized, I always see the prob- ing. Formerly, Parliament is said to such as levy, retribution, penalty and
lem systematically. Let's view this hamper the law and so on, but now fine. In the RT and household level, re-
problem at least from five aspects, there is even a request from Parliament gulation should be applied. For example,
Percik June 2006 15