1. A SEMINAR TOPIC ON
LANDMINE DETECTION USING
IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

2. Contents
> Introduction
> Block diagram
> Implementation
> Applications
> Advantages
> Limitations
> Future scope
> Conclusion

3. Introduction
> Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world is killed or injured
by a land mine.
> Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries around the world.
> Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines.
> Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

4. Land mine

5. These are the Physical characteristics of Land Mine

6. Technology used to Detect the land mines:
> Metal detectors
> Nuclear magnetic resonance
> Thermal imaging and electro optical sensors
> Biological sensors
> Chemical sensors

7. Biological sensor Metal detectors
METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY

8. Block Diagram

9. Hardware description
> Impulse generator(GPR)
> Antenna system
> Pulse extender
> A/D converter
> Processor
> Visual display

10. Ground Penetrating Radar:
> The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research
Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR).
> This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small
targets.
> Two distinct types of GPR Time domain , Frequency domain.
> Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and
digitize the return at GHZ sample rate.
> Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of
the return signal is measured.

11. Antenna System:
> The GPR system performance strongly depends on the antenna system.
> The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver
> The transmit antenna should :
> Radiate Ultra-Wideband
> Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

12. Pulse extender:
> It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the maximum level acquired A/D
converter.
> It amplify the samples of digital signals which are converted from analog signal.

13. A/D Converter:
> The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then listens with the receiver
connected to high speed samples which in-turn feeds to A/D converter.
> This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec.
> It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

14. Processor:
> The processor filters the signals
> This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil.
> Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display.

15. Visual display:
> It helps to see the range of targets.
> It displays the position of land mine.

16. Implementation:
> The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pulse.
> The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band from 500MHZ on
3dB level.
> After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by the receiver
antenna.
[Cont..]

17. Applications
GPR has many applications in number of fields:
> In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks ,soils , ground water and ice.
> Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures and
pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils.
> GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other remediation sites.
> Military uses include detection of mines ,unexploded ordnance and tunnels.

18. Advantages:
> GPR has accurate measurements.
> GPR locates even a small targets.
> It has been well founded by the defense.
> GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when allows it to locate even no
metallic mines.
> GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions.

19. Limitations:
> GPR is more power hungry
> Thus false alarms are easily generated from the background itself.
> The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

20. Future scope:
> Army mine fields is to measure detection probabilities under realistic conditions.
> Plans to speed up the scan rate with advanced arrays are under the way.

21. Development Platform
Technological based
development for land mine
detection tends to be a vehicular
based system this vehicular
based system is shown
Development Platform

22. Conclusion
Impulse GPR system is used for detecting anti-tank and antipersonnel mines.
Through iterative design, build test cycles, and scored testing at Army mine lanes,
steady progress is being made.

23. THANK YOU