Dynamics Of Transportation
Ecosystem
TRANSPORTATION POLICES OF AIR
GROUP – 14
Moulika D.M
Sri Shivaraam K
Pathlavath Venkatesh
Sujeet behera
Anish Anand

Contents
 History
 Need of Transportation policy
 Policies for Civil Aviation
 Policies for air cargo
 Noise pollution control policy for air transport

History
 After WWII, commercial aviation grew rapidly , using
mostly ex-military pilots to transport people and cargo.
 Factories that had produced bombers were quickly
adapted to the production of passenger aircraft like the
Douglas DC-4.
 This growth was accelerated by the establishment of
military airports throughout the world, either for combat
use or training.
 These could easily be turned to civil aviation use.
 The first commercial jet airliner to fly was the British de
Haviland Comet.
 The first commercial aviation flight in India took place on
18 February 1911.

Why do we need transportation policies
The purpose of transportation policy is to provide
direction for determining the amount of national resources
that will be dedicated to transportation and for determining
the quality of service that is essential for economic activity
and national defense. National policy provides guidelines to
the many agencies that exercise transportation decision –
marketing powers and to Congress, the president, and the
courts that make and interpret the laws affecting
transportation. Thus, transportation policy provides the
framework for the allocation of resources to the
transportation modes.
Transportation is fundamental to the economic activity of a
country.

Policies of Civil Aviation
Aircraft act (1934)
Aircraft Act, 1934 and Aircraft Rules, 1937 were enacted to
regulate the civil aviation industry in India.
Stipulating the parameters for determining airworthiness,
maintenance of aircraft, general conditions for flying and safety, registration
of aircraft and the conduct of investigations in case of any discrepancy.
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Tokyo convention (1975)
This Act to gives effect to the Convention on offences and certain other
acts committed on board aircraft.
The purpose of the Tokyo Convention is to protect the safety of the aircraft
and the persons or property there on and to maintain good order and
discipline on board.
The Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft.
The Tokyo Convention was initially completed on September 14 of 1963,
and it entered into force on December 4, 1969, has the full name 'The
Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft

Foreign aircraft (2002)
This Act implement Agreements entered into by India with other countries in
pursuance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signatures
at Chicago on the 7th December 1944.
Where, in pursuance of the Convention or Agreement with any other country or
countries, it is necessary to grant exemption from levy of taxes and duties on fuel
and lubricants filled into receptacles forming part of any aircraft of any other
country or countries under any law of a State or Union territory in India.
The Central Government may, notify in the Official Gazette, make such
provisions as may be necessary for giving effect to the said Convention or
Agreement and there upon the said provision shall apply accordingly and, not
with standing anything contrary contained in any other law, shall in such
application have the force of law in India.

Airport authority act (2003)
An Act to provide for the constitution of the Airports
Authority of India and the transfer and vesting of the
undertakings of the International Airports Authority of India
and the National Airports Authority to and in the Airports
Authority of India so constituted for the better administration
and cohesive

The airport's economic regulatory act (2008)
Airports Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) is a regulatory agency
under the Government of India to regulate tariff and other expenditures & fees
for major airports. It is a statutory body constituted under the Airports Economic
Regulatory Authority of India Act

The carriage by air act (2009)
The Convention relating to the rights and liabilities of carriers,
passengers, consignors, consignees and other persons shall, subject to the
provisions of this Act, have the force of law in India concerning any carriage
by air to which those rules apply, irrespective of the nationality of the aircraft
performing the Carriage.

Rajiv Gandhi national aviation act (2013)
 To facilitate and promote aviation studies, teaching, training, research
and extension work with focus on emerging areas of studies such as aviation
management, aviation regulation and policy, aviation history, aviation science
and engineering, aviation law, aviation safety and security, aviation search and
rescue, transportation of dangerous goods, environmental studies and other
related medicine, fields, and also to achieve excellence in these and connected
fields in emerging areas and such areas as may emerge in future.
 To promote advanced knowledge by providing institutional and research
facilities in such branches of learning as it may deem fit and to make
provisions for integrated courses in management, science and other key and
frontier areas of technology and allied disciplines in the educational programs
of the University.
 To create an ambience for learning and scholarship in aviation technology.
 To take appropriate measures for ensuring and regulating the quality of
aviation education programs in India offered by recognized institutions.

 To develop academic standards of an international level and undertake other
measures as it maybe deemed fit, to facilitate the development for skilled
aviation manpower including the licensed category of aviation personnel.
 To develop various programmers for airlines, airports, aviation authorities
and staff ranging from airline management and marketing, airport
management, regulations and aviation law, aviation safety and security or any
other programme and train manpower in aviation field;
 To take appropriate measures for promoting innovations in the teaching-
learning process, undertake interdisciplinary studies and research.

