2. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
IN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL
WORK PRACTICE
PRESENTED TO
DR. RAJESH KUSHWAH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
PRESENTED BY
POOJA SHARMA
ROLL NO.-19
MSW 1ST SEM OF ISS,
AGRA, INDIA

4. CONTENT
▪ Introduction
▪ Meaning & Definition
▪ Characteristics Of Personality
▪ Factors Influencing Personality Development
▪ Theories Of Personality
▪ Purpose Of Personality Theories
▪ Theories Of Personality’s Types

5. Introduction
Who am I?
It is a simple question but it can be very difficult to answer. You could
answer this question by telling your name, your designation, your place
where you live, your hobbies, your passion, or a description of your
belief and your values. There are millions of humans with millions of
answer to this question and each one can tell a different story about who
you are.
We have a lot in common with our fellow humans like race, religion,
values, and eye colour.
There is one thing that makes us each unique is "Personality".

7. Definition
According to Allport,
1961, p. 28, "Personality is
the dynamic organization
within the individual of
those psychophysical
systems that determine his
characteristics behavior and
thought".
According to Weinberg &
Gould, 1999,“The
characteristics or blend of
characteristics that make a
person unique”.

8. Definition
According to American Psychological Association, Personality refers
to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and
behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is
understanding individual differences in particular personality
characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is
understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a
whole.
Adapted from the Encyclopedia of Psychology
According to Merriam Webster, The set of emotional qualities, ways of
behaving, etc., that makes a person different from other people.

9. Characteristics Of Personality
• Whole rather than its parts
• Unique
• Comprises of heredity and environment
• Made up of traits
• Dynamic
• Organized

10. Factors Influencing
Personality Development
Personality Factors
Biological Factors
Physique
Chemique
Nervous System
Sociological Factors
Home
School
Language
Culture

11. Factors Influencing
Personality Development
Personality Factors
Psychological Factors
Intelligence
Motivation
Emotion
Attitude
Interest
Sentiment

12. Theories Of Personality
Psychoanalytic Theories
Attempt to explain human behaviour in terms of interaction of various
components of personality.
Trait Theories
Attempt to learn what trait make up personality and how they relate to
actual behaviour
Social-Cognitive Theory
Attribute difference in personality to socialization, expectations, and
mental processes

13. Theories Of Personality
Humanistic Theories
Focus on private, subjective experience and personal growth
Behaviourist Personality Theory
Focus on the inner working of personality, especially internal conflicts and
struggles

14. Purpose Of Personality Theories
First Purpose
To provide a way of organising the many characteristics you know
about yourself and other people. Example - Outgoing or shy, quick
tempered or clam, witty or dull.
Second Purpose
To explain the difference among individuals
Third Purpose
Explore how people conduct their lives.
Fourth Purpose
Determine how life can be improved.

15. Theories Of Personality
Type and Trait
Theories
Allport's
Personality
Theory
The Five-
Factor
Model of
Personality
Galen's
Personality
Theory
Psychodynami
c Theories
Adler's
Personality
Theory
Freud's
Personality
Theory
Jung's
Personality
Theory
Humanistic
Theories
Maslow's
Personality
Theory
Rogers'
Personality
Theory
Social-
Learning
Theories
Bandura's
Personality
Theory
Mischel's
Personality
Theory
Cantor's
Personality
Theory
Self Theories
James'
Personality
Theory
Markus'
Personality
Theory

16. Jung's Personality Theory
CARL JUNG,
SWISS
PSYCHIATRIST
WHO WAS A
FREUDIAN
DISCIPLE, believed
that “ The meeting of
two personalities is
like the contact of two
chemical substances:
if there is any
reaction, both are
transformed.” CARL
JUNG

17. JUNG’S THEORY OF TWO TYPES:
Jung began his explanation of personality by stating four functions
first. When mixed with one of two attitudes, these functions formed
eight personality types. The four functions included feeling, thinking,
sensation, and intuition.
1. Feeling is the persons ability to understand objects.
2. Thinking allows a human to understand objects.
3. Sensation is when a human knows something exists.
4. Intuition is knowing something exists but not knowing where they
learned that.

18. JUNG’S THEORY OF TWO TYPES:
He said all of us belong to one of two personality types:
1. Introvert: Shy, self-centered person whose attention is focused
inward.
2. Extrovert: Bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed
outward.
Each of it include further 4 personality

19. Jung created this theory seeking to find ones real being. His goal was for
one to truly define themselves and reach what they were meant to do.
Individualism was the upmost important aspect of life according to Jung.
Here is a chart to further help explain Jung's personality theory:

20. Jung’s Eight Personality Types
Include:
Extrove
rted
Thinkin
g
Humans are able to see the world through complex and
solid ideas but these complex ones often handed down or
moved on by others. These people often work in math and
science fields.
Introve
rted
Thinkin
g
Humans see how the world works in a subjective and
creative way. This analysis is based off of internal
knowledge. These people often work in science field as
well.
Extrove
rted
Feeling
Humans base their judgements on factual, known
information. They form their assessments on social values
and beliefs. These people often work in business fields and
politics.

