Uploading files using selenium web driver

Uploading Files using
Selenium WebDriver

Uploading File
Uploading a file is a basic piece of
functionality found in the web
applications. Automating these sorts of
functionality is tricky in Selenium as
Selenium is limited to automating
browsers only, so when you are trying to
automate it you get prompted with a
dialog box that is just out of reach for
Selenium.
If "Upload button" is an Input Tag then
uploading a file is easy, you can simply
use SENDKEYS method. But if it is not
an Input Tag and you are looking to
automate it then you need third party
tools.

Ways to Upload File
1. Using SendKeys method.
2. Using AutoIt scripting.
3. Using Sikuli scripting.

Using SendKeys
Method
sendKeys method is basically used to
type some content into an input
field/tag.
The most basic way to perform the
upload of a file. Simply, get the file
upload element by using any locator you
want. And call the sendKeys() method to
set the value of the file to upload, the
value can be the absolute or relative
path of the file.
Limitation
This only works for INPUT tags.

<html>
<body>
<form>
Upload Your CV:
<input type="file" name="uploadfile" id="upfile">
</form>
</body>
</html>
driver.findElement(By.id("upfile")).sendKeys("C:filepathToUpload.txt");
The file path could be either absolute or relative file path.
Example : 1 (sendKeys)

Using AutoIt Scripting
If you have a button (Customized
button), not an input tag and when
clicking on the browse button, the
browser opens a window popup and to
select the file from system, And as we
know selenium will not support OS
controls. Here we need third party tool
like AutoIt.
AutoIt v3 is a freeware BASIC-like
scripting language designed for
automating the Windows GUI and
general scripting. It uses a
combination of simulated keystrokes,
mouse movement and
window/control manipulation in
order to automate web app and
desktop app.

How to begin with AutoIt
AutoIt setup is easy, there are lots of docs available on online for this. Basically, we need
following two things to be installed, to begin with.
1. Install AutoIt current version.
Go for AutoIt Full Installation, this will provide a basic version of the SciTE script
editor. To get full version of you have to download it separately.
https://www.autoitscript.com/site/autoit/downloads/
2. AutoIt Script Editor (Download the SciTE.exe and install; it is an editor which helps
in finding the commands.).

How to Write AutoIt Script
● Identify the Windows control, through AutoIt Windows Info tool (See Pic. 1).
● Click on Finder Tool and hover over the object for which you want the properties.
● It will capture the properties of pop up like Title, Class, Position, Size, Style and so on.
● Then with the help of captured properties, write a script in SciTE script editor or in
sublime and save the script with .au3 extension

How to Write AutoIt Script
● Now to compile the .au3 script you
can either use AutoIt Script to EXE
converter, which converts .au3 file
to .exe file or just right click your
.au3 script, it will show compile
options. Select compile to 64bit
(x64) or compile to 32bit (x86)
option and will create .exe file in the
same folder.
● Syntax to call .exe file in your
selenium script is:
Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“path of .exe
file”);
Pic. 1

<html>
<body>
<form>
<label id="choose-file-btn">Choose File</label>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example : 2 (AutoIt)
ControlFocus("Open","","Edit1")
Sleep(3000)
ControlSetText("Open","","Edit1","C:UsersluciferProjectsRndassetsimage1.png")
Sleep(3000)
ControlClick("Open","","Button1")
Our AutoIt Script (save it as upload.au3):

There are lots of method available which we can use in an AutoIt script depending upon our
requirement. Here we will be only focusing on the following methods:
For other methods use official AutoIt link:
https://www.autoitscript.com/autoit3/docs/
1. ControlFocus(" title "," text ",”controlID” ) //Sets focus to a control.
2. ControlSetText(" title "," text ",”controlID” ," File path" ) // Sets text of a control.
3. ControlClick(" title "," text ",”controlID” ) //Sends a mouse click command to a control.
Note: One or more properties are used in the controlID parameter of a control command in the
format:
● Parameter values for first method (ControlFocus):
This method sets focus to the 'filename' text box of the file uploader window.
1st parameter, title is " Open ".
2nd parameter, the text is not required(We ignored).
3rd parameter, controlID is the combination of class='Edit' and Instance='1'
i.e., . 'Edit1.'

● Parameter values for second method (ControlSetText):
This method has one more attribute(new text) compare to previous one. This method is used
to define the path of a file which we need to upload in 'filename' textbox.
2nd parameter, the text is not required( We ignored).
3rd parameter, controlID is the combination of class and Instance, i.e., " Edit1 ".
4th parameter new text, in this we pass the path of the file which we want to upload.
● Parameter values for third method (ControlClick):
This method clicks on 'Open' button of the file uploader window.
2nd parameter; the text is not required (We ignored ).
3rd parameter, controlID is the combination of class and Instance, i.e., " Button1 ".

