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1.media and information literacy (mil)
- 1. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY (MIL) INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY CHAPTER 1 Mr. Juan Paolo P. Cunanan Saint Joseph Institute of Technology Butuan, Philippines MIL PPT 01
- 2. How Communication is affected by media and information. 1.What is Communication? 2.Why do we Communicate? 3.How do we Communicate? 1
- 4. Types of Communication •Interpersonal Communication “A Form of Communication that invovles two to three individuals interacting through the use of their voices and bodies”. 3
- 5. Types of Communication •Mediated Interpersonal Communication “These are timess when you cannot and need to talk face-to-face, so communication becomes mediated through the use of devices such as pen, telephone or computer. 4
- 6. Types of Communication •Organizational Communication “People Communicate differently in a working environment. 5
- 7. Types of Communication •Public Communication “One person communicating to a large number of people”. 6
- 8. WHAT ARE THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS? NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION • Signs • Symbols • Colors • Gestures • body language • facial expressions VERBAL COMMUNICATION •Oral •Written • Photo Credit: http://www.martina-gleissenebner-teskey.com/services/the-power-of-non-verbal-communication/ 7
- 9. Transmission Models Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948) Who COMMUNICATOR Says What MESSAGE In Which Channel MEDIUM To Whom RECEIVER With what effect? EFFECT 8
- 10. Transmission Models TRANSMISSI ON MODELS Shannon- Weaver’s Communica tion Model (1948) 9
- 12. Transmission Models TRANSMISSI ON MODELS Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communicat ion (1957) • Event or Information (X1, X2, X3 and X4…Xn) • Feedback (f) • Advocate (A) • Channel (C) • Audience (B) 11
- 13. Transmission Models RECEPTION MODEL Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960) 12
- 14. Formative Assessment: Recitation • Why is communication a process? • What are the important elements of communication? • How can we achieve an effective communication with other people? 13
- 17. VIDEO PRESENTATION •Media Minute Introduction: What is media anyway? •YouTube Channel: MediaSmarts •Date Uploaded: Oct. 17, 2013 16
- 19. How is communication affected by media and information? MEDIA Communication Tools Communication INFORMATION data, knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction, signals or symbols knowledge of specific events or situations 17
- 20. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: RECITATION How did Facebook affect the quantity and quality of information available to people? Is it a good thing or bad thing? 18
- 21. 19
- 22. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT! •“The speed of communications is wondrous to behold. It is also true that speed can multiply the distribution of information that we know to be untrue.” Edward R. Murrow (April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965), American broadcast journalist. Source: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_communication2.html 20
- 23. TERMS TO UNDERSTAND • The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms. Media Literacy •The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats. Information Literacy • The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information. Technology (Digital) Literacy 21
- 24. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: 3 Circle Venn Diagram Media Literacy Information Literacy Technology (Digital) Literacy 22
- 25. Media and Information Literacy Represented as the capability to ACCESSS, ANALYZE, and INVENT MEDIA. It is also a mandatory for people to know their human rights, as indicated in Article 19 of the Universal declaration of Human Rights Which states that “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression;
- 26. What is Media Literacy? Few Interesting Facts • 47% of children ages 6-17 have a TV in their own bedroom. • The average American watches over 4 hours of television per day. • The average American sees 2 million TV commercials by the age of 65. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005
- 27. Few Interesting Facts • By the age of 18, children have watched 17,000 hours of television, and this number continues to increase. • The average American youth spends 900 hours in school & 1,023 hours watching TV each year.
- 28. Few Interesting Facts • The average home has the television on for seven and half hours per day. This means that the television is on nearly sixty hours per week.
- 29. Few Interesting Facts • The average child sees 13,000 violent deaths on TV during his or her formative years and as many as 200,000 by their eighteenth birthday.
- 30. Why is Media Literacy Important? 1. The influence of media in our central 2. The high rate of media consumption and 3. The media’s influence on shaping perceptions, beliefs and attitudes. 4. The increasing importance of visual 5. The importance of information in society
- 31. What is Media Literacy? • What is “Media”? •A way to carry a message from one person to another.
