1. SLIDE SHARE FRACTURE OF THE BONE
BY DR. RAJ BHARDWAJ (P. T)
UTTAR PRADESH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES SAIFAI
ETAWAH.
SUBJECT _ ORTHOPAEDIC.
TOPIC _
FRACTURE OF BONE.
2. INTRODUCTION _.
● Definition of fracture.
● Classification of fracture.
●
Pathological fractures.
● Diagnosis.
● Clinical examination.
● Test.
● Treatment.
● Orthopedic manegement.
Complications of fractures
3. The fracture is define a break in the continuity of a bone , ligaments, tendons.
It is the break down of continuity of the periosteum
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURE.
The classification of bone fracture are many types.
1. 1 on the basis of etiology.
2. On the basis of displacements.
3. On the basis of relationship with outer environment.
4. On the basis of complexity.
5. On the basis of quantum of force.
6. On the basis of pattern.
7. Other fractures.
4. 1. On the basis of etiology.
● Traumatic fracture _
Due to trauma.
● Pathological fracture_
The pathological fracture that accures when the bone weak due to disease couses
● Stress fracture
The fracture accures due to chronic repetitive injury
.
2. On the basis of displacements.
● Undisplaced fracture.
● Displaced _
Factor of displaced fracture.
● Force .
● Muscle pull.
● The gravity
5.
6. 3. On the basis of outer environment..
Closed fracture _. The closed fracture are not involve in the outer environment like soft
tissue , skin and other.
Open fracture _ the open fracture are involved the overlying skin, soft tissue and bleeding
outer surface.
The open fracture are also two type.
1. Internally open.
2. Externally open.
4. On the basis of complexity.
SIMPLE FRACTURE
_the simple fracture are accurs two pieces. Like transverse
fracture of humerus.
It is easily treated
COMPLEX FRACTURE _.
the complex fracture are multiple pieces
It is difficult to treated
7.
8. 5. On the basis of quantum of force .
1. High velocity injury.
2. Low velocity injury.
6. On the basis of pattern .
1. Transverse fracture.
2. Oblique fracture.
3. Spiral fracture.
4. Comminuted fracture.
5. Segmental fracture.
7. Other features.
1. Collecs fracture.
2. Smith’s fracture.
3. Boxers fracture.
4. Bumper fracture.
5. Pott’s fracture etc.
9.
10.
11. COMPLICATIONS.
1 ACCORDING TO TIME_
IMMEATE COMPLICATIONS.
● Hypovolaemic shock.
● Pain.
● Swelling.
● Redness.
EARLY COMPLICATIONS _
● Fat embolism syndrome.
● DVT.
● Septicaemia.
● Crush syndrome.
LATE COMPLICATIONS.
Imperfect union of the fracture.
12. Couses of pathology.
Localised _.
● Bone TB.
● Osteomyelitis.
● Tumour.
● Simple bone cyst .
● Bone atrophy.
Generalised _ .
● Osteogenesis imperfecta.
● Olliar’s disease.
● Osteoporosis.
Acquired _
● Rickets.
● Scurvy.
● Paget’s disease etc.
13. 2ACCORDING TO SITE COMPLICATIONS.
● Injury of muscle.
● Injury of joint.
● Injury to the tendons.
● Injury to ligaments.
3 ACCORDING TO SPECIFIC SITE COMPLICATIONS.
● Delayed union.
● Non union .
● Malunion.
OTHER COMPLICATIONS_
● AVN.
● Osteoarthritis.
● Joint stiffness.
● Ischaemic contracture.
14. CLINICAL FEATURES.
● Pain .
● Unable to bear weight on the affected side.
● Wasting of the muscles.
● Minimal shortening of the affected lower limb.
● Loss of function.
● Severe swelling.
● Paralyzed.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.
INSPECTION _
● Swelling.
● Bureising
● Deformity.
● Colour of skin.
● Type of wound.
PALPATION .
● Localised tenderness.
● Oedema..
MOVE_ abnormal movement.
16. MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURE
(A) ACUTE MANAGEMENT _ First day.
● Analgesic, NSAIDs., Flueidotherapy, Rest , low molecular weight
● Compression.
● Elevation.
● Redused bleeding.
● Etc
(B) AFTER FIRST DAY MANAGEMENT.
1 REDUCTION _ Continuous traction, fixation, splints.
Physiotherapy management _
● To Prevent the respiratory complications.
● To prevent the circulatory complications..
● Promoting healings.
● Encouraging weight bearing.
● Maintain strength of the weakened muscle.
● Maintain range of movement of the affected and surrounding joints.
● Reducing pain’, swelling, stiffness etc.
