3. How people affect others and how they understand and
view themselves, as well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and the person situation intervention
- Fred Luthans
Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual
reacts to and interacts with others
-Stephen P. Robbins
6. Personality traits
Ways to measure personality
Powerful indicators of personality
Broadly depicts an individual
7.
8. Personality Traits: History
17953
• Gordon Allport and Odbert identified 17953 traits
• Very difficult to predict individual’s behavior
171
• R.B. Cattell reduced the number to 171
16
• Further, he revised them to 16
• These traits are steady and constant sources of
behavior
13. Different methods of Assessment of
Personality traits
• Taking an Interview of a person
• Rating scale method
• Projective proficiency method
• MBTI Indicator
• Big Five model
14. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
• Developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her
mother Katharine Briggs
• A 100-question personality test that asks
people how they usually feel or act in
particular situations
• One of the most widely used test for traits
assessments
15. • On the basis of answers, person is
categorized amongst following-
– Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or on your
own inner world?
– Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or I)
• Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you
take in or do you prefer to interpret and add
meaning?
16. – Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at
logic and consistency or first look at the people and
special circumstances?
– Judging vs. Perceiving ( P or J)
• In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get
things decided or do you prefer to stay open to new
information and options?
17. Extroverted
• Like to get energy from
active involvement in
events and having a lot of
different activities
• Excited when around
people
• Like to move into action
and make things happen
Introverted
• Like to get energy from
dealing with the ideas,
pictures, memories, and
reactions that are present
in inner world
• Often prefer doing things
alone or with one or two
people
• Take time to reflect
18. Sensing
• Pay attention to physical
reality
• Concerned with what is
actual, present, current
and real
• Experience speaks louder
than words
• Notice facts and remembers
details
Intuitive
• Pay most attention to
impressions or meaning and
patterns of the information
• Learn by thinking a
problem through than by
hands-on experience
• Remember events more as
impressions than as actual
facts or details
19. Thinking
• Make decision by finding
the basic truth or principal
to be applied
• Like to analyze pros and
cons and then be
consistent and logical in
deciding
• Try to be impersonal,
won’t let personal wishes
influence decisions
Feeling
• Make decision weighing
what people care about and
the points-of-view of
persons involved in a
situation
• Concerned with values and
what is the best for the
people involved
20. Judging
• Prefer a planned or orderly
way of life
• Like to have things settled
and organized
• Feel more comfortable
when decisions are made
• Like to bring life under
control as much as possible
Perceiving
• Prefer a flexible and
spontaneous way of life
• Like to understand and
adapt to the world rather
than organize it
• Stay open to new
experiences and
information.
22. • ISTJ
– Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness and
dependability
• ISFJ
– Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious
• INFJ
– Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and
material possessions
• INTJ
– Have original minds and great drive for implementing
their ideas and achieving their goals
23. • ISTP
– Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem
appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions
• ISFP
– Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present
moment, what's going on around them
• INFP
– Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are
important to them
• INTP
– Seek to develop logical explanations for everything that
interests them
24. • ESTP
– Flexible and tolerant, they take a pragmatic approach
focused on immediate results
• ESFP
– Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of
life, people, and material comforts
• ENFP
– Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life as full of
possibilities
• ENTP
– Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and outspoken
25. • ESTJ
– Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to
implement decisions
• ESFJ
– Warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Want harmony
in their environment, work with determination to establish it
• ENFJ
– Warm, empathetic, responsive, and responsible. Highly
attuned to the emotions, needs, and motivations of others
• ENTJ
– Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies,
develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve
organizational problems
26. • MBTI is not intended to determine whether
you have the “right” personality
• The essence of the theory is-
– variation in the behaviour is actually quite orderly and
consistent, being due to different personality traits and
differences in the ways individuals prefer to use their
perception and judgment
• Flaws in MBTI
– It forces the person to be categorised either one
category or another. This means a person is either
extrovert or introvert
– It uses forced-choice and bi-polar scales, not continuous
scores and scales
29. Extroversion
• Capture’s one’s
comfort level with
relationship
• Extraverts tend to
be gregarious,
assertive, sociable
• Introverts tend to
be reserved, timid,
quite
30. Agreeableness
• Individual’s
propensity to defer to
others
• Highly agreeable
people are co-
operative, warm,
trusting
• Low score agreeable
people are cold,
disagreeable,
antagonistic
31. Conscientiousness
• It’s a measure of
reliability
• Highly conscientiousness
person is responsible,
organised, dependable,
persistent
• Low score
conscientiousness person
is distracted,
disorganised, unreliable
32. Emotional Stability
• Measure’s person’s
ability to withstand
stress
• Positive emotional
stability people are
calm, self-confident,
secure
• Negative emotional
stability people are
nervous, anxious,
depressed, insecure
33. Openness to Experience
• Depicts one’s range of
interests & fascination
with novelty
• Extremely open people
are creative, curious,
artistically sensitive
• Those who put limit on
their openness are
conventional & find
comfort in the familiar
34. High Average Low
Extroversion 1.Extroverted,
outgoing, active,
high-spirited
2.Prefer people
around them
most of the time
1.Moderate in
activity &
enthusiasm
2.Enjoy privacy
of others but also
value privacy
1.Introverted,
reserved, serious
2.Prefer to be
alone or with a
few close friends
Agreeableness 1.Compassionate
, good-natured,
eager to
cooperate &
avoid conflict
1.Warm,
trusting,
agreeable
2.Sometimes be
stubborn
&competitive
1.Hard-headed,
sceptical, proud
& competitive
2.Tend to
express anger
directly
35. High Average Low
Conscientiousness 1.Conscientious
and well organized
2. High standards
and always strive
to achieve goals
1.Dependable &
moderately well
organised
2.Have clear goals
but are able to set
your work aside
1.Easy-going, not
well organised,
sometimes careless
2.Prefer not to
make plans
Emotional Stability 1.Sensitive,
emotional and
prone to
experience feelings
that are upsetting
1.Calm & able to
deal with stress
2. Sometimes
experience feeling
of guilt, anger and
sadness
1.Secure, hard and
generally relaxed
under stressful
conditions
36. High Average Low
Openness to
experience
1.Open to new
experiences
2.Broad interests
& very
imaginative
1.Practical but
willing to
consider new
ways of doing
things
2. Seek balance
between new and
old
1. Down to earth,
practical,
traditional &
much set in
individual’s way
37. Jeffrey Immelt,
CEO of GE who
have spent 20
years in sales &
managerial position
actually scored high
on the extroversion
dimension of the
Big Five model. He
was described as
gregarious & adept
in building
relationships
38. Indra Nooyi, CEO of
Pepsico scores high on
all five dimesions of Big
Five model. She is
described as sociable,
agreeable, conscientious
,emotionally stable and
open to experience.
These traits have
contributed to Nooyi’s
high job performance
and career success.
