R1. The document discusses using waste plastic to produce fuel through pyrolysis. It notes that plastic waste represents a considerable portion of municipal waste. R2. It reviews literature on treating plastic waste through various processes like primary treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment and quaternary treatment. It states that tertiary/chemical treatment can produce chemicals and fuel mixtures. R3. The proposed methodology is to commercialize the pyrolysis process using an upgraded plastic waste collection system and optimized parameters to produce high quality, sulfur-free fuel at low operating costs.

1. Fuel Production Using Waste Plastic
R J RAHEWAR
UIAR /11035
B. Tech (Chemical)
IAR, GandhinagarSubmitted To: Dr. Abhay Dinker

2. Introduction
• Plastics are an integral part of the global economy. While they
bring numerous benefits to society, they also come with
disadvantages, since many plastic materials are used only once
and discarded, thus losing 95% of their value.
• There are many pollutants that are haunting the face of
environment, one such common pollutant is the waste plastic.
• Plastic wastes represent a considerable part of municipal
wastes; furthermore, a massive amount of plastic waste comes
up as a by-product or defective product in the industry.
(packaging, construction, automotive, electric, agriculture, etc)

3. Plastic solid waste
• Plastic products have become a part of daily life because,
1. wide range of applications
2. low cost
3. Durability
4. Light weight
5. Flexibility
5 million
tonnes/year
in 2005
8 million
tonnes/year in
2008
24 million
tonnes by
2020(expected)
Rate of plastic consumption in India

4. • As per the UNEP, of all the plastics used globally, 22%-43% ends
up in the waste dumps and landfills and impairs the public and
society.
• The waste generated in the developed countries does not remain in
their backyard. Some of it makes its way to the underdeveloped
nations where most of this imported plastic is reprocessed at low-
technology, small family-run facilities with no environmental
protection controls.

5. 0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
Kilograms
Plastic solid waste generated in 2016
Top 8 plastic generators: India
Data not available for 16 states, major states for which data not available –
• Bihar,
• Chhattisgarh,
• Delhi,
• Kerala, Rajasthan, West bengal, Haryana.

6. Literature Review
• Plastic solid waste (PSW) can be treated in various processes
that result in the production of chemicals, fuel, and energy.
• Plastics within the PSW management plant (Germany) are typically
treated in an ascending order of preference and governed by type
,feedstock condition in one of the following methods:
1. Primary treatment : (re-extrusion)
2. Secondary treatment :(mechanical recycling)
3. Tertiary(chemical) treatment :(monomer & feedstock recovery)
4. quaternary treatment :(energy recovery)
• These methods provide the ultimate valorization opportunities for
plastics.

7. • Tertiary methods (i.e., chemical treatment) can provide a
pathway for producing chemicals and fuel mixtures that no other
treatment can provide.
Chemical
Treatment
Pyrolysis
Thermal
Catalytic
Gasification Incineration Hydrogenation

8. 1. Pyrolysis process is a self sustainable system.
2. Variety of value dense products : liquid oil, NCGs, solid char, etc..
3. On the environmental front ,
• pyrolysis provides an alternative energy production scheme.
• it reduces acidification potential & global warming potential.
• It can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• total systems energy turnover.
4. Eliminates dioxin emissions : because it uses oxygen-free media.
5. Pyrolysis produce high calorific value products
Advantages of Pyrolysis Over Other Technologies

9. Proposed Methodology
Upgraded PSW collection system
High quality and co2,S free fuel
Low operating & production cost
Improved commercial process
Optimized operating parameters
Commercialization of Pyrolysis Process

10. • The motive is here to commercialize the pyrolysis process by
using upgraded PSW collection system, optimized operating
parameters such as temperature, the addition of catalytic
reforming and lower cooling tower temperature which leads to
low operating & production cost.
• Commercialized pyrolysis process may generate a good amount
of energy, which helps us to overcome our dependency upon the
conventional fossil fuel and also create a safe environment for
upcoming generations.

11. Global and Indian Scenario
There is a large amount of this waste that is currently not treated and ends
up in landfills aggravating the global problem of marine and land pollution.
In the recent past, there has been a prolonged waste transfer from Europe
and countries like United States, Japan, Australia, and other developed
countries to China, which receives and reserves 56% (by weight) of waste
plastic imports globally.
These countries have established collection system flows with China where
these waste plastics are recycled by unconventional means, while some of it
ends in their landfill and some find its way to the ocean.
China is the global leader in the production, recycling, and reprocessing of
plastics. Cheap conversion and extrusion technologies and production costs
of plastics have invited huge investments in this industry.

12. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Kgperday
The largest producers of plastic waste
PSW per Capita

13. In India, strong growth in the plastics conversion sector (more than 4
million employees and 22,000 companies) has been seen with the
development of awareness in the management of plastic waste and due to
the availability of cheap technology from China.
However, most of it goes into the unorganized sector. With the discovery
of shale gas, the prospects for the American plastics industry have
obtained better future with regard to low energy costs.
The projections of a World Bank report for 2025 indicate almost double
the present value in per capita generation rate of developing countries
compared to the high-income countries where the rate of generation
seems to be partially decreasing, which would be of serious concern to the
world.
Plastic waste production and management are two different things.
Although the developed countries produce much plastic waste, they
manage their waste pretty well.

14. THANK YOU !!!