1. INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS
MEDICINE

2. LECTURE OUTLINE
2
 This lecture deals about introduction of sports medicine in following
sub-categories;
1. Sports medicine team
2. Sports medicine models
3. Classification of sports injuries
4. Sports medicine assessment sheet & RICE principle

3. LECTURE OUTCOME
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 At the end of the lecture the student should able to know;
 Definition of sports medicine.
 Who are all in the sports medicine team.
 Different types of models in sports medicine.
 Classification of Sports by Extent of Contact, Classification of Sports by Dynamic
and Static Status & Classification of sport injuries.
 RICE principle.

4. Introduction
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 In a diverse world like ours, it is not surprising to see that there
is no single definition of sports medicine that is accepted by all
interested in the field.
 Millions of people throughout the world perform physical exercise
and play sport. These people have specific medical needs. To cater
for these people a branch of medicine known as 'sports medicine'
has evolved.

5. Definition – 1- In an editorial for the Journal of
Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness published in
1977;
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“as the application of medical knowledge to sport with the
aim of preserving the health of the athlete while improving
his or her performance”.

6. Definition – 2 - In 1988, Professor Wildor Hollmann,
summarized the main aspects or sports medicine as follows:
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“medical treatment of injuries and illnesses; medical examination
before starting a sport to detect any damage that could be
worsened by the sport; medical performance investigation to
assess the performance capacity of the heart, circulation,
respiration, metabolism and the skeletal musculature;
performance diagnosis specific to the type of sport; medical
advice on lifestyle and nutrition; medical assistance in developing

7. Definition – 3 - According to Brukner and
Khan (1993), clinical sports medicine
includes
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 “management of medical problems associated with physical
activity and exercise; the role of exercise in the treatment and
rehabilitation of chronic disease states; performance
enhancement through various interventions such as
physiological training, and nutritional alterations; prevention,
diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries;
special and specific needs of the pediatric, female and older
populations of physically active people; healthcare needs of the

8. Sports medicine includes:
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 Injury prevention,
 Diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation;
 Performance enhancement through training, nutrition &
psychology;
 Management of medical problems;

9. Sports medicine includes:
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 Exercise prescription in health and in chronic disease states; the
specific needs of exercising in children, females, older people
and those with permanent disabilities;
 The medical care of sporting teams and events;
 Medical care in situations of altered physiology, such as at
altitude or at depth; and ethical issues, such as the problem of
drug abuse in sport.

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Practice of Medicine
Human
Performance
Injury
Management
Exercise Physiology
Biomechanics
Sport Psychology
Sports Nutrition
Sports Physical Therapy
Athletic Training
Sports Massage

11. The Sports Medicine Team
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 Sports medicine lends itself to being practiced by a
multidisciplinary
team of professionals with specialized skills who provide optimal
care for the athlete.

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 Family physician
 Physiotherapist/physical
therapist
 Sports physician
 Massage therapist
 Orthopedic surgeon
 Radiologist
 Podiatrist
The Sports Medicine Team
 Psychologist
 Sports trainer/athletic trainer
 Other professionals such as
osteopaths, chiropractors, exercise
physiologists. biomechanists, nurses,
occupational therapists, orthotists,
optometrists
 Coach
 Fitness adviser.

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14. The traditional medical model
PHT 333 - Introdu
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15. The Sports Medicine model
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PHT 333 - Introduction to Sports Medicine
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Extent of Contact
Non-Contact Limited Contact Contact-Collision
Archery Baseball Basketball
Badminton Bicycling Boxing
Body building Cheerleading Diving
Canoeing/kayaking (flat water)Canoeing/kayaking (white
water)
Field hockey
Football
Curling Fencing Flag
Dancing Field events Tackle
Field events High jump Ice hockey
Discus Pole vault Lacrosse
Javelin Floor hockey Martial arts
Shot put Gymnastics Rodeo
Golf Handball Rugby
Orienteering Horseback riding Ski jumping
Table 12.9 -- Classification of Sports by Extent of Contact

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Powerlifting Racquetball Soccer
Race walking Skating Team handball
Riflery Ice Water polo
Rope jumping In-line Wrestling
Rowing Roller
Running Skiing
Sailing Cross-country
Scuba diving Downhill
Strength training Water
Swimming Softball
Table tennis Squash
Tennis Ultimate Frisbee
Track Volleyball
Weightlifting Windsurfing, surfing

