1. Presented by: Oussama Baaloudj
Research plan for the internship
Supervised by: Professor Phuong Nguyen-Tri
Wednesday, Feb 15, 2023

4. Objectives

5. Objectives
Waste water as well as energy demand

7. The main therapeutic classes of drugs
• Analgesics and Anti-inflammatories
• Antituberculosis and Antileprosy
• Antimycotics
• Antivirals
• Cardiology
• Dermatology
• Dietetics and Nutrition
• Endocrinology
• Pneumology
• Psychiatry
• Resuscitation toxicology
• Rheumatology
• Stomatology
• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Gynecology, obstetrics and
contraception
• Hematology
• Immunology Allergology
• Drugs for metabolic disorders
• Neurology
• Ophthalmology
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Parasitology
• Urology
• Vaccines, immunoglobulins,
serotherapy
• Oncology
• Local anesthetics
• Antibiotics and Antibacterials

9. Annual use of antibiotics worldwide was
recorded with approximately 100,000 to
200,000 tons on 2000, and it was raised
by more than 65% within the 20 years, and
it can increase more and nearly double
before 2030 [1-2].
[1] I. Sample, Calls to rein in antibiotic use after study shows 65% increase worldwide, Guard. (2018).
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/mar/26/calls-to-rein-in-antibiotic-use-after-study-shows-65-increase-worldwide.
[2] J. Hou, Z. Chen, J. Gao, Y. Xie, L. Li, S. Qin, Q. Wang, D. Mao, Y. Luo, Simultaneous removal of antibiotics and antibiotic
resistance genes from pharmaceutical wastewater using the combinations of up-flow anaerobic sludge bed, anoxic-oxic tank,
and advanced oxidation technologies, Water Res. 159 (2019) 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.034.

11. According to statistical
research, antibiotic
resistance bacteria kills
700,000 annually [3]
[3] J. Littmann, A. Buyx, O. Cars, Antibiotic resistance: An ethical challenge, Int.
J. Antimicrob. Agents. 46 (2015) 359–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.06.010.

13. Adsorption
Traditional treatment

14. How could we eliminate
those harmful compounds
using a green and clean
method ?
PROBLEMATIC

15. SOLUTION

16. SOLUTION
We propose photocatalysis as an advanced
oxidation process and enhance it by combining it
with another process or adding co-catalysts

18. Sillenites
These crystals have attracted a lot of scientific
attention because of:
• Their unique structures of crystal
• High photorefractive
• Photochromic properties
• Dielectric properties
• Electro-optic properties
• Fast response
• long optical storage time in dark
• Recyclability and narrow band-gap (< 2.9 eV)
• Bi12SnO20
• Bi12ZnO20
• Bi12CoO20
………

19. Sillenites
• Bi12SnO20

20. Sillenites

21. MATERIALS
METHODS

22. MATERIALS AND METHODS

23. Sillenites
Synthesis

24. Synthesis of sillenites.

25. Hydrothermal synthesis

26. Photocatalytic
application

27. Photocatalysis experiments
UV-Vis
Spectrophotometer
UV Spectrum
Batch Reactor

28. Latest results

29. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

30. Primary
tests

31. Bisphenol A
C15H16O2

32. Bi12ZnO20/gC3N4

33. Bi12CoO20

34. Bi12SnO20

35. Bi12SnO20 synthesis method

36. Bi12SnO20 pH of synthesis
pH = 10 pH = 12

37. Bi12SnO20 calcination Temperatur
400
°c
77.92
%
In 1h

38. Morphology
investigation

39. Bi12SnO20 pH of synthesis
pH=12
pH=10

40. Bi12SnO20 pH of synthesis
pH=12
pH=10

41. Bi12SnO20 pH of synthesis
pH=12
pH=10

42. Bi12SnO20 synthesis method
Coprecipitation Hydrothermal

43. Bi12SnO20 synthesis method
Coprecipitation Hydrothermal

44. Bi12SnO20 synthesis method
Coprecipitation Hydrothermal

45. OUTLOOKS
AND
PERSPECTIVES

46. More sillenites
Test more polutants
Characterization
Minéralisation
Adding Co-catalyst
Hybrid systems Fixing catalysts
Artificiel neural network
OUTLOOKS

47. Characterization methods
XRD SEM and TEM UV-Vis
FTIR or RAMAN
XPS BET
Photoluminescence

48. Catalyst/C3N4

49. Co-catalyst

50. Experimental and modeling design
Design of experiments (DEO)
Such as Response Surface
Methodology (RSM)
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Input layer Hidden layer
Output layer

51. Analytical techniques
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Mineralization
Liquid chromatography–
mass spectrometry (LCMS)
Degradation by-products

52. • Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
• Cannabinoids are a group of organic
compounds found in cannabis. Δ9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and
cannabidiol (CBD), the two major
constituents of cannabinoids, and
their metabolites are contaminants
of emerging concern due to the
limited information on their
environmental impacts.

53. perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)