- 32. Media that are used to communicate to a large group of people? • Music/ Radio • Television • Newspapers • Internet • Books • *Cellular Phones/ Telephones • Video Games • Billboards • Posters • Sky Writing • Movies • Magazines
- 33. Media that are used to communicate from one individual to another? • Email • Texting • Letter (Mail) • Boards/Posters • Pagers • FAX • Web Cam (Skype) • Instant Messages • Social Networking
- 34. Media that are used for entertainment? • Television • Magazines • Movies • Music (CDs, iPod, Radio) • Video Games • Comic Books • Books • Internet
- 35. What is Media Literacy? • What is “Literacy”? The ability to decode a message.
- 36. What is Media Literacy? •Sooooooo……
- 37. Media Literacy Definition • Media literacy emphasizes the following elements: – a critical thinking skill that allows audiences to develop independent judgments about media content; – an understanding of the process of mass communication; – an awareness of the impact of media on the individual and society; – the development of strategies with which to discuss and analyze media messages; – an awareness of media content as “text” that provides insight into our contemporary culture and ourselves; – the cultivation of an enhanced enjoyment, understanding, and appreciation of media content; – the ability to produce effective and responsible media messages.
- 38. Media Literacy Definition •Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media.
- 39. Media Literacy Process Skills Access Create Analyze Evaluate
- 40. Media Literacy Process Skills •Recognize and understand Media •Locating media from a variety of sources •Select different types of info based on the task. ACCESS
- 41. Media Literacy Process Skills •Use prior knowledge to predict outcomes. •Interpret a message •Use strategies to compare/contrast, fact/opinion, cause/effect. ANALYZE
- 42. Media Literacy Process Skills •Appreciate in interpreting messages •Evaluate the quality of a message. •Judge the value of a message. •Respond to messages of different content. EVALUATE
- 43. Media Literacy Process Skills •Make use of brainstorming, planning, composing, and revising process. •Use language effectively. •Create and select images to achieve various goals. •Use technology to communicate in the construction of messages. CREATE
- 45. There are Main Benefits of MIL which are: 1.Teaching and learning process. 2.Media and Information Literacy imparts crucial knowledge about the functions of media and information channels In democratic societies 3.A society that is media and information literate fosters the development of free, independent and pluralistic media and open information systems.
- 46. To enjoy the Benefits of MIL, the following are required: 1. Media and information literacy should be considered as a whole and include a combination of competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes 2. The MIL curriculum should enable teachers to teach media and information to students with the objective of providing them with essential Tools so that they can engage with media and information channels as autonomous and rational young citizens. 3. Citizens should have knowledge about location and consumption of information as well as about the production of information 4. Women, men and marginalized groups, such as people living with disability, indigenous people or ethnic minorities, should have equal access to information and knowledge. 5. MIL should be seen as an essential tool to facilitate intercultural dialogue, mutual understanding and a cultural understanding of people. There are three most current concepts that focus on a critical way regarding on media messages in MIL. These are media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy.
- 47. Media Literacy
- 48. Media Literacy Skills can Help People to: 1. Develop critical thinking skills 2. Understand how media messages shape our culture and society 3. Identify target marketing strategies 4. Recognize what media maker wants us to believe or do 5. Name the techniques of persuasion used 6. Recognized bias, spin, misinformation and lies. 7. Discover the parts of the story that are not being told. 8. Evaluate media messages based on our experiences, skills, beliefs, and values. 9. Create and distribute our own media messages 10.Advocate for media justice
- 50. An information Literate Person is able to: 1. Determine the extend of information needed. 2. Access the needed information effectively and efficiently 3. Evaluate information and its sources critically 4. Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base 5. Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose 6. Understand the economic, legal and social issues surrounding the use of information. And access and use information ethically and legally. Information literacy relates traditional skills like reading, researching, and writing; but there are new ways to read and write these are: 1. Consuming Information 2. Producing Information
Notes de l'éditeur
- Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another. communication, n. The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. …The successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings. A communication therefore has three parts: the sender, the message, and the recipient. Read more at: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/what-is-communication.html
- Emphasized in the first definition that communication can be verbal and non-verbal. Emphasized in the second definition the idea of exchanging not only information but feelings and the idea of communicating for understanding.