21. Jung’s Eight Personality Types
Include:
Introve
rted
Feeling
Humans base their feelings on emotional feelings and
beliefs. These people often work in the art field.
Extrove
rted
Sensing
Humans looks at the world and interpret reality. They see
what is going and go with it. They are not influenced by
other opinions. These people often work as taste testers or
proof readers.
Introve
rted
Sensing
Humans look for a hidden message or meaning to
something. They do not just look at something and see it
being there without a reason. These meanings are based on
internal reflection. These people often work in the art field
as well.

23. Adler's Personality Theory:
ALFRED ADLER
1. Adler stressed a positive view
of human nature.
2. He believed that individuals
can control their fate. They
can do this in part by trying to
help others (social interest).
3. How they do this can be
understood through analyzing
their lifestyle.
4. Early interactions with family
members, peers, and teachers
help to determine the role of
inferiority and superiority in
their lives.

24. Adler's Personality Theory:
Adler's Personality Theory was created by Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937).
Adler called his theory Individual Psychology because he believed that
people were unique and that no theory created before his applied to all
people. He originally followed Sigmund Freud's teachings but left after a
disagreement of Freud's theory which says that the drive of human behavior
is sex. Adler's Personality Theory is similar to that of Freud's Personality
Theory except that Adler's drive for human behavior is the need to
overcome the feelings of inferiority.
Inferiority is a feeling that humans feel since they are born. They grow up
being dependent on their parents and feeling like they cannot do anything

25. Adler's Personality Theory:
Adler's Personality Theory was created by Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937).
Adler called his theory Individual Psychology because he believed that
people were unique and that no theory created before his applied to all
people. He originally followed Sigmund Freud's teachings but left after a
disagreement of Freud's theory which says that the drive of human behavior
is sex. Adler's Personality Theory is similar to that of Freud's Personality
Theory except that Adler's drive for human behavior is the need to
overcome the feelings of inferiority.
Inferiority is a feeling that humans feel since they are born. They grow up
being dependent on their parents and feeling like they cannot do anything

26. Adler's Personality Theory:
on their own. It is humans drive to overcome inferiority and become
superior which causes humans to act. Humans act to achieve perfection
and superiority. Those that do feel like they are being overwhelmed by
feelings of inferiority will develop an inferiority complex. An inferiority
complex brings an exaggerated feeling of inferiority on the sufferer and
they will feel less motivated to strive for superiority.

27. Adler's Psychological Types
Ruling Type Learning Type Avoiding Type Socially Useful
Type
This type refers to
those who will push
others in order to gain
superiority. They have
a lot of energy which
causes them to push
others out of their
way. This type
contains bullies,
sadist, alcoholics, etc.
Those who fall under
this type are sensitive and
build a shell around
themselves. They have
low energy levels. They
are dependent on others
to help them with life
difficulties. When
overwhelmed they
develop phobias,
obsessions, anxiety, etc.
These people are
people who
survive by
avoiding life.
They have the
lowest energy
levels. They
usually become
psychotic, living
in their own
worlds.
This is a
healthy
person. They
have the right
amount of
energy and
take interest in
others.

28. Adler's Personality Theory:
There are problems with Adler's Personality Theory however. One
weakness of this theory is that it isn’t very scientific. Adler’s theory is
based of on the strive for superiority and the feelings of inferiority but
you cannot measure or test such a thing. Also the theory doesn’t explain
every personality of every human. A firstborn child doesn’t always feel
like the attention he was receiving went to the middle child nor does the
middle child always feel the need to surpass the firstborn child.

29. GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT
THEORIES:
Allport: Allport Most
important personality
traits are those that
reflect our values.
In 1936, psychologist
Gordon Allport gave
the “THREE TRAIT
THEORY”
1.Cardinal Traits
2.Central Traits
3.Secondary Traits

30. GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT
THEORIES:
Allport:
Allport Most important personality traits are those that reflect our values.
Allport suggested that there are 3 kinds of traits:
• cardinal: a single personality trait that directs most of a cardinal person’s
activities (e.g., greed, lust, kindness).
• central: a set of major characteristics that make up the central core of a person’s
personality.
• secondary: less important personality traits that do not secondary affect behavior
as much as central and cardinal traits do.

31. GORDON ALLPORT’s TRAIT
THEORIES:
Allport theory
He identified 17953 terms to define personality.
After careful analysis he found 4541 term to define an individual
Allport Trait theory
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (1937)
Allport defined Trait as “ a generalized and focalized neuropsychic
system with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent,
and to initiate and guide consistent forms of adoptive and expressive
behavior (Allport, 1937).

32. REFERENCE:
https://www.theladders.com/wp-
content/uploads/personality_190417-800x450.jpg
https://www.slideshare.net/faisalshaan7/theories-of-personality-
87874243
https://www.callcentrehelper.com/images/stories/2007/11/2-
faced-760.jpg
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theoriesofpersonality-
180212192042/95/theories-of-personality-4-
638.jpg?cb=1518463419
https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-
theories.html#:~:text=%22Personality%20is%20the%20dynamic
%20organization,Weinberg%20%26%20Gould%2C%201999).

33. REFERENCE:
https://www.apa.org/topics/personality
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/personality
https://www.slideshare.net/Vijirayar/personality-59878190
https://www.slideshare.net/faisalshaan7/theories-of-personality-
87874243
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carljung-140802210559-
phpapp01/95/carl-jung-11-638.jpg?cb=1407013600
https://practicalpie.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Introvert-
Extravert-Jungian-Archetypes.png
https://www.slideshare.net/Vijirayar/personality-59878190