Oral communication, 15th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informatics, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul June 29 – July 2, 2015.

1. Charles Dotter
& the birth of Interventional Radiology:
A sleeping beauty with a restless sleep.
15th Int. Conf. on Scientometrics & Informetrics
Philippe GORRY, MD-PhD., Asso. Prof.
Bogaziçi Univ., Istanbul
June 29 – July 2, 2015
Health Sciences College, Medical School & Dpt of Humanities & Social Sciences,
Research Unit in Theoritical & Applied Economics - CNRS UMR 5113

2. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Introduction (1)
• Charles Dotter (1920-1985)
• Father of interventional radiology
• Dotter invented the angioplasty
• On January 16, 1964, he percutaneously dilated a
stenosis of the superficial femoral artery in an 82-
year-old woman with leg ischemia and gangrene
who refused amputation. After successful dilation
of the stenosis with a guide wire and coaxial
catheters, the circulation returned to her leg.
• Dotter technique, a paradigmatic revolution
• Inviting radiologists to transgress medical specialty boundaries.
• “The angiographic catheter can be more than a tool for passive means for diagnostic
observations; used with imagination, it can become an important surgical instrument”.
• Dotter’s landmark paper was poorly cited until 1979
• can be considered from a scientometric point of view as a sleeping beauty paper
Dotter C, & Judkins M (1964). “Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction. Description of a new technic & a preliminary report of its
applications. Circulation 30: 654-70.
Payne, M. (2001). “C T Dotter : the father of Intervention. Texas Heart Institute J. 28, 28-38.
Rösch, J. et al. (2003). “The Birth, Early Years, and Future of Interventional Radiology.” J. of Vascular & Intervent. Radiology 14, 841-853.
• Innovation by catachresis
• κατάχρησις, “misuse (of a word)”)
• Instrument « hijacking » from its original purpose to a new one

3. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Introduction (2)
• Sleeping-beauty in scientific litterature
• Definitions
• Delayed recognition, (Garfield, 1980), premature or resistant discoveries
(Burel, 2005; Braun, 2010)
• Van Raan (2004):
• “articles that go unnoticed (“sleeps”) for a long period of time and then, suddenly,
receives a lot of citations by a “prince” (another article).”
• 3 variables:
• depth of sleep: at most 1 citation/y (deep sleep) or between 1 & 2 citations/y
(less deep sleep)
• length of the sleep: between 5 & 10 years
• awakening intensity: 15 citations/y for 4 years
• All-element-sleeping-beauties (Li, 2012)
• some publication had heaping before sleeping
Braun, T., et al. (2010). Research Evaluation 19, 195-202.; Burrell, Q.L. (2005). Scientometrics 65, 381-389.; Li, J. & Ye, F.Y. (2012)
Scientometrics 92, 795-799.; Van Raan, A.F.J. (2004). " Scientometrics 59, 467-472.

4. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Objectives & Methods
• Objectives
• To explore the bibliometric characteristics of IR birth
• To explore the diffusion of Dotter concept
• To document the awaking phase & identify « the prince »
• To question the sleeping-beauty definition
• Methods
• Literature search
• Databases: Pubmed, Scopus & WoS
• Corpus (12/31/2013)
• 219 publications
• 7866 citations
• Analysis
• Descriptive statistics: Excel®
• Co-publications network: Intellixir®
• Citations network pattern during time: CitnetExplorer®
- Van Eck, N.J. & Waltman L. (2014), “CitNeExplorer: a new software tool for analyzing and visualizing citation networks.” Journal of Informetrics, 8: 802-

5. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Results
• The scientific production of Charles Dotter
• Dotter published his 1st paper in 1948 in a top medical journal
• Dotter CT, Steinberg I., The diagnosis of congenital aneuvrysm of the pulmonary
artery; report of two cases, N Engl J Med. 1948 Jan 13;239(2):51-4.
• During his 33 years at OHSU, he issued 219 publications
• ¼ in in high quality journals
• split between 2 main medical disciplines: radiology and cardiology
• Dotter published his last paper in 1981, four years before his death
Source title Publications number Impact factor
Radiology 46 5,561
Am. J. Roentgenol.
Radium Ther. Nucl. Med.
27 na
Circulation 19 12,755
New England J Medicine 8 52,589
Am. J. Roetgenol. 6 2,47
Journal distribution of C.T. Dotter scientific production

6. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Results
• The scientific production of Charles Dotter
• Dotter had many relations in the academic community
• He co-published with 140 different authors
Fig 1. Network of C.T. Dotter co-publications

7. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Results
• The scientific production of Charles Dotter
• Dotter had many relations in the academic community
• He co-published with 140 different authors
• Mainly with J. Rosch, and F. Keller
Author Lab. / Dpt. Institution Publi.
Rösch, Johannes Center of Cardiac Surgery Friedrich Alexander University
(DE)
340
Keller, Frederick S. Dotter Interventional Inst. Orgeon Health & Sciences Medical
Center (USA)
215
Steinberg, Israel Dpt. of Surgery, Medicine &
Radiology
New Loma Linda Univ.
(USA)
174
Judkins, Melvin P. Coordinating Center for
Collaborative studies in
Coronary Artery Surgery
New York Hospital – Cornell Univ.
(USA)
68
Bilbao, Marcia K. Dpt. of Radiology University of Oregon Mecial School
(USA)
22
Dotter main scientific collaborators

8. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1
10
100
1000
10000
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Publication
All citations
Cumulated all citation
Results
• The scientific production of Charles Dotter
• His scientific work totalized
• 7866 citations at the end of 2013 with an average of 52-251 citations every year
• Dotter’s publications and citations

9. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Results
• Dotter’s landmark paper
• Most cited paper
• Dotter C, Judkins M (1964). "Transluminal
treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction.
Description of a new technic and a preliminary
report of its applications" , Circulation 30 (5):
654–70
Total Citations Average per Year
1255 25.10

10. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1
10
100
1000
10000
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Publication Citation main paper Cumulated paper citation
Length of sleep
14 years
Results
• Dotter’s landmark paper:
• A sleeping beauty ?
• Delayed recognition
Awakening intensity
(citations/y x10)
Depth of sleep
(3.64 citations/year)
Landmark paper

11. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Pub. by Dotter Pub.citing "Dotter" in Ti/abs/keyword Citations main Dotter paper
Interrogation Diffusion Glorification
• Dotter’s landmark paper:
• With a restless sleep
• Dotter’s main paper citations and Dotter’s name or technique apparition in the
literature (especially editorial, review, letter)
Results

12. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Dotter landmark paper
(1964)
Late citations of Dotter
main paper
(1974/1988)
The prince: Gruntzig
1st
citation (1969)
• Dotter’s landmark paper: a
• The Prince: Gruntzig
• Citation network of
Dotter paper and its
direct and indirect
successors
•Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 99, 2502-2505.
•American J. of Roentgenology, 132:547-552, April 1979
Results

13. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
194819501952195419561958196019621964196619681970197219741976197819801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006200820102012
Publication Citation main paper Pub.citing "Gruntzig" in Ti/abs/keyword
Gruntzig repat & imorve
Dotter’ technique
• Dotter’s landmark paper: a sleeping beauty
• The Prince: Andreas Grüntzig
• German cardiologist, inventor of the coronary balloon angioplasty
• Died prematurely in 1985
• Citations curves of Dotter’s paper & Gruntzing refering paper
Results

14. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
Discussion
• Dotter landmark paper, a sleeping-beauty
• but does not fit with all Van Raan’s criteria
• Length of sleep: 15 years ( > 5-10 years)
• Dept of sleep: > 3,86 citations/year ( > 1-2 citations/y)
• Awakening intensity: 52,25 citations/y for 4 years( >15 citations/y)
• Accuracy/Ambiguity of Van Raan’s criteria
• Difficulty to identify delayed recognition paper without calculating the field citations
• Taking into account Awakening intensity proportional to dept and length of sleep ?
• New definition ? Sleeping-beauty like paper
• Publications which doesn’t fit Van Raan’s criteria but display all the characteristics of
delayed recognition
• New concept/dimension: “Restless sleep”
• Period traversed by scientific controversy
• that could be traced back in publications databases
• by differentiating bibliographic references from citations in the text,
• or by analyzing the nature of the documents (article versus editorial, letter or review)
• Relevant scientometric approach to nurture theory of scientific controversies in
sociology of science

15. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
• Acknowledgments
• In collaboration with
• Pascal Ragouet, Pr. of Sociology of Sciences, Bordeaux
• With help of
• Emilie Bisbaud, MSc in Sociology, Bordeaux
• This work is supported by
• A grant from the French National Cancer Institute (INCA#6165).
• Contact
• Philippe GORRY, MD-PhD, Asso. Prof. 1,2*
• Research Group in Theoretical & Applied Economy UMR CNRS 5113,
Avenue Leon Duguit, University of Bordeaux, 33608 Pessac, FR
• Medical School, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, FR
• * : philippe.gorry@u-bordeaux.fr
• Profile page:
• http://www.linkedin.com/in/philippegorry
• http://gretha.u-bordeaux4.fr/fr/members/gorry-philippe
Thank you for your attention

16. Ph. Gorry, 15th ISSI, Istanbul, July 2nd, 2015
This presentation is dedicated to my grand father,
Lieutenant Emile Gorry WWI veteran
who came around and took this picture of Istanbul 100 years ago.