Anti-hijacking act (2016)
The Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016 is an Act of the Parliament of India intended to
enforce the Hague Hijacking Convention and the 2010 Beijing Protocol
Supplementary to the Convention.
The Act repeals and replaces The Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982. The new Act
broadens the definition of hijacking to include any attempt to seize or gain
control of an aircraft using "any technological means", which accounts for the
possibility that the hijackers may not be physically present on board the aircraft.

Carriage by air (2016)
The Montreal Convention establishes airline liability in the case
of death, injury or delay to passengers or in cases of delay, damage or loss
of baggage and cargo. The Convention also provides for reviewing the
limits of liability of the air carriers every five years. The Bill seeks to
amend the Act to adhere to the revised limits of liability.

Aircraft amendment act (2020)
The Aircraft (Amendment) Bill, 2020 was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister
of State for Civil Aviation, Mr Hardeep Singh Puri, on February 4, 2020. The Bill seeks
to amend the Aircraft Act, 1934. The Act regulates the manufacture, possession, use,
operation, sale, import and export of civil aircraft, and licensing of aerodromes.
(i) registration of aircraft
(ii) regulating air transport services
(iii) prohibition of flight over any specified area.
The Bill adds the regulation of air navigation services to this list. It also
allows the center to empower the Director-General of BCAS or any authorized officer to
issue directions and make rules on certain matters.
(i) conditions under which an aircraft may be flown
(ii) inspection of aircraft
(iii) measures to safeguard civil aviation against acts of un lawfulinterference

UTM (2021)
The notification intends to regulate and control the commercial exploitation
of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in Indian airspace, and registration of all UASs
has been made a mandatory requirement on the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation’s (DGCA) “Digital-Sky” platform.
The entire airspace is delineated into green, red and yellow zones and no
prior permissions are required for the operation of a UAS in the green zone.
The UAS Traffic Management (UTM) aspects were specified in Part IX of the
notification and aimed at facilitating automated permissions for operating the UAS
and stipulated that a detailed policy framework would be issued within sixty days.

Aero sports (2021)
Aero sports create significant opportunities for the growth of tourism,
employment generation and interest in aviation activities. A growth-oriented NASP
may help attract investments in the latest aero sports technology, infrastructure and
best practices.
Aero sports are a part of most
adventure sports, which has gained
popularity in India. It is the best
adventure sport which should try to
experience the thrill in air and breath
-taking views of the country side.

Drone rules (2021)
The Rules aim to create a 'digital sky platform' which is a business-friendly single-window
online system, with minimum human interference, where most of the permissions will be self-
generated.
The Rules have reduced the red-tape involved in the process of seeking compliance:
 The number of forms has been reduced from 25 to 5.
 The types of fees have been reduced from 72 to 4.
 The Quantum of the fee has been reduced to nominal levels and delinked with the
of the drone.
 An easier process is specified for the transfer and deregistration of drones through the
digital sky platform.
 Nano and model drones (made for research or recreation purposes) are exempt from
type certification.
Coverage of drones under Drone Rules, 2021 has been increased from 300 kg to 500
This will cover drone taxis also.
Type Certificate is required only when a drone is to be operated in India. Importing and
manufacturing drones purely for exports are exempt from type certification and unique
identification numbers.
Drone corridors will be developed for cargo deliveries.

Air Cargo
Air cargo is any property carried or to be carried in an
aircraft. Air cargo comprises air freight, air express and airmail.
There are two types of air cargo – general and special cargo.
General cargo includes high-value goods, such as
electronics, jewellery and pharmaceuticals. Air shipping is more
expensive than shipping by sea, but due to the high margins
and the fact that many electronic goods are fragile, air freight is
the most appropriate form of transport.
Special cargo requires special conditions for transporting
goods, such as temperature control, certain air conditions or
protected casing ( e.g. if the goods are hazardous or livestock).

Policies for Cargo
National air cargo policy (2019)
National Air Cargo Policy Outline 2019 released at the Global Aviation
Summit at Mumbai on 15.01.2019
It outlines a globally unique, holistic approach to achieve fundamental
re-engineering in the air cargo ecosystem in order to upscale the Indian air
cargo network.
It provide cargo transportation by air to the masses at an affordable cost
and correct every village to the national and global value focus areas are as
follows Regulatory Policies in Support of Air Cargo Growth.
It clarifies the Air Cargo Market Strategy , Development Strategy, Security
Strategy ,Safety Strategy.
Cargo Community infrastructure, Technology, Innovation and
Sustainability.

Noise Pollution Control Policies
for Air Transport
Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management
 adopted by the ICAO Assembly in its 33rd Session (2001) and
reaffirmed in all the subsequent Assembly Sessions
 ICAO encourages States to apply land-use planning and
management policies to limit the encroachment of incompatible
development into noise-sensitive areas

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WE ARE FROM GROUP - 14