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Product of the Week Showcase - May
- 2. Product of the Week SHOWCASE Webinar Piping Technology & Products, Inc. May 20, 2010
- 3. PT&P and Subsidiaries Fronek Anchor Darling Ent., Inc. ASME Nuclear Qualified Pipe Shields, Inc. Sweco Fab, Inc . ASME U-Stamp R-Stamp PIPING TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS, INC. Member of MSS, SPED, APFA ISO 9001-2008 Certified U.S. Bellows, Inc. Member of EJMA
- 5. Milestones
- 6. Product of the Week Archives Product of the Week Archives are located at: www.pipingtech.com/news If you have questions during the presentation, we have a panel of experts standing by. This presentation will cover products selected from Product of the Week Archives. Just chat your question to us in the box located to the top-right. To pop the chat box out, click “Unlock pane from Control Panel.”
- 7. Constant Spring Supports Big Ton Spring Supports Variable Spring Supports Engineered Spring Supports
- 10. Engineered Spring Supports - Big Tons “ A table atop muscle springs” Top Load Flange Bottom Load Flange Load Studs Division & Centering Plates Travel Stop Rods Spring Pressure Plate Housing Load Stud Nut Coil Spring Development of the Big Ton Spring Support Innovation and customer service enabled PT&P to carve out a niche in the pipe support industry. The development of the "Big Ton" provides an interesting illustration of this. A customer asked PT&P if there was a way to support a large vessel that would be both stable and economical. PT&P responded by designing the big ton in 1980, which is essentially a table atop muscle springs.
- 12. Engineered Spring Supports - Constants Constant Spring Supports
- 14. 105,000 lb. Load Over 5 ' x 20 ' Area Level Vertical Movement Big Ton Concept Engineered Spring Supports Special U-Type Constant Spring Supports - Constants
- 16. ASME/Misc. Fabrication 84" Diameter Seawall Outfall Flow Regulating Device for a Water Treatment Plant Installation of FRP Bundles in Pipe Flow Device Ready for Delivery Flow Device in Use Installation of Flow Device On-Site
- 17. ASME/Misc. Fabrication Netherlocks Safety System Valves Ready for Shipment Pig Launcher & Receiver
- 21. Shock Control Devices Snubbers (Hydraulic & Mechanical) Sway Struts Sway Braces
- 29. Slide Plates Backing Plate Low Coefficient of Friction Material Supported Element Supporting Element “ Sandwich” Concept PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Bronzphite ® Graphite Marinite Stainless Steel
- 30. Slide Plates 43" Angled Pipe Shoes with PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates Constant Spring Supports with PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates welded to the load flange Variable Springs with PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates welded to the top of the load flange Slide Plates - PTFE, 25% Glass Filled
- 31. Phosphorus Bronze Phosphorus Bronze (underside) Stainless Steel Carbon Steel Base Slide Plates Stainless Steel-Bronze Slide Plates - Stainless Steel/Bronze
- 32. Slide Plates Stainless Steel-Bronze Slide Plates (continued) - Stainless Steel/Bronze Grease Fitting Grout Pouring Access Point Polished Stainless Steel Countersunk Attachment Bolts
- 34. Injection-Molded Anchors 42 " NPS 20 " NPS 6 " NPS Pre-Insulated Pipe Supports - Cold Shoes Foam Density: 32 lb. PCF Lateral Load: 15,909 lb. Vertical Load: 40,000 lb. Axial Load: 136,000 lb. Foam Density: 20 lb. PCF Foam Density: 32 lb. PCF Lateral Load: 2,273 lb. Lateral Load: 11,364 lb. Vertical Load: 5,682 lb. Vertical Load: 14,773 lb. Axial Load: 9,773 lb. Axial Load: 62,500 lb.
- 36. Expansion Joints Single Tied Universal Hinged Gimbal Expansion Joint Inline Pressure Balanced Elbow Pressure Balanced Externally Pressurized Toroidal Expansion Joint U.S. Bellows, Inc.
- 37. Expansion Joints Clamshell Bellows (Thin Wall Metallic) Rectangular Expansion Joints Fabric Expansion Joints Neoprene Fabric Thick Wall (Flanged & Flued) Slip-Type U.S. Bellows, Inc.