- People communicate face-to-face with someone they know or someone who is a complete stranger to them.
- Small group communication – involves discourse between three or more persons.
- An e-mail sent by the school pricipal to all the academic personnel to communicate a new policy is an example of organizational.
- Ex. Priest, who stands before a congregation to deliver his homily is also engaged in a face-toface public communication.
- Source: http://communicationtheory.org/types-of-communication/ There are 2 basic types of communications: Verbal Communication and Non-Verbal Communication Verbal Communication The communication happens through verbally, vocally or through written words which express or convey the message to other is called verbal communication. Example: Baby crying (vocal) is verbal communication which express the hungry or pain through vocally. Verbal communication has two types A. Oral Communication B. Written Communication A. Oral Communication: A communication which happens through word of mouth, spoken words, conversations and also any messages or information are shared or exchanged between one another through speech or word of mouth is called oral communication. Example: Public speech, News reading, Television, Radio, telephone and mobile conversations. oral communication B. Written Communication: A communication happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the languages uses in any medium is called written communication. Example: Simply any hand written, typed, Newspaper, printed word documents, letters, books and magazines. written communication Non-Verbal Communication: Any communication without word of mouth, spoken words, conversation and written languages are called Non-Verbal Communication. It happens through signs, symbols, colours, gestures, body language or any facial expressions are known as non verbal communication. Traffic signals are one of the best examples for non verbal communication.
- What is medium? Media is the plural of medium, or ways to communicate information. (http://www.yourdictionary.com/media#sUfxU1eT1j41M5zt.99) Communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Media is the plural of medium and can take a plural or singular verb, depending on the sense intended. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/media.html) Read more from this website http://communicationtheory.org/lasswells-model/ Harold Dwight Lasswell, the American political scientist states that a convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following questions Who Says What In Which Channel To Whom With what effect? Lasswell Model of Communication This model is about process of communication and its function to society, According to Lasswell there are three functions for communication: Surveillance of the environment Correlation of components of society Cultural transmission between generation Lasswell model suggests the message flow in a multicultural society with multiple audiences. The flow of message is through various channels. And also this communication model is similar to Aristotle’s communication model. In this model, the communication component who refers the research area called “Control Analysis”, Says what is refers to “Content Analysis”, In which channel is refers to “Media Analysis”, To Whom is refers to “Audience Analysis” With What Effect is refers to “Effect Analysis” Example: CNN NEWS – A water leak from Japan’s tsunami-crippled nuclear power station resulted in about 100 times the permitted level of radioactive material flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co said on Saturday. Who – TEPC Operator What – Radioactive material flowing into sea Channel – CNN NEWS (Television medium) Whom – Public Effect – Alert the people of japan from the radiation. Advantage of lasswell model: It is Easy and Simple It suits for almost all types of communication The concept of effect Disadvantage of lasswell model: Feedback not mentioned Noise not mentioned Linear Model
- Read more about this from this website http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/ In 1948, Shannon was an American mathematician, Electronic engineer and Weaver was an American scientist both of them join together to write an article in “Bell System Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” and also called as “Shannon-Weaver model of communication”. This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process called “Noise”. At first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication. The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode. Practical Example of Shannon-Weaver model of communication : Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you”. During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback) “what do you want Thomson”. Sender : Thomson Encoder : Telephone (Thomson) Channel : Cable Noise : Distraction in voice Reception : Telephone (Assistant) Receiver : Assistant. Due to transmission error or noise, Assistant can’t able to understand Thomson’s messages. *The noise which affect the communication flow between them. Criticism of Shannon-Weaver model of communication : 1. One of the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories 2. The model which attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist to leads their further research in communication 3. It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience 4. The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive) 5. Communication is not a one way process. If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength. For example: Audience or receiver who listening a radio, reading the books or watching television is a one way communication because absence of feedback 6. Understanding Noise will helps to solve the various problems in communication
- Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication Communication is a two way process where both sender and receiver take turns to send and receive a message. The message is only sent after encoding so the sender is also called Encoder and the encoded message is decoded under receipt by the receiver, making him the Decoder. Read more from this website http://communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm-model-of-communication/ It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature Encoder – Who does encoding or Sends the message (message originates) Decoder – Who receives the message Interpreter – Person trying to understand (analyses, perceive) or interpret Note: From the message starting to ending, there is an interpretation goes on. Based on this interpretation only the message is received. This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way. It is not a traditional model. It can happen within our self or two people; each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpret and decoding. Semantic noise is a concept introduced here it occurs when sender and receiver apply different meaning to the same message. It happens mostly because of words and phrases for e.g. Technical Language, So certain words and phrases will cause you to deviate from the actual meaning of the communication. Note: When semantic noise takes place decoding and interpretation becomes difficult and people get deviated from the actual message. Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change It shows why redundancy is an essential part There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person Assume communication to be circular in nature Feedback – central feature. Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.