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("choose-file-btn"));
element.click();
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("C:UsersluciferProjectsRndAutoItScriptsupload.exe");
Our Selenium Script
Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“path of .exe file”);
Syntax to call AutoIt script in selenium script:
Limitations of AutoIt:
1. It works only in Windows.
2. Knowledge of fundamental coding principles is a must.

Using Sikuli
Scripting
SikuliX automates anything you see on
the screen of your desktop computer
running Windows, Mac or some
Linux/Unix. It uses image recognition
powered by OpenCV to identify and
control GUI components. You can both
automate desktop or web applications
regardless of any technology. It is useful
when there is no easy access to a GUI’s
internal or source code.

How to begin with Sikuli
Similar to AutoIt, you will find lots of docs online for Sikuli setup also (especially for Windows). I am an
Ubuntu user so I will show you how to do the Sikuli setup on Ubuntu:
1. Install the JAVA
if you don't have java setup, do the following steps(here I am using Java 7):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
java -version //to check your java version
2. Install OpenCV 2.4.0
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gijzelaar/opencv2.4
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get libcv-dev
3. Install Tesseract 3
sudo apt-get install libtesseract3

How to begin with Sikuli
4. Packages for app-related features
sudo apt-get install wmctrl
sudo apt-get install xdotool
5. Download and launch sikulisetup-xxx.jar
Use following link to download sikulisetup-xxx.jar
https://launchpad.net/sikuli/sikulix/
mkdir ~/SikuliX
After downloading sikulisetup-xxx.jar move it to ~/SikuliX.
cd ~/SikuliX && java -jar sikuli-setup-xxx.jar
After this, you will get GUI option for installation and when you are done with installation do to
SikuliX. Configure SIKULI JAR - Create SIKULIX_HOME environment variable and set the path
of the Sikuli jar file (in ~/.bashrc file).
6. Launch the Sikuli IDE.
After successful installation, you will see runsikulix file in SikuliX folder.
cd ~/SikuliX
./runsikulix // This will launch Sikuli IDE.

Use Sikuli in Selenium Script
Supported scripting languages:
Python (language level 2.7) supported by the Jython interpreter.
Ruby (language level 1.9/2.0) supported by the JRuby interpreter.
JavaScript supported by the Java builtin scripting engine (Java 7: Rhino, Java 8: Nashorn).
I will be using JRuby for my selenium script.
1. We need to make sure we are have JRuby
rvm list // This is will show installed ruby version including JRuby (if it is installed)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jruby // To install JRuby
rvm list // Now you should see JRuby (Mine is jruby-9.1.6.0)
rvm use jruby-9.1.6.0 // to use JRuby
2. Require sikuli in .rb file
require 'sikuli' // add this in your code
3. Create a folder for Sikuli images in your project:
Put all your Sikuli images(images that will be used by script) over here.
4. Then Run your selenium script.

<html>
<body>
<form>
<label id="choose-file-btn">Choose File</label>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example : 3 (Sikuli)
find('#choose-file-btn').click
screen = Sikuli::Screen.new
screen.click "./features/images/desktop.png"
screen.click "./features/images/location.png"
screen.type "/home/lucifer/projects/rnd/features/images/vai.png"
screen.click "./features/images/open-button.png"
find('.save-modal-button').click
Our Selenium Script

Similarly to AutoIt, Sikuli has lots of methods available which we can use in a Selenium script
depending upon our requirement. Here we will be only focusing on the following methods:
For other methods use following link:
http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/sikuli/0.1.7/Sikuli
1. screen = Sikuli::Screen.new
2. screen.click
3. screen.type
● screen = Sikuli::Screen.new: The “Screen” is a base class provided by Sikuli. In order to
access all the Sikuli methods first, we have to create an Object for the Screen class (Base
class).
● Parameter value for first method (click):
This method will perform a single click on an image match, whose path we need to pass as a
parameter.
1st parameter, path of the image (absolute or relative path.)
i.e., . './features/images/desktop.png'
Or
'/home/lucifer/rnd/features/images/desktop.png'

● Parameter value for method (type):
This method will Types text as if it was being typed on the keyboard with an optional key
modifier.
1st parameter, ”text”
e.g, . 'Hello world'
Limitation of Sikuli
1. Accuracy of image matching is not 100%. It is possible that two or more similar images are
available on the screen, Sikuli will attempt to select the wrong image.
2. If image appearance varies in pixel size, then the script will fail with
“(Sikuli::ImageNotFound)” error.
3. Overhead of taking too many screenshots (depends upon requirement).

Uploading files using selenium web driver

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