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what is the
internet?
goals
formalize your understanding of the way the
internet and websites work
internet structure and protocol
connecting through the cloud
1
internet, you say? what is an internet?
◦ global network of connected
devices
◦ client: a computer/program used
to access information or services
on another computer/program
◦ server: a computer/program that
provides information or services
to another computer/program
how does one connect to this “internet”?
◦ LAN (local area network)
◦ ISP (internet service provider)
◦ IP address (internet protocol)
internet addresses
the
“cloud”
client
1.22.33.4
server
5.66.77.8
speaking the same language
◦ router: directs data to the
appropriate place
◦ TCP/IP (transmission control
protocol/internet protocol)
◦ TCP = what is it
◦ IP = where is it going
data transfer
◦ information that is being sent is
broken down into “packets” via
TCP
◦ routers forward the data
packets to their destination
using decentralized
transmission
◦ inbound packets are
reassembled upon receipt via
TCP
data transfer
terminal A
ISP/routers
on routers
terminal 2
data packets
DNS
using domains to connect users to your site,
email, and more
domain names
how humans use the internet
2
names and addresses
◦ did you know? people generally
cannot retain or process
information as well as computers
◦ a domain name is essentially an
alias for an IP address
◦ by using the domain name system,
domains can be mapped to a
number of internet resources and
functions
what’s in a name?
◦ URL:
http://www.buzzfeed.com/quizzes
◦ prefix: http
◦ subdomain/host name: www.
◦ domain: buzzfeed.com
◦ name: buzzfeed
◦ extension/top-level domain: .com
◦ subfolder: /quizzes
names and addresses
◦ URL: your request
◦ prefix: what type of resource you
are looking for
◦ subdomain/host name: subsection
of a domain
◦ domain: the server you want to
access
◦ subfolder: the location of your
request on the server
name servers
the translators of the machine world
3
finding a resolution
◦ when you enter a domain name
into your browser, you issue a
request for information
◦ that request is transmitted to a
domain name server that
directs your computer to where
that information can be found
◦ packets are sent back to your IP
address from a web server
web/mail servers v name servers: dawn of justice
◦ name servers: contain
information related to the
location of resources associated
with a domain
◦ web servers: house site content
◦ mail servers: handle and store
messages being relayed to or
from a domain name
you. look. fetching.
your
computer
name
server
web
server
data
you. look. fetching.
your
computer
name
server
web
server
data
binary view
yes no
are you connected to
the internet?
HTTP request sent from
your IP address
error displayed for no
internet connection
does the domain exist?
request is routed to the
domain name server
browser error displayed for
failure to resolve domain
is there a website
associated with the
domain?
request is forwarded to the
site’s IP address/web server
user is directed to a parking
page
is there a page located
at the requested URL?
web server packets
returned and interpreted by
browser
404 error displayed for page
not found

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Websites & The Internet

  • 2. goals formalize your understanding of the way the internet and websites work
  • 3. internet structure and protocol connecting through the cloud 1
  • 4. internet, you say? what is an internet? ◦ global network of connected devices ◦ client: a computer/program used to access information or services on another computer/program ◦ server: a computer/program that provides information or services to another computer/program
  • 5. how does one connect to this “internet”? ◦ LAN (local area network) ◦ ISP (internet service provider) ◦ IP address (internet protocol)
  • 7. speaking the same language ◦ router: directs data to the appropriate place ◦ TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) ◦ TCP = what is it ◦ IP = where is it going
  • 8. data transfer ◦ information that is being sent is broken down into “packets” via TCP ◦ routers forward the data packets to their destination using decentralized transmission ◦ inbound packets are reassembled upon receipt via TCP
  • 9. data transfer terminal A ISP/routers on routers terminal 2 data packets
  • 10. DNS using domains to connect users to your site, email, and more
  • 11. domain names how humans use the internet 2
  • 12. names and addresses ◦ did you know? people generally cannot retain or process information as well as computers ◦ a domain name is essentially an alias for an IP address ◦ by using the domain name system, domains can be mapped to a number of internet resources and functions
  • 13. what’s in a name? ◦ URL: http://www.buzzfeed.com/quizzes ◦ prefix: http ◦ subdomain/host name: www. ◦ domain: buzzfeed.com ◦ name: buzzfeed ◦ extension/top-level domain: .com ◦ subfolder: /quizzes
  • 14. names and addresses ◦ URL: your request ◦ prefix: what type of resource you are looking for ◦ subdomain/host name: subsection of a domain ◦ domain: the server you want to access ◦ subfolder: the location of your request on the server
  • 15. name servers the translators of the machine world 3
  • 16. finding a resolution ◦ when you enter a domain name into your browser, you issue a request for information ◦ that request is transmitted to a domain name server that directs your computer to where that information can be found ◦ packets are sent back to your IP address from a web server
  • 17. web/mail servers v name servers: dawn of justice ◦ name servers: contain information related to the location of resources associated with a domain ◦ web servers: house site content ◦ mail servers: handle and store messages being relayed to or from a domain name
  • 20. binary view yes no are you connected to the internet? HTTP request sent from your IP address error displayed for no internet connection does the domain exist? request is routed to the domain name server browser error displayed for failure to resolve domain is there a website associated with the domain? request is forwarded to the site’s IP address/web server user is directed to a parking page is there a page located at the requested URL? web server packets returned and interpreted by browser 404 error displayed for page not found