1. SPORTS MEDICINE
BY : PRIYANKA

2. Subject:- Sports Physiotherapy
Topic:- Sports Injuries

3. SPORTS INJURY

4. Introduction Of Sports Injuries
Everyday millions of people (of all ages) in the world
participate in games and sports activities, from soccer fields
to softball diamonds and courts. Its called playing, but sports
activities are more than play. Participation in sports improves
physical fitness ,coordination, and self-discipline, and gives
children/individuals valuable to learn teamwork .

5. Definition Of Sports Injuries
Sports injuries can be defined as the physical alignment that
hinder a person’s sports performance and prevent him/her from
performing .

6. Sports injuries
Reportable Non reportable
Minor Acute and Chronic
Moderately Marotrauma & Microtrauma
Serious Soft tissue and Hard tissue
Minor & Major
 Classification of sports injuries
Reportable
Non reportable

7. Types of Sports Injuries
Sports
Injuries
Minor
&
Major
Soft tissue
&
Hard tissue
Macrotrauma
&
Microtrauma
Acute &
Chronic
Minor
Moderately
Serious

8. Mild( 1 degree) : Mild stretch of ligaments or to
direct blow to a Muscle , tearing some fibers .
There is swelling and pain is felt at the end of full
range and there is no loss of functions.
Moderate (2 degree) : It is stretch of ligaments and
tearing of some fibers. It impairs the ability of
the muscle to contract . It slightly affects the
performance of player .
Severe ( 3 degree) : It is the result of severe over
stretch of a ligament causing a full tear of the
injured structure. There is significant swelling
,bruising with severe pain even at rest.
Classification contd…

9. Macro trauma : It is the sudden blow
on the healthy muscle and tissue
of the body. It is also called one
time injury.
When macro trauma is not
treated proper and the athlete
continues to do activity , then it
will turn into micro trauma.
Micro trauma : It is over used injury.
It is generally given to repeated
small injuries.
Contd…

10. Acuteinjuries: Injuries when there
is sudden stress on the body
with severe pain.
Ex : Ankle sprain,strained back,
occur suddenly during activity.
Chronicinjuries: Chronic injuries
are caused by continuous stress
on a body part over a long time.
eg: tennis
elbow
Contd…

11. Hardtissueinjury: It includes
injuries to bone, cartilages
etc like fractures.
Softtissueinjury: The term soft
tissue injury refers to
injury to muscles ,
ligament and tendons.
Contd…

12. Minorinjury : Minor Injuries
such as bruises and cuts and
these are common in the
contact nature of sports.
Majorinjury: These are those
injuries which can affect the
performance of the athlete
like fracture , tear of
ligament etc.
Contd…

13. Extrinsicinjury: These are those injuries
which derived from external forces or
caused by outside impact. For ex.
Surfaces : change from running on grass
to synthetic track.
Equipment: poor footwear, unsuitable
training shoes.
Environment : cold whether with
inadequate warm-up.
Intrinsicinjuries: Intrinsic injuries are
concerned with the make-up of the
individual person. For ex. poor fitness
level ,chronic fatigue , muscle
stiffness,etc.
Contd…

14. Ab
Abrasions :- It is the injury that occur
from a fall on a hard surface that
causes other layers of the skin to rub
off. In this the skin is partially
damaged or scraped especially over
the area where the bone is very close
to the skin.
Contusion: It is the severe blow to the
muscle. Contusion can cause bleeding
from ruptured small capillaries that
blow to infiltrate muscle ,tendons or
other soft tissue. Ankle sprain are
most common contusion.
Contd…

15.  Laceration :- It is a wound of the
skin caused by a (not) relatively
sharp object. It is a jagged or
clean break in the skin.
Incision : It is a wound of the skin
caused by a sharp object.
Note : Laceration is more
dangerous than incision.
Hematoma :- It is the injury in
which there is collection of blood
within the tissues.
Contd…

16. Sprain Fractures Dislocation
Strain Greenstick Luxation
Bruising Transverse Sub-Luxation
Pulls Oblique
Blisters
Comminuted
Cuts Impacted compound
spiral
COMMON SPORTS INJURIES
Soft tissue injury Bone injury Joint injuries
Simple