- 38. Expansion Joints U.S. Bellows, Inc. This 54 ' expansion joint was shipped to the job site in one piece, saving the customer hundreds of assembly man hours in the field. 649" Long x 173" Wide Rectangular Metal Expansion Joint - Single Metallic
- 39. Expansion Joints 43 " Hinged Expansion Joints with 5 " Refractory Lining U.S. Bellows, Inc. These expansion joints are part of FFC stand-pipes in a synfuels plant. Each expansion joint is fabricated of 2-ply Inconel bellows and ¾" wall pipe. The joints consist of 2" thick attachment rings. After fabrication, the expansion joints were pneumatically tested and inter-plies tested. The bellows and pipes were 100% x-rayed and PMI tested. Thermal and structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed on the expansion joints to ensure the product is structurally sound and determining the thermal profile helps to prevent polythionic corrosion on the bellows. Design calculations were performed for all hardware including lug rings, gussets, hinge plates and pins. - Hinged with Refractory Lining
- 41. Product Testing Verifying New Designs for LNG Laminated Phenolic Base Support Lateral-load and axial-load tests to determine the failure loads of 30" diameter shoes and 6" diameter Laminated Phenolic base support. Checking Gradient Temperature through the Pipe to the Insulation and Phenolic Block Q.C. Manager Examines the 6" diameter Laminated Phenolic Block after Testing and Removing the Insulation
- 42. Product Testing Test Facility To determine the amount of ice formation on an un-insulated pipe operating at cryogenic temperatures. - Amount of Ice Formation on Un-Insulated Pipe It took almost 20 hours to reach a steady state with small variations following a trend similar to that of the ambient temperature variations during day and night. Conclusion: Ice build-up reached a cap at -295°F.
- 43. Product Testing Cold Shoe Testing Constant Testing Marinite Slide Plate Testing Spring Load Testing Anchor Shoe Testing
- 44. Product of the Week Showcase Webinar Feel free to chat your questions Please send any additional questions or inquiries to [email_address] Thank You for Attending…
Editor's Notes
- Display this slide before the presentation begins, while viewers are joining…. Switch to next slide when ready to start and don’t say anything on this slide
- Justin introduces: I want to welcome everyone and say thank you for attending. Today’s Webinar is a showcase of our Product of the Week section and is hosted by Piping Technology and Products. I want to introduce Randy Bailey as for your presenter today. Randy has been a part of the PT&P team since 1978. He is the Vice President of Engineering and ________________ ____________________________________________________ Hand over to Randy for the next slide
- For those of you who are unfamiliar with us, I want to quickly go over some background information. If you would like to know more, please visit our “About Us” section at pipingtech.com. Our parent company, Piping Technology & Products, Inc., also known as PT&P, has been… in business since 1975, PT&P and its wholly owned subsidiaries, US Bellows, Sweco Fab, Pipe Shields, and Anchor Darling, offer a wide range of engineered products and services for various industries and applications. Our product line is extensive… from engineered pipe supports, expansion joints, pre-insulated pipe supports, and miscellaneous fabrication to various engineering and technical services, PT&P has decades of experience providing products and services for all your engineering and construction needs. DO NOT go over certifications—they are on the next slide…
- We have achieved various certifications in the past 30 years: PT&P is a member of MSS, SPED, and APFA. We are also a Minority Business Enterprise, as well as, a member of the Houston Minority Business Council. Our U.S. Bellows division is a member of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers’ Association We have the ASME U-Stamp, R-Stamp and N-Stamp for our Sweco Fab division Pipe Shields is ISO 9001-2008 certified for the manufacture of hot and cold supports And we are ASME Nuclear Qualified in our Fronek Anchor Darling division
- 1975: Began doing stress analysis 1978: Incorporated as Piping Technology & Products, Inc. 1978: Developed constant load spring hanger design 1986: Acquired SWECO Fab ( ASME U-Stamp Shop ) 1988: Moved to Holmes Road plant 1995: Acquired RM Mfg. ( metallic expansion joints ) 1995: 100,000 sq. ft. expansion at Holmes Road 1997: Acquired U.S. Bellows ( metallic expansion joints ) 1999: 100,000 sq. ft. expansion at Holmes Road 2001: Purchased additional 5 acres for future expansion 2003: Launched Field services division 2004: Acquired Fronek Group 2007: ISO 9001:2000 Certification 2007: Purchased additional 5 acres for expansion 2009: ISO 9001:2008 Certification
