the concept is about conversion of co2 into dry ice to reduce air polluton

1. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL –
DRY ICE METHOD

2. CONTENTS:
• Consequences Of CO2 As A major pollutant.
• Co2 separation methods.
• Dry ice properties & preparation.
• Dry ice storage.
• Dry ice disposure.
• Dry ice applications.
• Advantages & disadvantages.

3. Separation of CO2 from flue gases.
Preparation of Dry Ice by various methods.
Applications , Storage , Disposure of dry ice.

4. ConsequencesOfCO2As A majorpollutant:
• Co2 is a major contributor of green house gases supply to the
earth s atmosphere along with methane and nitrous oxides
• Co2 is the 70% contributor to global warming according to
global green house emissions and also it is a direct result of
human emissions
• Co2 contributors are fossil fuels and combustion from the
industries as well as the various factors such as household gas
and firewood combustion
• Incrersing deforestation has led to decline in co2 absorbtion
• Oceans too absorb co2 but they have a limited amount to
absorbtion ,incresed absorbtion can lead to oceanic
acidification .

5. Separation Of CO2 FromFlueGases:
• Cryogenics :
• CO2 can be separated from other gases by cooling and condensation.
Cryogenic separation is widely used commercially for streams that
already have high CO2 concentrations (typically >90%) but it is not
used for more dilute CO2 streams.
• Separation with sorbents/solvents :
• amines are used to capture CO2 from flue gas streams
e.g. coal fired power station in the USA where 150 t/d of CO2 is
captured.
• Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is a widely used type of amine for CO2
capture.

6. • Membranes
• Gas separation membranes allow one component in a gas
stream to pass through faster than the others.
• There are many different types of gas separation membrane,
including porous inorganic membranes,palladium membranes,
polymeric membranes.
• Membranes cannot usually achieve high degrees of
separation, so multiple stages and/or recycle of one of the
streams is necessary. This leads to increased complexity,
energy consumption and costs.

8. Properties&PreparationofDry Ice:
• Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide,comprising two
oxygen atoms bonded to a single carbon atom.
• It is colourless, with a sour zesty odour, non-flammable, and
slightly acidic.
• At pressures below 5.13 atm and temperatures below −56.4 °C
CO2 changes from a solid to a gas with no intervening liquid
form, through a process called sublimation.
• The opposite process is called deposition, where CO2 changes
from the gas to solid phase (dry ice). At atmospheric pressure,
sublimation occurs at −78.5 °C .
• Dry ice is typically produced in two standard forms: blocks and
cylindrical pellets. Pellets are around 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter.

9. Preparation:
• First, gases with a high concentration of carbon dioxide are
produced.
• Second, the carbon dioxide-rich gas is pressurized and
refrigerated until it liquifies. Next, the pressure is reduced.
When this occurs some liquid carbon dioxide vaporizes,
causing a rapid lowering of temperature of the remaining
liquid
• As a result, the extreme cold causes the liquid to solidify into
a snow-like consistency. Finally, the snow-like solid carbon
dioxide is compressed into either small pellets or larger blocks
of dry ice.

10. ApplicationsofDryIce:
• Industrial:
1. One of the largest mechanical uses of dry ice is blast
cleaning. Dry ice pellets are shot from a nozzle with
compressed air, combining the power of the speed of the
pellets with the action of the sublimation. This can remove
residues from industrial equipment.
2. Dry ice blasting can replace sandblasting, steam blasting,
water blasting or solvent blasting.
3. It is also useful as a cutting fluid.
4. Dry ice can be used for loosening asphalt floor tiles

11. • Commercial :
1. The most common use of dry ice is to preserve food.
2. Dry ice can be used to arrest and prevent insect activity in
closed containers of grains and grain products.
3. It can prevent or retard food oils and fats from becoming
rancid.
4. Dry ice is useful in theater productions that require dense
fog effects.
5. For plumbing purpose.

12. Storage&Disposure:
• Dry Ice Boxes and Dry Ice Containers
Optimum dry ice logistics requires optimum storage of dry ice.

13. Torpedo:
Like nuclear waste dry ice can be disposed using torpedo
in tectonic faults of earth.

14. ADVANTAGES-
• BY USING THIS PROJECT WE CAN REDUCE CARBON
FOOTPRINT.
• DRY ICE PREPARED , CAN BE USED COMMERCIALLY AND
INDUSTRIALLY.
• WE CAN APPLY IT AT SMALL SCALE AND LARGE SCALE
INDUSTRIES.
• IT LARGELY USED FOR DRY ICE BLASTING.

15. DISADVANTAGES-
• FOR SMALL SCALE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WORKING
MODEL IS NOT ECONOMICAL.
• DRY ICE REQUIRES EXPERT HANDLING IS NECESSARY.
• DRY ICE STORAGE REQUIRES EXTREMLY COLD CONDITIONS.