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© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Images for impact
How to create, edit, find images to
enhance your communications
Mary Williams
mwilliams@aspb.org
@PlantTeaching
June 2016
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Outline
• I will show you how to use
PowerPoint tools to manipulate and
optimize images
• I will show you how to use
PowerPoint tools to make appealing
diagrams
• I will show you how to find images
you can reuse
• I will show you obtain permission to
reuse images
Can this
information
be made
more
visually-
interesting?
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Simply clicking
on an icon turns
your bulleted list
into SmartArt.
There are many
possible default
forms of
SmartArt
SmartArt is a simple way to make
words into “images”
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
SmartArt turns your words into pictures
effortlessly
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
You can use default settings or
customize everything
Manipulate
and
optimize
images
Make
appealing
diagrams
Find
images you
can reuse
Obtain
permission
to reuse
images
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Just because it’s easy
doesn’t mean you
should over use it -
SmartArt should
reinforce your
message
Just because it’s easy
doesn’t mean you
should over use it -
SmartArt should
reinforce your
message
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
SmartArt with pictures
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Select your pictures and go to Picture
Layout
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Smart art with pictures
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Pictures and words in one image
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Pictures and words in one image, fully customizable
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
SmartArt is easy to use but a little goes a
long way
• Select SmartArt that
reinforces your meaning
(sequential, groups,
outputs, cycle)
• Use a consistent font
and color palette
throughout your
presentation
• Replace words with
pictures
• Use consistent symbols
throughout your
presentation
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Editing images within PowerPoint
Drag window to
frame your content
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Removing a background increases
the impact of your image
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
After you remove the
background, you can
layer your image
over a different
background, or add a
foreground
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Plants resist pathogens
through active processes that
include recognition of the
pathogen and defense
responses to fight it
Plants resist pathogens
through active processes that
include recognition of the
pathogen and defense
responses to fight it
Some images I’ve
created in PPT
Photo background
removed to
enhance impact of
figures
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Lignified xylem provides structural
support for vascular plants
115mSequoiasempervirens
Sydney Opera House 65 m Taj Mahal 65 m
Statue of Liberty 93 m
St. Paul’s Cathedral 111 m
The tallest living trees
tower over many
familiar monuments
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Editing images – Crop to shape
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Mschel; Image 14869 CDC/ Nasheka Powell
Household
water
pressure
0.3 MPa
Car tire
pressure
0.25 MPa
Pressure
required to
blow up a
balloon
0.01 MPa
Vacuum
cleaner -0.02
MPa
(household)
-0.1 MPa
(commercial)
Laboratory
vacuum
-0.01 MPa
Human blood
pressure
< 0.02 MPa
Inside typical plant cell
0.5 to 1.5 MPa
Pressure
washer
15 MPa
Inside xylem:
From +1 MPa to
-3 MPa or lower
* These numbers are relative to atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), not absolute
Pressure can be positive or negative
Photos cropped to
consistent shape
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Clip art plus cropped images
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Editing images – Color effects
Increase
brightness and
contrast
Desaturate
Recolor Recolor
Original
Artistic effects -
Posterize
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Starting from
scratch – using
drawing tools to
make cartoons
and diagrams
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Simple shapes are useful for cartoons
and diagrams
Necrotrophs:
•“Smash and grab”
•Produce toxins and cell wall-
degrading enzymes
Biotrophs:
•“Pretend harmony”
•Fewer cell wall-degrading enzymes
than non-biotrophs
•Evade detection and avoid
elicitation of defense responses
See for example Kemen, E. and Jones, J.D.G. (2012). Obligate biotroph parasitism: can we link genomes to lifestyles? Trends Plant Sci. 17:, and Spanu, P.D. (2012). The genomics of obligate (and nonobligate) biotrophs. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 50: Van
Kan, J.A.L. (2006). Licensed to kill: the lifestyle of a necrotrophic plant pathogen. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 247-253. Laluk K., and Mengiste T. (2010) Necrotroph attacks on plants: Wanton destruction or covert extortion? The Arabidopsis Book 8:e0136.
doi:10.1199/tab.0136. Glazebrook, J. (2005). Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 205–227.