- PT&P offers a wide range of products, some of those products are showcased in our Product of the Week Archives There you can find pictures and descriptions for most of our product line. This presentation will feature products selected from those archives. --Limited number of specific examples --Large quantity on website --Pictures and detailed descriptions
- Pipe system designers must calculate the pull of gravity and for movement due to thermal expansion. Variables, big tons and constants are devices which are cost effective and structurally sound in solving certain pipe support issues. Variables use coiled springs to support a load an movement. The resistance of the coil to a load changes during compression, which is why these devices are called "variables". There are many types of variable springs—which we will quickly go over in the next slide. Big Ton springs are designed primarily for the petrochemical industry where stability and heavy loads are present. Constant Spring Supports are principally used to support pipes and equipment subjected to vertical movement due to thermal expansion at locations where transfer of stress to other supports or equipment can be critical. The maximum recommended variation according to MSS standard from the operating load is 25% for variable spring hangers. If the variation exceeds 25%, a constant support hanger should be used.
- This project included a variety of variable springs with loads ranging from 526 lb. to 33,723 lb. They are fabricated from a combination of carbon steel and A193-B7 CroMoly steel with the slide plates being A304 stainless steel They were modified to include fully adjustable travel stops , allowing easier installation and to provide a means of adjusting the preset load of the springs prior to installation --Standard travel stops lock in one position -- 1.) Installed load can be readily modified -- 2.) Can act as jacking bolts to aid installation W:\\Productoftheweek\\PW2009\\Misc Unused POTW\\88014-F Type Variables
- All of the spring components are made of A4150H and carbon steel. Per customer's request, a two coat epoxy paint was applied The Type-A assemblies measure 22 " x 79 " with an installed load of 45,000 lb., an operating load of 56,000 lb., and a downward travel of 5 " . (S/R = 2200 lb/in.) The Type-C assemblies measure 22 " x 89 " with an installation load of 38,000 lb., an operating load of 47,000 lb., and a downward travel of 5 ½ " . (S/R = 1635 lb/in.) Each spring coil was tested to insure the wire diameter, coil height, and spring rates. --Non standard finish (1. environmental conditions, 2. location of facility) --Non standard coil housings – maximum standard outside diameter = 12.75" --Non standard spring coils larger outside diameter/wire diameter (produce relatively low spring rate but high load carrying capability) http://www.pipingtech.com/news/arc_pw_2005/engps2005_09.htm
- “ Big Ton” is the name PT&P uses for a special type of variable spring support which was developed for the petrochemical industry. Many of these supports have been in service for more than 20 years. A typical big ton will have a rectangular array of coil springs supporting a pressure plate which in turn support a top load flange. Big tons provide the designer with options that are not available with typical spring supports, because they can support vessels and other components which have piping attached to them. The piping designer can choose to support these components and thus reduce loads which would be transferred to the piping. This is often a more economical and stable design for the entire systems. This type of support is used where two important characteristics in spring supports are necessary: - Extremely stable: Base supports springs of this design are frequently used under horizontal pressure vessel saddle supports in combination with slide plates or roller supports. Our Big Ton design lends itself ideally to this support situation. Type-F design is sufficient where there is a minimal amount of lateral movement, but where the combination of heavy loads and thermal expansion are required, big ton industrial springs should be your choice. - Heavy Loads: The big tons’ multi-spring design lends itself to supporting very high loads. Loads up to 200,000 pounds can be handled with no problems. Note: division & centering plates divide 2 coils stacked on top of each other and the little guides in side that holds spring in place
