2. CONCEPT & IMPORTANCE OF TRADE
TRADE – Transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE – The exchange of capital, goods, and services across
international borders or territories.
FREE TRADE – laissez-faire, a policy by which a government does not
discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by applying tariffs (to imports)
or subsidies (to exports).
TRADE PROTECTIONISM – A type of policy that limits unfair competition from
foreign industries. It's a politically motivated defensive measure.
COMPETITION POLICY – Applying rules to make sure businesses and
companies compete fairly with each other. Its benefit include Low price, Better
Quality, More Choice, creation of employment, Promotion of Innovation etc.
3. FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVE OF REGULATORY
REFORM
To infuse dynamic efficiency (3 conditions)
1. Existence of near- Perfect competition among producers
2. All consumers are fully informed
3. low switching cost – It refers to cost a consumer incurs while switching from one
option to another.
4. INCOTERMS (International Commercial Terms)
Pre-defined commercial terms published by the international chamber of commerce
(ICC) these are widely used in international commercial transactions. First published
in 1936.
It defines the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of
shipment and the transfer of liability involved at various stages of the transactions.
TABLE: -
INCOTERMS INCOTERMS
DAP – Delivered at Place FCA – Free Carrier
CIF – Cost, Insurance & Fright DDP – Delivered Duty Paid
DAT – Delivered at Terminal EEI – Electronic Export Information
FCA – Free Carrier CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid
EXW CPT – Carriage Paid to
5. Export & Import
Export –shipping the goods and services out of the port of a country. seller of such
goods and services is referred to as an "exporter“.
Import – A good or service brought into one country from another. One who imports
goods and services from another country is known as importer.
6. Export Process
Establish an
organisation
Open a bank
account PAN CARD IEC
RCMC
{Registration cum
membership
certificate}
Product
Selection
Market
SelectionFind Buyers
Sampling Pricing/
Costing
Negotiation
with buyers
Covering Risks
through ECGC
7. PROCESSING AN EXPORT ORDER
Confirmati
on of order
Procureme
nt of goods
Quality
Control
Finance
Labelling,
packaging,
marketing
Insurance
Delivery
Customs
Procedure CHA
Documen
tation
Submission of
documents to
bank
Realisation
of export
proceeds
8. EXPORT DOCUMENTATION
25 documents Pre-shipment stage to export transaction these documents are
categorised in to 2 types, Commercial & Regulatory.
2 master documents are prepared one for commercial and another for Regulatory.
Export Documentation
(25)
Commercial
(16)
Regulatory
(9)
9. DOCUMENTS
Aligned documentation system – An Exporter’s compulsion to prepare separately a
number of documents all containing practically same information.
The following 16 commercial documents are generally involved for pre shipment stage.
Proforma Invoice, Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Shipping Instruction, Intimation of
Inspection, Certificate of inspection, Insurance declaration, Certificate of insurance,
Shipping order, Mate’s Receipt, Bill of lading/ combined transport document, Application
for certificate of origin, Bill of exchange, Shipment Advice, Letter to bank for collection/
Negotiation of documents.
The following 9 regulatory documents are generally involved for pre shipment stage.
Gate pass 1/ 2- deleted now, AR-4 form, Shipping bill/ Bill of export, Export application/
Dock challan/ Port trust copy of shipping bill, Receipt of payment of port charges, Vehicle
chit, Exchange control Declaration (GRIPP) Forms, Freight payment certificate, Insurance
premium payment certificate
10. FORMS
GR FORM {Guaranteed Remittance}
PP FORM {Parcel Post}
VP COD {Value Payable}
Export Declaration Form
Export Invoice {Bill by Exporter}
Proforma Invoice
Commercial Invoice {Documents of Contents}
Packaging List
Mates Receipt {Given by Captain of ship}
Bill of Lading
Certificate of Origin
Shipping bill
11. IMPORT OF GOODS
Import of unrestricted items
Import of restricted items – apply for import licence under negative list.
Import of Capital goods
12. CUSTOM CLEARANCE PROCEDURE FOR
IMPORTED GOODS
Import Manifest {Sec 30, Customs Act 1962} – Must be submitted 24 hrs of the
arrival of the shipment.
Entry in the Import Department of customs House – once shipment arrival
information is receive it must be prepared in prescribed format to import department
of customs.
Presentation of bill of entry for appraisal
Clearance of Goods
Warehousing the Goods
Import Follow-up
13. IMPORT PROCESS
Bill of entry is to be prepared
Self assessment of imported goods – a declaration is given by importer which is
verified by the proper officer.{Risk Management system}
Examination of goods
Execution of bonds
Payment of duty
Amendment of Bill of Entry
Prior Entry for Bill of Entry – Before arrival of shipment
Bill of entry for bond/ warehousing
Risk Management system
14. DOCUMENTS FOR CUSTOM CLEARANCE
Invoice
Packaging list
Bill of entry {Import goods declaration}
Bill of Lading {Detail of Ships cargo}
Airway bill
CEPA / CECA{Comprehensive Economic Partnership/Cooperation Agreement}
GR FORM {Exchange Control Declaration form}
AR – 1 Form {Application for removal of excisable goods on payment of duty}
AR – 4 Form {This form is prepared so that the export officer will not examine the
good as the goods are sealed}