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Ca is [CO2]
ambient Ca
Ci
Cc
Ci is [CO2]
inside the
leaf
Cc is [CO2]
inside the
chloroplast
gs is stomatal conductance of
CO2 (from outside the leaf to
inside the leaf air spaces)
gm is mesophyll conductance of CO2
(from air spaces into chloroplasts)
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Embryogenesis
Seed reserve
accumulation
Water content
Dry state,
Dispersal
Acquisition of
desiccation tolerance
Germination
Embryogenesis
Seed reserve
accumulation
Germination
Water content
Dispersal
Orthodox
seeds
Recalcitrant
seeds
Recalcitrant seeds
disperse without the
stability associated with
desiccation
Recalcitrant seeds
disperse without the
stability associated with
desiccation
Adapted from Franchi, G.G., Piotto, B., Nepi, M., Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. and Pacini, E. (2011). Pollen and seed desiccation tolerance in relation to degree of developmental arrest, dispersal, and survival. J. Exp. Bot. 62: 5267-5281.
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Salt water
Fresh waterFresh water
Salt water
An animal cell might burst Plant cell walls prevent them
from bursting
Cells have a lower osmotic
potential than pure water,
(because of the salts and
proteins in them), so water
moves into them
Salt water has a lower
osmotic potential than
cells, so water flows
outwards
Osmotic potential is written as Ψπ and measured in MegaPascals (MPa)
For seawater, Ψπ is about -2.5 MPa, and for a typical cell, Ψπ is about -0.8 MPa
Osmotic potential is written as Ψπ and measured in MegaPascals (MPa)
For seawater, Ψπ is about -2.5 MPa, and for a typical cell, Ψπ is about -0.8 MPa
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Assimilation of nutrients from food is a
complex process
Processing Mouth Stomach Intestine Blood
Maceration
α-amylase
digestion
of starch
Cell wall
fragments
and
cellulose
expelled
Digestion of
polymers to
monomers
Assimilation
into blood
Lipases
Chemical
contributions
from bacteria
Feedback and
homeostasis
mechanisms
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Fill shapes with gradients, transparent
color and custom colors
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Gradients can provide 3D effect
Choat, B., Cobb, A.R. and Jansen, S. (2008). Structure and function of bordered pits: new discoveries and impacts on whole-plant hydraulic function. New Phytol. 177: 608-626 with permission from Wiley; Adapted
from Myburg, A.A, Lev Yadun, S., and Sederoff, R.R. (Oct 2013) Xylem Structure and Function. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.‐
Tracheids (gymnosperm)
are narrow, up to 1 cm in
length, and perforated by
complex pit membranes
Vessels
(angiosperm) are
made from vessel
elements, which are
wide, short,
perforated by simple
pit membranes, and
have open or
perforated end walls
Tracheids
Length
0.1 – 1 cm
Diameter
5 -80 μm
Vessels
Length
1 cm - > 1 m
Diameter
15 - 500 μm
Vessel
Vessel
element
Vessel
Vessel
Vessel
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Semi-transparent shapes can highlight
features
Cochard, H., Lemoine, D., Améglio, T. and Granier, A. (2001). Mechanisms of xylem recovery from winter embolism in Fagus sylvatica. Tree Physiol. 21: 27-33 by permission of Oxford University Press.
0
20
0
30
20
40
0
60
100
80
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
In some grasses,
subsidiary cells
participate in guard
cell movement and
make the pores more
efficient
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Color match anything using instant
eyedropper
Install instant eyedropper
Select color code
Mouse-over any
pixel to get the color
Shape fill with custom color
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Color-match to hide imperfections
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Freehand drawing tools
flagella
chloroplast
nucleus
py
Trace to highlight
important features
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Connects
points with
straight
lines
Connects
points with
curves
Freehand
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Move points
Add / delete points
Change steepness of curve at point
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Wind, water, insects and chemotaxis help
pathogens reach their hosts
Freehand drawing
with clipart
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Finding images for reuse
You can search
images by usage
rights
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
There are many sites where you can find
images in the public domain
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
There are many sites where you can find
images in the public domain
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Many images have CC (creative
commons) licenses
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Flickr.com/clearwood
Tom Donald
Tom Donald has an extensive collection of CC-licensed plant images for you to use
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Many stock photo sites host free as well
as premium photos
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Most non-profit / educational needs are
covered by “Fair Use”
The fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by
reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other
means specified by that section, for purposes such as
criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including
multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or
research, is not an infringement of copyright.
In determining whether the use made of a work in any
particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered
shall include—the purpose and character of the use,
including whether such use is of a commercial nature or
is for nonprofit educational purposes;
the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and
substantiality of the portion used in relation to the
copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use
upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted
work.