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Low Dynamic/Low
Static
Low Dynamic/High
Static
High Dynamic/Low
Static
High Dynamic/High
Static
Bowling Archery Badminton Boxing
Cricket Auto racing Baseball Cross-country skiing
Curling Diving Basketball
Golf Equestrian events Field hockey Cycling
Riflery Field events (jumping,
throwing)
Lacrosse Downhill skiing
Gymnastics Orienteering Fencing
Karate, judo Race walking Football
Motorcycling Racquetball Ice hockey
Rodeo Soccer Rowing
Sailing Squash Rugby
Ski jumping Swimming Running (sprints)
Water skiing Table tennis Speed skating
Weightlifting Tennis Water polo
Table 12.10 -- Classification of Sports by Dynamic and Static Status

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1
To gather baseline data for future reference [2] [3]
2
To detect manageable medical conditions that may interfere with sports participation
[2] [3]
3
To determine whether there are contraindications to participation [2] [3]
4
To discover predispositions to injury, including previous athletic injuries from
inappropriate conditioning programs [2] [3]
5
To assess an athlete's current fitness level to help prevent injuries from inappropriate
conditioning programs [2] [3]
6
To fulfill legal and insurance requirements [2] [3]
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To provide an opportunity for health education[3]
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To establish a doctor–patient relationship with the athlete, identifying the physician
and training staff as part of the athletic team
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To provide an opportunity for training programs to educate residents, student
therapists, and medical students about aspects of the physical examination in healthy
The goals of the pre-participation evaluation are as follows:

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History Have you had a medical illness or injury since your last check-up or sports physical?
Do you have an ongoing or chronic illness?
Have you ever been hospitalized overnight?
Have you ever had surgery?
Injury
history
Do you use any special protective or corrective equipment or devices that are not usually used for your sport
or position (e.g. knee brace, special neck roll, foot orthotics, retainer on your teeth, hearing aid)?
Performan
ce-
enhancing
supplemen
ts
Are you currently taking any prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter) medications or pills or using an
inhaler?
Have you ever taken any supplements or vitamins to help you gain or lose weight or improve your
performance?
Pulmonary
, allergies
and
asthma
Do you cough, wheeze, or have trouble breathing during or after activity?
Do you have asthma?
Do you have seasonal allergies that require medical treatment?
Do you have any allergies (e.g. to pollen, medicine, food or stinging insects)?
Have you ever had a rash or hives develop during or after exercise?
Cardiac
and
pulmonary
Have you ever passed out during or after exercise?
Have you ever been dizzy during or after exercise?
Have you ever had chest pain during or after exercise?
Do you get tired more quickly than your peers do during exercise?
Have you ever had racing of your heart or skipped heartbeats?
Have you had high blood pressure or high cholesterol?
Have you ever been told you have a heart murmur?
Has a family member or relative died of heart problems or of sudden death before the age of 50?
Have you had a severe viral infection (e.g. myocarditis or mononucleosis) within the last month?

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Neurologic Have you ever had a head injury or concussion?
Have you ever been knocked out, become unconscious, or lost your memory?
Have you ever had a seizure?
Do you have frequent or severe headaches?
Have you ever had numbness or tingling in your arms, hands, legs, or feet?
Have you ever had a stinger, burner, or pinched nerve?
Metabolic Have you ever become ill from exercising in the heat?
Eyes Have you had any problems with your eyes or vision?
Do you wear glasses, contacts, or protective eyewear?
Musculosk
eletal
Have you ever had a sprain, strain, or swelling after injury?
Have you broken or fractured any bones or dislocated any joints?
Have you had any problems with pain or swelling in muscles, tendons, bones, or joints?
Eating
disorders
Do you want to weigh more or less than you do now?[a]
Do you lose weight regularly to meet weight requirements for your sport?
Psychologi
c
Do you feel stressed out?
Public
health
Record the dates of your most recent immunizations (shots) for tetanus, hepatitis B, measles,
chickenpox
Gynecologi
c (females
only)[a]
When was your first menstrual period?
When was your most recent menstrual period?
How much time do you usually have from the start of one period to the start of another?

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