- Read more from this website http://communicationtheory.org/westley-and-maclean%E2%80%99s-model-of-communication/ n 1957 Westley and MacLean’s model of communication is proposed by Bruce Westley (1915-1990) and Malcolm S. MacLean Jr (1913-2001). Being one of the creators of journalism studies, Westley served as a teacher at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, between 1946 and 1968. Malcolm was director of University of Journalism School (1967-74) and co founder of the University College at University of Minnesota. This model can be seen two contexts, interpersonal and mass communication. And the point of difference between interpersonal and mass communication is the feedback. In interpersonal, the feedback is direct and fast. In the mass, the feedback is indirect and slow. Model: Westely and Maclean realized that communication does not begin when one person starts to talk, but rather when a person responds selectively to his/her physical surroundings. This model considers a strong relation between responds from surroundings and the process of communication. Communication begins only when a person receives message from surroundings. Each receiver responds to the message they received based on their object of orientation. X1, X2, X3 and X4….—are news articles or information, Feedback (f), Clients (A), Reader or Audience (B) and Gate Keeper (c) Example: A Daily News Papers will receive many Press releases from Many Public Relations Agencies on behalf of their clients. In this case, News paper will publish the selected Press release due to the space constraints. Then, Readers can directly respond to the client or they can respond to the News daily which published in the Newspaper. If Readers responded to daily News paper, it will communicate the feedback to concern PR Agency. X1, X2 and X3—are Press Release, Feedback (f), Clients (A), Reader (B) and Daily News Paper (Gate Keeper) (c) 1. Feedback Loop between Reader (B) and News Paper (C) – fBC 2. Feedback Loop between News Paper(C ) and Client (A)- fCA 3. Feedback loop between Reader (B) and Client (A)- fBA. Merits and Demerits: This model accounts for Feedback. It can account for different modes of communication, i.e., for both interpersonal communication and Mass communication. It is a predictive model of communication and very descriptive also. It also account for non binary interactions, this means that it will remain good even for communications involving more than two sources. Westley and Maclean communication model is Two Dimensional. It cannot account for multi dimensions; this means this model will not be applicable for typical communication events that involve broader context and wide range of communication messages.
