Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.

1. Environmental Engineering-
Civil Engineering
Department,
Indus University.
Submitted to:
Prof.Gowtham B
PRESENTED BY:
Priyank .Trivedi – 110
Waste water
treatment for
Fertilizer
Industry
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2. Introduction:
 Indian soils are generally deficient in
fertilizing elements namely nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium and do
not give high yields.
 It is, therefore, essential to feed these
soils with chemical fertilizers so that
their productivity increases. The
significant contribution made by the
chemical fertilizers can be seen from
the impact of the Green Revolution
on Indian agriculture.
 A modest beginning with respect to
manufacturing of chemical fertilizers
was made in 1906 when the first
super-phosphate factory was set up at
Ranipet in Tamil Nadu. The actual
growth of fertilizer indsutry is
mainly a post-Independence
phenomena..
 The setting up of the Sindri plant
by the Fertilizer Corporation of
India Ltd. (FCI) in 1951 was a
turning point.
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3. Types of Fertilizers:
1) Single nutrient ("straight") fertilizers
 e.g. :- urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium
nitrate, ammonium chloride
2) Multi-nutrient fertilizers
 consist of two or more nutrient components.
3) Binary (NP, NK, PK) fertilizers
 provide both nitrogen and phosphorus to the plants.
4) NPK fertilizers
 NPK fertilizers are three-component fertilizers
providing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
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4. Manufacturing Process:
1) Ammonia synthesis:
 A mixture of pure nitrogen and pure hydrogen in
proportion of 1:3 by volume is compressed under 200
atmospheric pressure and passed through chamber
(catalyser) heated to 500-550 0C, containing finely
divided iron (which acts ascatalyst) and molybdenum (acts
as promoter).
 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia.
 These gases containing ammonia and unreacted nitrogen
are cooled under pressure, when ammonia is liquefied and
other gases are recycled to the reaction chamber to get
more ammonia.
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5.  The reaction is exothermic and ammonia thus generated is
used in urea manufacture.
2) Urea synthesis:
 Naphtha or natural gas is treated with steam and hot air to
produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
 CO2 is separated and sent to urea synthesis plant.
 Separation is done by using potassium carbonate,
monoethanolamine , diethanolamine and caustic soda.
 Ammonia from ammonia synthesis is reacted with CO2
to form urea.
 The liquid is filtered and subjected to Vaccume
crystallization.
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6.  Crystals are separated by centrifugation ,dried and
remelted.
 Molten urea is pumped into top of prilling tower and is
sprayed against current of hot air.
 Spherical prills of area are formed at the bottom of the
tower, where they are collected.
 Hydrogen and naphtha are send to the ammonium
synthesis plant.
 Carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
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8. Sources of Waste Water:
1) Process water
2) Process intermediates.
3) Final products.
4) Oil bearing wastes from compressor and boiler house.
5) Wash water from scrubbing tower
6) Cooling tower and boiler blowdown
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9. Characteristics of Fertilizer’s Wastewater :
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10. Layout of Treatment plant:
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11. Vortex Diode for
Hydrodynamic cavitation:
 Vortex Diode: A fluidic diode based on the difference
in fluid flow between the situations with fluid entering
the chamber tangentially a producing there a rotation
and with the fluid entering axially, when the rotation is
absent. This type of diodes particularly suited for
operation at relatively low operating frequencies.
because star-up of the rotation in the chamber takes
a considerable time.
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12. Layout:
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13.  Industrial wastewater samples were obtained from
different locations and plants from a local Fertilizer
industry and were used for effluent treatment as such without
any pre-treatment or addition of chemicals.
 The effluents were characterized for their initial COD,
ammoniacal nitrogen and other physical/chemical
parameters. Adsorption equilibria studies were carried out
using different adsorbents at ambient conditions.
 Cavitation technique was employed using Vortex Diode and
using different pressure drop conditions. The temperature of
bulk liquid was maintained by circulating coolant through
coils in the holding tank.
 Effect of flow rate and pressure drop was studied and
samples were withdrawn for analysis at regular intervals.
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14. CAVITATION
WITH VORTEX
DIOD
PHYSICAL
PROCESS
FORMATION
OF CAVITIES
& BREAK
DOWN OF
PATICALS
CHEMICAL
PROCESS
OXIDATION
REACTION
(H2O2 and OH)
MINERALISATION
OF IMPURITIES
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15. 50
20050
40050
60050
80050
100050
120050
140050
125000
946
460 130 44 17085
76
0 0 0 0
ppm
Results of Cavitation on effluents
C.O.D INITIAL
C.O.D FINAL
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16. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2
1710
86
1330
530
276
0 0
80 30 35 98
ppm
Results of Cavitation on effluents
INITIAL NH3-N
FINAL NH3-N
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17. Conclusion:
 Hydrodynamic cavitation using vortex diode appears to
be an effective method for the treatment of industrial
wastewaters.
 Being a destructive method and requiring no
regeneration/ reagents/ catalyst, hydrodynamic
cavitation may be advantageous over other conventional
treatment methods.
 Hydrodynamic cavitation using vortex diode requires
substantially less space as compared to methods such as
coagulation/clarification, biological treatment etc.
 A very high removal of COD and AN can be obtained
using adsorption and hydrodynamic cavitation-vortex
diode.
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18. REFERENCES:
 Industrial wastewater treatment for fertilizer
industry- A case study By Vinay M. Bhandari, Laxmi
Gayatri Sorokhaibam and Vivek V. Ranad
Lecture notes of Dr. Shrikant Jahagirdar.
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