- The base of the big ton shown here measures 63" square while the top load flange measures 55" square. These big ton springs will be used to support heavy (in excess of 100,000 lb.) loads where a standard variable spring would be undersized. One of the springs has an overall height of 22-7/16" and the other has an overall height of 28-5/8". Both big ton springs are custom designed and fabricated from carbon steel with a hot-dipped galvanized finish. The top of the load flange is covered by a stainless steel slide plate. One of the big ton springs is designed with a operating load of 126,000 lb. and the other with an operating load of 225,000 lb. Prior to fabrication, all of the coils, within the frame, were individually tested to insure correct spring rate and load capacity. After the units are fabricated, the entire assembly is tested throughout the entire load/travel range. http://www.pipingtech.com/news/arc_pw_2008/engps2008_02.htm
- PT&P’s constant support hangers are principally used to support pipes and equipment subjected to vertical movement due to thermal expansion at locations where transfer of stress to other supports or equipment can be critical. The maximum recommended variation according to MSS standard from the operating load is 25% for variable spring hangers. If the variation exceeds 25%, a constant support hanger should be used. The constant resistance to a load is achieved by combining a spring coil with a cam which rotates about a main pivot point. The cam is designed such that the distances from the main pivot changes to compensate for the variable resistance during compression of the coil. The MSS standard provides for a tolerance of 6% in the constant load through the travel range. Our constant support hangers are designed per MSS, ANSI, and ASME standards.
- A customer needed a support for a vessel, but had very limited space available for the support. We custom designed four Big Ton D Upthrust Constants shown in the first picture and two pairs of Big Ton T Upthrust Constants shown in the second picture. Due to space limitation, the Big Ton D Constants were designed with a total travel of 4 " and the Big Ton T Constants with 5 " in total travel. The Big Ton D constants were designed with a 50 thousand pound load capacity and the Big Ton T constants were designed with 75 and 67 thousand pound load capacity.
- --Maximum travel per catalog = 20" and this constant has a design travel of 46" --The frame dimensions are: W 40" x H 75" x L 142" --The internal cam component in excess of 74" --Uses an oversized spring --Utilizes rollers and PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates to reduce the friction resulting from axial movements Job # 68264
- Sweco Fab, Inc. recently designed and manufactured a 30,000 lb. Seawall Outfall Flow Regulating Device for a sea water outlet in Qatar. This 320 long flow conditioner is designed to allow water to flow thru evenly. There are nineteen 16 FRP pipes inside an 84 diameter carbon steel pipe. The pipe bundle is secured within the 84 diameter shell pipe using spring washers, which keep the bundle tight and allows for differential expansion between the steel and FRP.
- A box in the control room will have a set of keys; one key per unit The first key is inserted into the fist valve and unlocks the second key The second key is inserted into the second valve which unlocks a third key and so on. The purpose is to unlock the launcher in a sequence to avoid human error which can cause serious injuries W:\\digital_camera\\2009\\November\\Pig Launchers & Receivers 01295 http://www.chemicals-technology.com/contractors/safety/netherlocks/
- 24" pipe shoe with clamps specially designed and fabricated during a planned plant outage Instead of the normal delivery time of 3-4 weeks, Piping Technology & Products, Inc. finished this project in just one week. This pipe shoe with clamps was designed for 12,900 lb. vertical This 1" thick carbon steel pipe shoe was designed to handle 650°F and has a PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plate installed to allow for axial movement. Shoe/guide
- Fabricated with A-36 carbon steel and permali block insulation. The carbon steel is hot-dipped galvanized for protection and longevity of the cold shoe. The permali block insulation, between the base plate and the saddle, functions to insulate the supporting structure from extreme cold temperatures of the pipe. These cold shoes are designed for pipes ranging in size from 6" to 14". The assemblies are capable of loads ranging from 194,000 lb. to 291,000 lb. --Anchor support where-in the base is solidly attached --Cradle is secured to base by means of bolts shown --Dual purpose configuration: 1.) Provides anchor support 2.) Insulates surrounding structure from pipe operating temperature http://www.pipingtech.com/news/arc_pw_2008/preis2008_02.htm That concludes this section… now we will go over the different types of shock control devices.