- Read more from this website http://communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/ The Berlo’s model follows the smcr model this model is not specific to any particular communication. Berlo’s model lives a number of factors under each of the elements : Source: The source is were the message originates. Communication skills – It is the individual’s skill to communicate (ability to read, write, speak, listen etc…) Attitudes – The attitude towards the audience, subject and towards one self for e.g. for the student the attitude is to learn more and for teachers wants to help teach. Knowledge– The knowledge about the subject one is going to communicate for e.g. whatever the teacher communicates in the class about the subject so having knowledge in what you are communicating. Note: It is not talking about the general knowledge it is all about the knowledge of the subject, so it is the familiarity of what you are communicating. Social system – The Social system includes the various aspects in society like values, beliefs, culture, religion and general understanding of society. It is were the communication takes place. For e.g. class room differs from country to country like behaviors, how we communicate etc. Note: We can communicate only to the extent that the social system allows, when we communicate take social system into account. Culture: Culture of the particular society also comes under social system. All to this model, only if you have the above in the proper or adequate proportion v can communicate. Encoder: The sender of the message (message originates) is referred as encoder, so the source is encoding the message here. Message Content – The beginning to the end of a message comprises its content for e.g. From beginning to end whatever the class teacher speaks in the class is the content of the message. Elements – It includes various things like language, gestures, body language etc, so these are all the elements of the particular message. Content is accompanied by some elements. Treatment – It refers to the packing of the message. The way in which the message is conveyed or the way in which the message is passed on or deliver it. Note: When it is too much treatment also the communication will not happen properly. Structure– The structure of the message how it is arranged, the way you structure the message into various parts. Note: Message is the same but if the structure is not properly arranged then the message will not get to the receiver. Code– The code of the message means how it is sent in what form it could be e.g. language, body language, gestures, music and even culture is a code. Through this you get/give the message or through which the communication takes place or being reached. Note: Only when the code is proper, the message will be clear, improper use may lead to misinterpretation. Channel– It is nothing but the five senses through this only we do. The following are the five senses which we use Hearing Seeing Touching Smelling Tasting Whatever communication we do it is there either of these channels. Hearing: The use of ears to get the message for e.g. oral messages, interpersonal etc. Seeing: Visual channels for e.g. TV can be seen and the message is delivered. Touching: The sense of touch can be used as a channel to communicate for e.g. we touch and buy food, hugging etc. Smelling: Smell also can be a channel to communicate for e.g. perfumes, food, charred smell communicates something is burning, we can find out about which food is being cooked etc. Tasting : The tongue also can be used to decipher e.g. Food can be tasted and communication can happen. Note: Despite not mentioning a medium we need to assume that as communication is taking place channels can be any of the 5 senses or combination. Decoder : Who receives the message and decodes it is referred to as decoder. Receiver: The receiver needs to have all the thinks like the source. This model believes that for an effective communication to take place the source and the receiver needs to be in the same level, only if the source and receiver are on the same level communication will happen or take place properly. So source and receiver should be similar For e.g. Communication skills on source side is good then the receiver should equally have good listening skills. We cannot say the entire message passed doesn’t reaches the receiver has it is because the receiver may not good in listening, so only for the effective communication the source and the receiver to be in the same level. Note: Self image differs from person to person, for communicating the person should consider the receiver. Keep the receiver in mind, speak accordingly and give them what they need. Criticism of berlo’s smcr model of communication: No feedback / don’t know about the effect Does not mention barriers to communication No room for noise Complex model It is a linear model of communication Needs people to be on same level for communication to occur but not true in real life Main drawback of the model is that the model omits the usage of sixth sense as a channel which is actually a gift to the human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc).
- Process is a series of actions that produce something or that lead to a particular result Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/process DEFINITION The term communication process refers to the exchange of information (a message) between two or more people. There are many different models of the interpersonal communication process, but here are some of the key elements: the sender or communicator (the person who initiates a message) the receiver or interpreter (the person to whom a message is directed) the message (the verbal and/or nonverbal content that must be encoded by the sender and decoded by the receiver) the channel (the medium by which the message is delivered and received) the context (the setting and situation in which communication takes place) noise (anything that interferes with the accurate expression or reception of a message) feedback (a response from the receiver indicating whether a message has been received in its intended form) Put simply, effective communication takes place when a sender's message is fully understood by the receiver. Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communication-process-1689767
- What is the message in this illustration? Do you agree with this illustration regarding communication? Why or why not?
- Guide Questions 1. What is the message all about? 2. Do you agree with the message? 3. What important lesson can we derived from this poster?
