Dosage forms are a mixture of active drug component and nondrug component.

1. Drug dosage form
Presented by: Abid hussain

2. DRUG DOSAGE FORMS
Dosage forms are a mixture of active drug component and
nondrug component.
Types of dosage form
• Liquid dosage form (solutions, syrups, suspensions, drops,
injection)
• Solid dosage form(Capsule , tablets , powder)
• Semisolid dosage form(Ointments, Creams, pastes, Gels)

3. 1. Capsules
It contain one or more medicinal substances enclosed with in
a shell or container prepared from suitable form of gelatin
Capsule has two types
• Hard gelatin capsules
• Soft gelatin capsules

4. Hard gelatin capsules
It is made up of gelatin ,sugar and water. They are
physically hard. The hard-shell gelatin capsules contain
solid drugs
Soft gelatin capsule
It is made up of gelatin. Glycerin
Or sorbitol are added to render gelatin elastic. The
soft-shell gelatin capsules contain oils. These capsules
are easily swallowed due to tasteless shell.

5. 2. Tablets
 A tablet is a solid dosage form that is prepared by
compressing or molding of the drug into various
sizes and shapes.
 A polymer coating is often applied to make the
tablet
Smoother, easier to swallow, to control release
rate of active ingredient, to make it more resistant to
the environment and enhance tablet appearance
 Tablet are often stamped with symbols ,letters, and
numbers which enable them to identified. Their
sizes are from few millimeters to about centimeter
 Some tablets are in the shape of capsule are called
caplets.

6. Types of tablet
 Tablets for oral administration
 Tablets for implantation (pellets)

7. Tablets for oral administration
 Immediate release tablet: Release the drug substance immediate
after ingestion
 Delayed release tablet: The drug substance is not released until a
physical event has occurred e.g. change in gut flora.
 Chewable tablet: The tablets are placed in the mouth, chewed and
swallowed e.g. Lozenges
 Buccal tablet: These are designed to be placed in buccal cavity of
mouth for rapid action.
 Sublingual tablets: these are placed under tongue for rapid
dissolution.
 Effervescent tablets: The tablet contain sodium bicarbonate in
addition to the drug substance. Before use they are dissolve in
water.e.g. Acetylsalicylic acid

8. Tablets for implantation (pellets)
A small tablet that is prepared for insertion under
the skin by giving a small surgical cut into the skin
which is stitched after the insertion of tablets. The
tablet must be sterile one.
Contraceptive tablets are formulated as implant

9. 3. Powders
Powders are drugs or drug extracts that are dried and ground
and converted into fine particles.
Advantage
 Use both internally and externally
 Good chemical stability as compared to fluids
 Rapid onset of action
 Easy to swallow even in large bulk, espacially mixed with
drink food
 Economic
 Safe to children and elderly patients

10. Disadvantage
 Not suitable for drugs unstable in atmospheric condition
 Not suitable for bitter, deliquescent and hygroscopic drug.
 The dispensing of powder is time consuming.
Types of powder
1)Divided powder
2)Bulk powder
1)Divided powder: They are dispensed in form of individual
doses and generally are dispensed in papers, metal foil and heat
sealed plastic bags and other containers.

11. 2. Bulk powder
 Oral powder: They are intended to be suspended or
dissolve in water or mixed with foods e.g. Antacid and
laxatives
 Dentifrices: They contain soap or detergent, mild abrasive
and anticariogenic agent
 Dusting powder: They are locally applying non toxic
preparation that is intended to be dissolved in water prior
to use as an antiseptic. They may be formulated for nasal,
optic and vaginal use.
 Insufflations: They are introduced in body cavity such as ear
,nose, throat, tooth socket.Insuffaltor is used to administer
these products.

12. Liquid dosage form
Liquid dosage forms are prepared:
(1) By dissolving the active drug substance(s) in an
aqueous or no aqueous (e.g. alcohol, ether,
glycerin) solvent.
(2) By suspensing the drug in appropriate medium.
(3) by incorporating the drug substance into an oil or
water phases.

13. Liquid dosage forms can be administered:
• Topically - lotions or suspension applied to the
skin, eye drops, nasal drops, ear drops
• Orally (p.o.) - oral suspension and solution
• Parenterally -
• subcutaneous injection (s.c.),
• intramuscular injection (i.m.)
• and intravenous administration (i.v.)

14. Solution
Solutions are prepared
by dissolving a solid or
liquid drug in distilled
water Solutions are
intended for topical, oral,
and parenteral
administration. Solutions
for local administration
usually called lotions.

15. Suspension
A suspension consists of a
dispersion of relatively
coarse particles, usually in
aqueous vehicle.
Suspensions may be used for
oral and topical
administration. Like
solutions, oral suspensions
are useful in children and
patients who cannot tolerate
a solid dosage form.

16. Drops
Drops are solutions, tinctures or mixtures of high-
potent drug substances
Drops are prescribed in small quantity (10-30 g)
Drops are intended to be administered orally or
externally(as eye drops, nasal drops and ear drops).
eye drops (collyrium): Timolol
nasal (nose) drops: Olynth 0,1%
ear drops: Furotalgin

17. Emulsions
• Emulsions are two-phase systems consist of
liquid drug substances.
They are classified as:
• oil-in-water emulsion (O/W)
• water- in-oil emulsion (W/O)
Emulsions can be administered
as topically, orally, and I.M.

18. • Injection is an infusion
method of putting drug
into the body with syringe
or needle.
• It is usually administrated
by parental route.
• It shows rapid action and
may be used for
unconscious or
uncooperative patients.

19. Semisolid dosage forms
Semisolid dosage forms are products of semisolid
consistency and applied to skin or mucous
membranes for therapeutic or protective action or
cosmetic function.

20. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
a)Smooth texture
b) Elegant in appearance
c) Non dehydrating
d) Non greasy
e) Non hygroscopic
f) Non irritating
g) Do not alter membrane / skin functioning

21. OINTMENTS
They are composed of fluid hydrocarbon meshed in a
matrix of higher melting solid hydrocarbon, e.g.
pertrolatum.
According the place of application they are:
1) unguentum dermaticum
2) unguentum ophthalmicum
3) unguentum nasale

22. Creams
These are either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil
(W/O) emulsions and contain preservatives to
prevent bacterial and fungal growth. Easier to
spread & remove.
The commonest preservatives are parabens
Oil-in-water emulsions rub into the skin and are
easily washed off
Water-in-oil emulsions are greasier

23. Gels
Gels are semi-colloids which liquefy on contact
with the skin
Gels are transparent or translucent non-greasy
semisolid gels .
Gels are a common form for acne preparations
(e. g. Acnederm)
They are used as lubricant.

24. Pastes
 Pastes semisolid preparations
that contain a Larger Amount of
Solids compared to ointments
 Stiffer than ointments, remain in
place after application & can
absorb serious secretions
 Zinc oxide paste, contains 25%
ZnO in starch & white
petrolatum, product is firm &
can protect skin & absorb
secretion