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Most journals make it easy
to request images for
reuse – some charge a
fee, others don’t
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
Summary: Images enhance all of your
communication efforts
Dorothea Lang, public domain, New York Public Library

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Images for impact

  • 1. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Images for impact How to create, edit, find images to enhance your communications Mary Williams mwilliams@aspb.org @PlantTeaching June 2016
  • 2. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Outline • I will show you how to use PowerPoint tools to manipulate and optimize images • I will show you how to use PowerPoint tools to make appealing diagrams • I will show you how to find images you can reuse • I will show you obtain permission to reuse images Can this information be made more visually- interesting?
  • 3. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Simply clicking on an icon turns your bulleted list into SmartArt. There are many possible default forms of SmartArt SmartArt is a simple way to make words into “images”
  • 4. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists SmartArt turns your words into pictures effortlessly
  • 5. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists You can use default settings or customize everything Manipulate and optimize images Make appealing diagrams Find images you can reuse Obtain permission to reuse images
  • 6. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 7. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Just because it’s easy doesn’t mean you should over use it - SmartArt should reinforce your message Just because it’s easy doesn’t mean you should over use it - SmartArt should reinforce your message
  • 8. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists SmartArt with pictures
  • 9. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Select your pictures and go to Picture Layout
  • 10. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Smart art with pictures
  • 11. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Pictures and words in one image
  • 12. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Pictures and words in one image, fully customizable
  • 13. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 14. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 15. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists SmartArt is easy to use but a little goes a long way • Select SmartArt that reinforces your meaning (sequential, groups, outputs, cycle) • Use a consistent font and color palette throughout your presentation • Replace words with pictures • Use consistent symbols throughout your presentation
  • 16. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Editing images within PowerPoint Drag window to frame your content
  • 17. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Removing a background increases the impact of your image
  • 18. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 19. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists After you remove the background, you can layer your image over a different background, or add a foreground
  • 20. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 21. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Plants resist pathogens through active processes that include recognition of the pathogen and defense responses to fight it Plants resist pathogens through active processes that include recognition of the pathogen and defense responses to fight it Some images I’ve created in PPT Photo background removed to enhance impact of figures
  • 22. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Lignified xylem provides structural support for vascular plants 115mSequoiasempervirens Sydney Opera House 65 m Taj Mahal 65 m Statue of Liberty 93 m St. Paul’s Cathedral 111 m The tallest living trees tower over many familiar monuments
  • 23. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Editing images – Crop to shape
  • 24. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Mschel; Image 14869 CDC/ Nasheka Powell Household water pressure 0.3 MPa Car tire pressure 0.25 MPa Pressure required to blow up a balloon 0.01 MPa Vacuum cleaner -0.02 MPa (household) -0.1 MPa (commercial) Laboratory vacuum -0.01 MPa Human blood pressure < 0.02 MPa Inside typical plant cell 0.5 to 1.5 MPa Pressure washer 15 MPa Inside xylem: From +1 MPa to -3 MPa or lower * These numbers are relative to atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), not absolute Pressure can be positive or negative Photos cropped to consistent shape
  • 25. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Clip art plus cropped images
  • 26. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Editing images – Color effects Increase brightness and contrast Desaturate Recolor Recolor Original Artistic effects - Posterize
  • 27. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Starting from scratch – using drawing tools to make cartoons and diagrams
  • 28. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Simple shapes are useful for cartoons and diagrams Necrotrophs: •“Smash and grab” •Produce toxins and cell wall- degrading enzymes Biotrophs: •“Pretend harmony” •Fewer cell wall-degrading enzymes than non-biotrophs •Evade detection and avoid elicitation of defense responses See for example Kemen, E. and Jones, J.D.G. (2012). Obligate biotroph parasitism: can we link genomes to lifestyles? Trends Plant Sci. 17:, and Spanu, P.D. (2012). The genomics of obligate (and nonobligate) biotrophs. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 50: Van Kan, J.A.L. (2006). Licensed to kill: the lifestyle of a necrotrophic plant pathogen. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 247-253. Laluk K., and Mengiste T. (2010) Necrotroph attacks on plants: Wanton destruction or covert extortion? The Arabidopsis Book 8:e0136. doi:10.1199/tab.0136. Glazebrook, J. (2005). Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 205–227.