17. Reduce local tissue and
metabolic demands.
Manage pain
Minimize inflammation
Protect the tissue from
further injury.
Maintain general level of
cardiorespiratory and
muscoskeletal fitness and
activity.
Soft tissue injury-Aim

18. Boneinjuries : Fractures are very common bone injury.
A fracture is a break or discontinuity in bone .In fracture there is
complete or partial or complete breakage of bone which can be
classified as following:
Closedfracture : in this the bone breaks but there is no open wound
in the skin.
Greenstick fracture : An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent.
This is mainly occurs in children.
ObliqueFracture : A facture in which bone slopes.
Transverse fracture : It’s a fracture at right angle to the bone’s axis.
 BONE INJURIES

19. Greenstick
Oblique
Transverse
Closed Fracture

20. Open Fracture : A fracture in which the bone is sticking through the
skin. There is an associated open wound in the area of the
fracture.
Impacted Fracture : An impacted fracture is one whose ends are
driven into each other .This is commonly seen in arm fractures in
children .
Comminuted fracture : It is a fracture in which bone fragments in
several parts.
Contd…

22. Joint injuries : A joint is the area
where two bones are attached for
the purpose of motion of the body
parts.
Sub Luxation : It is a partial
dislocation. In acute sprain when
the ligament finally tears, the joint
subluxates either by slipping of the
bone ends.
Luxation :-It may be defined as an
actual displacement of the
opposing contiguous surfaces make
up of a joint.
Contd…

23. There are many causes of sports injuries. The reason for
injury may be vary from individual to individual and from
game to game.
 Trauma
Endogenous cause
Associated factors
Lack of knowledge
Unscientific training
Inadequate equipment
Carelessness
Over training
Causes of sports injuries

24. Psychological factors
 Muscle imbalance
 Muscle stiffness
 Climate conditions
Faulty biomechanics
Past injury
Lack of physical fitness
Footwear
Rigid sole heel counter loose sole too flexible absence of arch
support
Contd…

25. “ Prevention is better than cure.”
Proper fitness
Adequate nutrition
Sporting event
Warm up
Sporting conduct
Proper kit
Medical supervision
Fatigue
Rest
Prevention of sports injuries

26. Sleep
Protective equipment
Adhering to norms
Common sense
Cool down
Proper clothing and footwear
Environmental conditions
Contd….

27. TREATMENT OF SPORTS INJURIES
 NON-SURGICAL
 SURGICAL
PHYSIOTHERAPY &
REHABILITATION

28. P – Protect : It includes immoblisation with slings ,
tapes etc.sling may mobilize an arm and shoulder.
R – Rest : Rest should be done to avoid further
injury as it decreass blood flow.
I – Ice : Ice is to be applied to decrease swellig n
metrabolism , blood circulation.
It enhances heeling process.
It decreases inflammation
C – Compression: it can stop bleeding as we can
use adhesive and non adhesive splints etc . It
decreases edema.
It promote lymphatics fluids.
External compression incerase efectiveness of
muscle and pump in aiding venous return
E – Elevation : elevate the injured part while being
compressed.
Treatment for non surgical

29.  Early Diagnosis
 First aid
 Immediate management
 Later management
First aid
 D - Danger
 R – Response
 B - Breathing
 A – Airway
 C – Circulation
Management of sports injuries

30. Rehabilitation of Injuries
Therapeutic exercise:
1. Passive
2. Assisted
3. Active
4. Resisted
Rehabilitation is also through :
Heat therapy
Electro therapy
Ultrasound
Shortwave
microwave
Tens
Hydrotherapy
Massage

31. PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILD UP OF THE ATHLETES.
1. Treat with visualization and observation.
2. Response of the Athlete depression, Tension, Anger,
Anxiety
3. Elimination of negative thoughts.
4. Stress management.
5. Relaxation goal setting, prioritization.
6. To over come nervousness, Fatigue & Exhaustion.
7. To achieve beyond physical standard .
8. Control of pain by relaxation techniques.

32. Thank you