- Readings No. 1 http://guides.libraries.psu.edu/fakenews What is Fake News? Fake news is in the News these days, so what is it? The term is most often used to describe completely fabricated stories, but can also be applied to a broader continuum of news. Many news outlets will exhibit some form of explicit or implicit bias while not falling into the fake news category. Assessing the quality of the content is crucial to understanding whether what you are viewing is true or not. It is up to you to do the legwork to make sure your information is good. Fake News: Sources that intentionally fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports. Satire: Sources that use humor, irony, exaggeration, ridicule, and false information to comment on current events. Bias: Sources that come from a particular point of view and may rely on propaganda, decontextualized information, and opinions distorted as facts. Rumor Mill: Sources that traffic in rumors, gossip, innuendo, and unverified claims. State News: Sources in repressive states operating under government sanction. Junk Science: Sources that promote pseudoscience, metaphysics, naturalistic fallacies, and other scientifically dubious claims. Clickbait: A strategically placed hyperlink designed to drive traffic to sources that provide generally credible content, but use exaggerated, misleading, or questionable headlines, social media descriptions, and/or images. No. 2 Source: http://guides.library.jhu.edu/c.php?g=202581&p=1334961 INFORMATION This is probably what you're looking for when you use the Internet for academic purposes. Information, at its most basic, is data set in a context for relevance. In other words, information tells us something that is understandable and has the potential to become knowledge for us when we view it critically and add it to what we already know. "Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject, or event; that of which one is apprised or told; intelligence, news. spec. contrasted with data." (from Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989) PROPAGANDA Propaganda is a commonly misused term. Because of its historical use, such as in the name of the infamous "National Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda" run by Joseph Goebbels for the Nazi government of Germany, many people associate propaganda with inflammatory speech or writing that has no basis is fact. In reality, propaganda may easily be based in fact, but facts represented in such a way as to provoke a desired response. Propaganda is defined as the "systematic propagation of information or ideas by an interested party, esp. in a tendentious way in order to encourage or instil a particular attitude or response. Also, the ideas, doctrines, etc., disseminated thus; the vehicle of such propagation." (from Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989) MISINFORMATION "Nobody's perfect" is an excellent rule of thumb in most cases but a bad omen when you're looking for information on the no-editorial-control Internet. Misinformation is defined as the action of misinforming or condition of being misinformed; or erroneous or incorrect information. Misinformation differs from propaganda in that it always refers to something which is not true. It differs from disinformation in that it is "intention neutral": it isn't deliberate, it's just wrong or mistaken. DISINFORMATION You have now reached the lowest of the low. Never underestimate the evil intentions of some individuals or institutions to say or write whatever suits a particular purpose, even when it requires deliberate fabrication. Disinformation refers to disseminating deliberately false information, especially when supplied by a government or its agent to a foreign power or on the media with the intention of influencing policies of those who receive it. One of the most notorious uses of disinformation was the dissemination of anti-Semitic speeches and writing by the Nazi party in Germany during the 1930s and 1940s. Unfortunately, disinformation didn't end with World War II. In fact, the Internet is an excellent vehicle for disinformation.
- Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? We might think that this statement is said by somebody who live in the 21st century but please take note that this statement was said by Edward Murrow who was born in 1908 and died in 1965.
- . Graphic Organizer: 3 Circle Venn Diagram Completion Students will work in pair to complete this diagram in their notebook. Class Discussion Guide Questions What is Media Literacy? What is Information Literacy? What is Digital Literacy? What are the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy ? Note: Definitions Media Literacy- The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms. Information Literacy- The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats. Technology (Digital) Literacy- The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information. Source: MIL Curriculum for Teachers by UNESCO, 2011 Point of Discussions Media literacy and information literacy have always been linked, but the greater accessibility of content via the Internet and mobile platforms has meant that those literacies are increasingly intertwined. UNESCO considers information literacy and media literacy together as Media and Information Literacy (MIL). MIL includes Information and communication literacy and digital literacy. MIL is defined as a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understand, evaluate and use, create, as well as share information and media content in all formats, using various tools, in a critical, ethical and effective way, in order to participate and engage in personal, professional and societal activities. Source: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Communication/Pages/information-literacy.aspx#sthash.bx4oShjG.dpuf n
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