  • 29. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Ca is [CO2] ambient Ca Ci Cc Ci is [CO2] inside the leaf Cc is [CO2] inside the chloroplast gs is stomatal conductance of CO2 (from outside the leaf to inside the leaf air spaces) gm is mesophyll conductance of CO2 (from air spaces into chloroplasts)
  • 30. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Embryogenesis Seed reserve accumulation Water content Dry state, Dispersal Acquisition of desiccation tolerance Germination Embryogenesis Seed reserve accumulation Germination Water content Dispersal Orthodox seeds Recalcitrant seeds Recalcitrant seeds disperse without the stability associated with desiccation Recalcitrant seeds disperse without the stability associated with desiccation Adapted from Franchi, G.G., Piotto, B., Nepi, M., Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. and Pacini, E. (2011). Pollen and seed desiccation tolerance in relation to degree of developmental arrest, dispersal, and survival. J. Exp. Bot. 62: 5267-5281.
  • 31. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Salt water Fresh waterFresh water Salt water An animal cell might burst Plant cell walls prevent them from bursting Cells have a lower osmotic potential than pure water, (because of the salts and proteins in them), so water moves into them Salt water has a lower osmotic potential than cells, so water flows outwards Osmotic potential is written as Ψπ and measured in MegaPascals (MPa) For seawater, Ψπ is about -2.5 MPa, and for a typical cell, Ψπ is about -0.8 MPa Osmotic potential is written as Ψπ and measured in MegaPascals (MPa) For seawater, Ψπ is about -2.5 MPa, and for a typical cell, Ψπ is about -0.8 MPa
  • 32. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Assimilation of nutrients from food is a complex process Processing Mouth Stomach Intestine Blood Maceration α-amylase digestion of starch Cell wall fragments and cellulose expelled Digestion of polymers to monomers Assimilation into blood Lipases Chemical contributions from bacteria Feedback and homeostasis mechanisms
  • 33. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Fill shapes with gradients, transparent color and custom colors
  • 34. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 35. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Gradients can provide 3D effect Choat, B., Cobb, A.R. and Jansen, S. (2008). Structure and function of bordered pits: new discoveries and impacts on whole-plant hydraulic function. New Phytol. 177: 608-626 with permission from Wiley; Adapted from Myburg, A.A, Lev Yadun, S., and Sederoff, R.R. (Oct 2013) Xylem Structure and Function. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.‐ Tracheids (gymnosperm) are narrow, up to 1 cm in length, and perforated by complex pit membranes Vessels (angiosperm) are made from vessel elements, which are wide, short, perforated by simple pit membranes, and have open or perforated end walls Tracheids Length 0.1 – 1 cm Diameter 5 -80 μm Vessels Length 1 cm - > 1 m Diameter 15 - 500 μm Vessel Vessel element Vessel Vessel Vessel
  • 36. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Semi-transparent shapes can highlight features Cochard, H., Lemoine, D., Améglio, T. and Granier, A. (2001). Mechanisms of xylem recovery from winter embolism in Fagus sylvatica. Tree Physiol. 21: 27-33 by permission of Oxford University Press. 0 20 0 30 20 40 0 60 100 80 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun In some grasses, subsidiary cells participate in guard cell movement and make the pores more efficient
  • 37. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Color match anything using instant eyedropper Install instant eyedropper Select color code Mouse-over any pixel to get the color Shape fill with custom color
  • 38. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Color-match to hide imperfections
  • 39. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Freehand drawing tools flagella chloroplast nucleus py Trace to highlight important features
  • 40. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Connects points with straight lines Connects points with curves Freehand
  • 41. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Move points Add / delete points Change steepness of curve at point
  • 42. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Wind, water, insects and chemotaxis help pathogens reach their hosts Freehand drawing with clipart
  • 43. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Finding images for reuse You can search images by usage rights
  • 44. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists There are many sites where you can find images in the public domain
  • 45. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists There are many sites where you can find images in the public domain
  • 46. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Many images have CC (creative commons) licenses
  • 47. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists
  • 48. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Flickr.com/clearwood Tom Donald Tom Donald has an extensive collection of CC-licensed plant images for you to use
  • 49. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Many stock photo sites host free as well as premium photos
  • 50. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Most non-profit / educational needs are covered by “Fair Use” The fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include—the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
  • 51. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Most journals make it easy to request images for reuse – some charge a fee, others don’t
  • 52. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists Summary: Images enhance all of your communication efforts Dorothea Lang, public domain, New York Public Library

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EXSWc9d1WY A nice animated video showing seed dispersal in mangroves