- Types of Shock Control Devices Sway Braces—use spring coils inside there Sway Struts—rigid support Hydraulic and Mechanical Snubbers—passive restraints using either fluid or mechanical means to lock
- These PT&P sway braces are fabricated from carbon steel and measure 126" from pin to pin. They use an integral piston assembly with guide to eliminate any buckling and/or misalignment during extension and compression . The sway braces are designed for 10 1/2" of travel and a load of 1,500 lb. A combination of standard spring coils is used to achieve the required spring rate of 150 lb./in. Prior to shipment, a test was performed using a hydraulic ram. This test simulated actual field conditions and allowed the sway brace to move through the entire travel range in both compression and extension modes. --To be used in horizontal position --Buckling was a major concern because of extended overall length --Telescoping piston assembly was developed to eliminate threaded rod connections --Swivel rod ends were employed for tight clearances http://www.pipingtech.com/news/arc_pw_2009/snubs2009_01.htm (W:\\digital_camera\\2008\\August\\Sway Braces 94279)
- This project included two carbon steel sway struts with 2" adjustment capabilities for a cycle unit project. The sway struts are constructed of an 8" diameter pipe, 130 ¼" long, assembled with rod ends and brackets for an overall assembly length of 15'. The 2" adjustment capability is accompanied by a load capacity up to 128 KIPS. Sway struts are used to restrain movement of piping in one direction while providing movement from thermal expansion or contraction in another direction. Large load at 128,000 lb. (largest standard load is 68,000 lb.)
- Hydraulic snubber with 140,700 lb. load capacity for a power plant in Turkey Adjustable type snubber with two rear brackets Design Temperature: 375 ° F Design Pressure: 1,750 PSIG Stroke: 6 " --High load capacity --Standard practice Provide fixed end with no adjustment --Able to accommodate request to provide some (minimum plus/minus 2”) adjustment for site installation http://www.pipingtech.com/news/arc_pw_2008/snubs2008_01.htm
- 2 snubbers used in tandem (tandem snubber config.) Load range: 15,000 to 120,000 lb. --External housing developed to hold two mechanical snubber assemblies working in tandem --Maximum stroke for individual snubbers = 6" --Application shown required 10" overall stroke --Tests were conducted to confirm individual snubber mechanisms would “lock” simultaneously even at different positions with Re: individual cylinder position That concludes the section on shock control devices… if you have questions about snubbers, sway braces or sway struts, we have a panel of experts standing by, eager to answer your questions.
- 68,000 lb. load custom clamp This custom clamp will be used in conjunction with a hydraulic snubber to restrain pipe movement during extremely high disturbances and is designed to support the pipe where two heavy duty flanges join. The yoke, lugs, and strap sections of the clamp are carbon steel, and the clamp bolts and load bolt/pin are stainless steel. The outer diameter of the clamp section is 16", and the inner diameter is 10". The upper lugs are fabricated from ¾" thick plate with a 2 ¼" diameter load bolt. --Application where installation procedure dictated configuration of the clamp --Distance between yoke bolts allowed clamp to fit over 4" pipe and slide into position at flanges
- 8 sets of custom riser clamp assemblies designed for an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico Fabricated from API 2H grade 50 carbon steel Designed to support vertical pipe lines on an offshore platform Each set equipped with a neoprene lining, consists of two clamps and a clamp stand Several coats of marine paint finish were applied to the assemblies to prevent corrosion due to high salt water content and open air exposure --Tandem clamps on single base --All components coated for underwater service --Bolting material formulated for corrosive environment
- Structural pipe hangers designed for an ongoing project to rebuild the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. The pipe hangers are made out of A-36 carbon steel and galvanized to withstand corrosion from the ocean waters and rough winds. These supports will be welded to Pipe Shields’ C Model Anchor Plates, which are set in a cast concrete to the bottom cavity of the bridge. These supports utilize friction holding devices known as MegaLug®, which permit attachment to the pipes without welding. They were designed and fabricated to include improvements in regard to strength and durability to withstand high loads during earthquakes and other seismic events. --Act as riser type clamps supporting vertical piping --Eliminates lugs welded to pipe ductile iron piping --Flange incorporated into design permits attachment via “MegaLug” which bites into ductile iron pipe
