1. QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE
TEC 518
LECTURE
BY
AHMAD A. PALLADAN, PHD

2. MEANING OF STATISTICS
STATISTICS CONSISTS OF A BODY OF METHODS FOR
COLLECTING AND ANALYSING DATA.
(AGRESTI & FINLAY, 1997)
STATISTICS IS CONCERNED WITH THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF
COLLECTING, ORGANIZING, SUMMARIZING, PRESENTING AND
ANALYSING STATISTICAL INFORMATION (DATA) AS WELL AS
DRAWING VALID CONCLUSION ON THE BASIS OF SUCH ANALYSIS.

3. SCOPE FOR STATISTICAL METHODS
1.Design: Planning and carrying out
research
studies.
2. Description: Summarizing and exploring
data.
3. Inference: Making predictions and
generalizing
about phenomena represented by the

4. TYPESOFSTATISTICALDATATYPES OF STATISTICAL DATA
 PARAMETRIC STATISTICS
Parametric
Data
Non–
Parametric Data

5. SOURCES OF DATA
Primary data: These are data generated by first
hand or data obtained directly from
respondents by personal interview,
questionnaire, measurements or observation.
Statistical data can be obtained from:
(i) Census – complete enumeration of all the
unit of the population
(ii) Surveys – the study of representative part of
a population
(iii) Experimentation – observation from
experiment carried out in laboratories and
research center.

6. SOURCES OF DATA (CONT.)
2. SECONDARY DATA: THESE ARE DATA OBTAINED FROM
PUBLICATION, NEWSPAPERS, AND ANNUAL REPORTS. THEY ARE
USUALLY SUMMARIZED DATA USED FOR PURPOSE OTHER THAN THE
INTENDED ONE. THESE COULD BE OBTAIN FROM THE FOLLOWING:
(I) PUBLICATION E.G. EXTRACT FROM PUBLICATIONS
(II) RESEARCH/MEDIA ORGANIZATION
(III) EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

7. TYPES OF RESEARCH
•QUALITATIVE
•QUANTITATIVE
•MIX METHOD
•TRIANGULATION

8. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING