This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes the different types of solid waste including municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, and hazardous waste. It outlines the various sources of solid waste such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural. The document describes the characteristics of solid waste including moisture content, density, particle size, and chemical composition. It also discusses the factors that affect the generation rate of solid waste and the functional elements and methods for managing and disposing of solid waste.

1. Solid Waste Management

2. What is a solid waste
• Any material that we discard, that is not liquid
or gas, is solid waste
– Municipal Solid Waste (MSW):
• Solid waste from home or office
– Industrial Solid Waste:
• Solid waste produced from Mines, Agriculture or
Industry

3. Sources of Solid Waste
Sources
Typical facilities ,activities, or
location where wastes are
generated
Types of solid waste
Residential Low,medium,high rise apartments food waste,rubbish,ashes
Commercial
Restaurants,markets,offices,shops,
institutions etc
food
waste,rubbish,ashes,constru
ction waste, occasionally
hazardous waste
Industrial
Refineries, chemical plant, power
plants, fabrication
special waste, hazardous
waste,ashes
Open Areas
Streets,parks,playgrounds,beaches,
highways, recreational areas
special waste, rubbish
Treatment Plant
sites
water, waste water and industrial
treatment process
treatment plant waste,
sludges
Agricultural
field, vineyards, dairy farm, row
crops etc
spolied crop, agricultural
waste, rubbish, hazardous
waste

4. Types of solid waste
Food waste:
• Animal,fruit or vegetable residues resulting from
handling,preparation,cooking and eating of foods.
• also called as garbage
• highly putrescible and will decompose rapidly,especially in
warm weather leading to offensive odour
Rubbish:
• consists of combustible and non combustible solid wastes of
households,institutions, commercial activities excluding food
waste.
• Typically combustible materials consists of
paper,cardboard,plastics,leather,wood,furniture.
• Non-combustible consists of glass, crockery,tin cans, dirt,
ferrous & non ferrous materials

5. Ashes & Residues:
• Materials remaining from the burning of wood,coal and other
combustible wastes in home,stores,institutions and industrial
facilities for purpose of heating,cooking and disposing.
• composed of fine,powdery materials,clinkers, and small
amounts of burned and partially burned materials
• Glass, crockery and various metals are also found in residues
from municipal incinerators.
Construction and Demolition wastes:
• wastes from demolished buildings and other structures.
• wastes from construction, repairing of individual residencies,
commercial buildings.
• It includes dirt,stones,concrete,bricks, plumbing, heating and
electrical parts.

6. Special Waste:
• Wastes such as street sweepings, roadside litter, dead
animals, abandoned vehicles.
• Because it is impossible to predict where dead animals and
abandoned vehicles will be found, these wastes are often
identified as originating from non specific sources
Treatment plant wastes:
• solid and semi soild wastes from water,waste water and
industrial waste treatment facilities.
• special characteristicss of these materials vary depending on
the nature of treatment process.

7. Agricultural Waste:
• Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural
activities such as planting and harvesting of fields, crops,
operation of feedlots.
Hazardous wastes:
• chemical,biological,flammable,explosive or radioactive wastes
that pose a substantial danger,immediately or over time, to
human,plant or animal life.
• wastes occurs as liquids,but often found in form of
gases,solids or sludges.

8. Characteristics of solid waste
Moisture Content
• weight of moisture per unit weight of wet or dry material
• Moisture content (%)=
where a = initial weight of sample as delivered
b = weight of sample after drying
• For most municipal solid wastes, the moisture content will
vary from 15 to 40 percent, depending on the composition
of the wastes, the season of the year, and the humidity and
weather conditions, particularly rain.
a b
a
−




100

9. Density
• to assess the total mass and volume of water that must be
managed. Unfortunately, there is little or no uniformity in the
way solid waste densities
• Because the densities of solid wastes vary markedly with
geographic location, season of the year, the length of time in
storage, great care should be used in selecting typical values.
• Municipal solid wastes as delivered in compaction vehicles
have been found to have a typical value about 300 kg/m3.
Particle Size and size distribution
• The size and size distribution of the component materials in
solid wastes are an important consideration in the recovery of
materials, especially with mechanical means such as screens
and magnetic separators.

10. Chemical Composition:
• Information on the chemical composition of solid wastes is
important in evaluating alternative processing and recovery
options. For example, consider the incineration process.
• Typically, wastes can be thought of as a combination of
semimoist combustible and non-combustible materials.
• If solid wastes are to be used as fuel, the four most important
properties to be known are:
1. Proximate analysis
a. Moisture (loss at 105⁰C for 1 h)
b. Volatile matter (additional loss on ignition at 9500C)
c. Ash (residue after burning)
d. Fixed carbon (remainder)
2. Fusing point of ash
3. Ultimate analysis, percent of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), S
(Sulphur), and ash
4. Heating value.

11. Factors affecting Generation rate of
solid waste
• Geographic Location
• Season of the year
• Frequency of collection
• Characteristics of population
• Extent of Recycling
• Legislation
• Public attitudes

12. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

13. Functional Elements of SWM

14. Waste Management

15. Disposal of Solid Waste
• On-site (at home)
• Open Dump
• Sanitary Landfill
• Incineration
• Ocean dumping