- DO NOT, DO NOT, DO NOT….. DO NOT SAY TEFLON…. !!!!! Slide plates are a very cost-effective way to allow for movement of mechanical systems for very high temperatures and cryogenic temperatures as well. They are also suited for both high and low loads. - We supply slide plates for a variety of applications including support of piping, heavy equipments such as pressure vessels, and structural members. The plates provide a surface with a low coefficient of friction which can be attached to a supporting structure. This combination provides support while simultaneously allowing an object to move or slide freely along the supporting structure. Shown here are the five main materials used: PTFE, 25% Glass Filled, Bronzphite®, Graphite, Marinite and Stainless Steel (SS—talk about different sizes) - Sandwich Concept: Most designers use the “sandwich” concept, which is simply two slide plates one on top of another. Each slide plate is composed of two components: 1) metal backing plate, which is the “bun” of the sandwich and 2.) a low coefficient friction material which is bonded to the metal backing plate - The illustration on the bottom-right shows a slide plate that is welded on top of one steel beam supporting another steal beam. When the top beam moves, it slides across the surface of the plate without contacting the supporting beam. The top half of the “sandwich” is bonded to the sliding beam, bottom half of “sandwich” to the supporting beam. DO NOT, DO NOT, DO NOT….. DO NOT SAY TEFLON…. !!!!! If you need it…. NOTE: PTFE, 25% Glass Filled: PTFE is the abbreviation for Polytetrafluoroethylene. PT&P uses PTFE filled with 25% Glass Fibers (by weight). Fillers improve the strength and durability.
- DO NOT, DO NOT, DO NOT….. DO NOT SAY TEFLON…. !!!!! Starting from the left, you see F-Type variable spring supports that have PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates welded to the top of the load flange. The slide plates will allow for translational movement. Next is forty-three inch (43 " ) angled pipe shoes with a slide plate welded to a carbon steel plate, then welded onto the shoe to allow movement of the pipe during expansion and contraction. And lastly, you see a 200 U-Type constant spring support with a slide plate welded to the load flange to reduce the friction between the constant load flange and the structure above the support. This constant also includes slide plates between the table and the frame of the constant to reduce the friction on the table and improve constant deviation.
- 36 " diameter insulated pipe anchors that include base stops to prevent lateral movement of the anchor The design of the insulated stop plates allows the anchor to withstand 63,000 lb. The use of Polyurethane insulation allows for operating temperatures down to -300°F --Provides vertical support --Integrates pipe lug b/w consecutive layers of insulation to prevent lateral pipe movement --Insulation density monitored to insure compressive strength adequate for 63,000 lb/in 2 stress loading
- Injection-molded anchors for a LNG plant in New Brunswick, Canada These supports are used in a regassification terminal and are designed for -29°C ambient and -196°C fluid temperatures. The polyurethane foam insulation is injected into a mold with a pipe spool in place to ensure maximum fit. The pipe anchors are made from 516 Grade 70-N carbon steel. These supports were put through Finite Element Analysis and inspected by our Quality Control Department. --Poured in place anchor completely self contained --Utilizes portions of pipe spools supplied by customer --Large axial load capability developed --Act as anchor in all three dimensions --Required that special mixing procedures be developed to insure that correct volume and mixture of foam could be injected into mold structure (could not utilize sections)
- Designed for a pipe size of 84", this pre-insulated pipe support is able to withstand temperatures up to 1,220ºF. It is a wide base sliding hot shoe with up to 2" of axial travel and 3" of lateral travel. It can support loads up to 33,721 lb. and the support itself weighs approximately 1,900 lb. This high temperature pre-insulated pipe support will be utilized in a styrene plant. --Utilizes sections sandwiched together of different insulating materials --Louder half uses stronger/denser material
- Our U.S. Bellows division provides wide variety of expansion joint products and services. The general categories we supply can be described by the materials used and the type of movement provided. We also provide Emergency Replacement Services for time constrained issues that may arise. Pictured here are the different types of thin wall metallic expansion joints: - Single bellows expansion joints are the most economical. They absorb small amounts of axial, lateral and angular movements, and can deflect in any direction. - Hinged joints can bend in a single plane and are designed to accept the full pressure thrust. - A gimbal joint is similar to a hinged joint, except that instead of being limited to deflection in only one plane, it can accept bending or angulation in any plane. - Our tied universal expansion joint consists of two bellows separated by a pipe section or spool. The primary purpose of this arrangement is to have a unit which will accept large amounts of lateral deflection. The amount of lateral deflection they can accept is a function of the amount of angulation each bellows can absorb and the distance between the bellows. - On the second row, we have an elbow pressure balanced joint which retains and balance the pressure thrust so that main anchoring of the pipe or adjacent equipment is not required, and forces and movements on attachment flanges of delicate equipment, such as turbines, are kept to acceptably low levels. - Next, you see an inline pressure balanced expansion joint. When axial deflections exist, and anchoring is impractical for structural or economic reasons, such as high in the air or short straight pipe runs between two large vessels, the in-line pressure balanced expansion joint is a powerful solution to a difficult design problem. - Externally pressurized joints are used when large amounts of axial deflection are required in piping systems of relatively high pressure. Bellows which are internally pressurized have limitations due to the phenomenon called squirm. - A toroidal convolution consists of a circular tube (or totus) wrapped around weld ends or pipe ends having a gap at the I.D. to permit axial stroke. Most toroidal bellows are hydraulically formed which requires high pressure. Others are free formed, similar to blowing up a balloon. More accurate convolution shapes may be formed into toroidal dye cavities. Since this forming pressure is high, pressure resistance is also high.
- Shown here are additional expansion joint categories starting with the thick wall, flanged and flued head expansion joint. This type of expansion joint is cost-effective for large-diameter piping systems which operate at low pressure. Shown next is a slip-type, which is commonly used when the primary problem is large axial movement. Next is a rectangular metal expansion joint with rounded corners. Since there are no standard duct sizes, and due to the wide range of pressure and temperature combinations, each rectangular metal expansion joint is custom-engineered to provide the most economical design that will not sacrifice the integrity of the joint or the system in which it is installed. Our fabric joints are often used in ducts which carry hot gases at low pressures. Next to it, you see a neoprene fabric joint, which are mostly used in low temperature water applications. Lastly, is the clam shell bellows which is a thin wall metallic expansion joint.
- 43" hinged expansion joints with 5" refractory lining These expansion joints are part of FFC stand-pipes in a synfuels plant. Each expansion joint is fabricated of 2-ply Inconel bellows and ¾" wall pipe consisting of 2" thick attachment rings. After fabrication, the expansion joints were pneumatically tested and inter-plies tested. The bellows and pipes were 100% x-rayed and PMI tested. Thermal and structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed on the expansion joints to ensure the product is structurally sound and determining the thermal profile helps to prevent polythionic corrosion on the bellows. Design calculations were performed for all hardware including lug rings, gussets, hinge plates and pins.
- U.S. Bellows refurbished two pressure balanced expansion joints with a quick turnaround for a power generation plant during outages. The first 54" outside diameter expansion joint leaked from a crack in the bellows causing an unscheduled power plant outage. This particular expansion joint was fabricated for a high pressure turbine crossover piping for steam service of 97 PSIG at 634°F. The 27' long, 27,000 lb. expansion joint was refurbished in less than 4 weeks. This was made possible by utilizing dedicated employees working overtime 6 days a week. The 321 stainless steel bellows and carbon steel root rings were replaced. The outside cover bolts were removed and new bolts were installed. The second expansion joint was also for a high pressure turbine that was replaced during a planned outage. This expansion joint came in on October 30, 2006 and was ready to ship November 20, 2006. Overall length and center line to center line length were maintained to ensure easy installation. Both expansion joints were dye-penetrant tested and hydro-tested at 146 PSIG.
- That concludes our Product of the Week Showcase Webinar…. I hope everyone enjoyed the presentation and as a reminder, we have a staff of experts for each product category standing by to answer any questions you may have. You can just chat them now while in session until the end of the hour, you can also send them to us by e-mail at info@pipingtech.com