SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  4
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 21
Performance of CBR Traffic on Node Overutilization
in MANETs
Shridhar Kabbur
Department of ECE
Global Academy of Technology
Bengaluru-560098
Rajashri Y M
Department of ECE
Global Academy of Technology
Bengaluru-560098
Abstract - Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are power
constrained since nodes are operated with limited battery supply.
The important technical challenge is to avoid the node
overutilization and increase the energy efficiency of each node
with increasing traffic. If a node runs out of battery, its ability to
route the traffic gets affected and hence, the network lifetime.
There has been considerable progress in the battery technology,
but not in par with the semiconductor technology. There are
various techniques adopt the different approaches to achieve
energy efficiency. The proposed approach uses a cost metric for
path selection, which is a function of residual battery and current
traffic load at a node. Further, the simulation and performance is
carried through Qualnet network simulator. From the simulation
results, it is observed that the proposed scheme has lower node
overutilization with the less CBR connections.
Key Words - MANET, node overutilization, CBR, network
lifetime.
I. INTRODUCTION
n Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET), routing is a major
concern as the nodes are battery operated. Multipath routing
approaches [8] are being introduced to overcome the
limitation of single path routing. The paths chosen can be link
disjoint or node disjoint. Node disjoint paths have no common
nodes except source and destination. Link-disjoints have no
common links but can have common nodes. Multipath
approaches have several benefits such as, higher utilization of
bandwidth, lower end-to-end delay, higher network lifetime. It
also provides load balancing by forwarding the traffic through
multiple paths. An energy aware multipath routing protocol
provides a tradeoff between energy consumption and other
metrics, such as: link reliability, network capacity, throughput,
end-to-end delay. Many of the energy efficient techniques
minimize the energy consumption by selecting energy
efficient path. However, when some nodes on the path
forward large amounts of traffic they may die quickly due to
the over utilization of that path. We have considered the nodes
residual energy and its current traffic load for path selection.
A cost metric is proposed based on these parameters. The rest
of the paper is organized as follows: Few multipath protocols
are described in section-II. The proposed scheme is discussed
in section-III, Simulation parameters and results are discussed
in section-IV and conclusion in the section-V.
II. RELATED WORK
In Minimum Energy Routing (MER) authors [10]
described routing of a data packet on a route that consumes
the minimum amount of energy to get the packet to the
destination with the knowledge of cost of the link.MER incurs
higher routing overhead, but lower total energy. AODV
Multiple Alternative Paths (AODV-MAP) [2] is another
variant of AODV. It considers both fail-safe paths and disjoint
path. The main idea of the protocol is to find more number of
alternate paths. Scalable Multipath On-demand Routing
(SMORT) [3] is a multipath routing protocol based on AODV
[5]. It minimizes the routing overheads by using fail-safe paths
instead of node-disjoint and link-disjoint paths. AOMDV [4]
is one of the extensions of AODV [7]. It searches loop free
and link-disjoint paths.
III. ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL
The proposed scheme describes route cost metric, technique to
minimize node over utilization and computation of
transmission power.
A) Route Cost Metric:
The lifetime of a node is based on cost function includes
Residual Battery (RB) power and Energy consumption rate
(EC). Let the energy consumption rate of a node u at time t is
CR u(t) and its residual battery be RB u(t).Let LT u(t) be the
lifetime of a node u at time t is given by equation (1)
LT u(t) = RB u(t)/ CR u(t) 1
The energy consumption rate CR u(t) is given by equation (2)
CR u(t) = (1- η) × CRold + η × CRnew 2
Where CRold and CRnew represents the last and newly
calculated value of energy consumption rate respectively η(< 1)
is a weight function.
B) Minimizing Node overutilization:
A critical node may exhaust battery and die due to the
heavy traffic. This affects and reduces the network lifetime. A
node drops RREQ packets if the connection request between
source-destination exceeds the limit and reset the connection
limit to that destination to One for the critical node
requirement. Thus the node will forward subsequent RREQ
packets for the connection establishment.
C) Computation of Transmission Power:
I
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 22
A node calculates its transmission power for data
packets based on next-hop node’s location and mobility
pattern. A node u compute the transmission power required to
reach the next-node v on a path is given by equation (3)
Tx = (D + ∆) β
+ C 3
where, D is the Euclidean distance between u and v, ∆ is the
expected variance of distance between u and v considering the
mobility. β is the path loss exponent with 2 ≤ β ≤ 4, and C is a
constant. Expected variance is given by equation (4)
Δ= (Current time - Reply time ) * SN 4
Where Current time is the time at which node u is computing its
transmission power, Reply time is the time at which node u has
received the RREP packet from node v, SN is the speed of
node v.
IV. SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND RESULTS
We evaluated the scenario with 60, 80 and 100 nodes for 30
CBR applications using Qualnet 4.5 simulator. The simulation
parameters are as shown in the table 1 and the scenario in
Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Table 1: Simulation Parameters
Simulation Properties Property Values
Simulation Time 120 Minutes
Terrain-Dimension 1500 X 1500 m2
Traffic type CBR
Mobility model Random Waypoint
Speed 0 - 10 m/s
Pause time 30 second
Radio type 802.11b
Propagation limit -111 dBm
Receiver sencitivity -89
Data rate 2 Mbps
Packet size 512 bytes
Battery model Linear
Initial battery capacity 300 mAh
Figure 1: 60, 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications
Figure 2: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications
The plots for an average energy consumption in transmit,
receive and idle mode for 60,80 and 100 nodes with 30 CBR
applications are shown in Figures 3 to 11.
Figure 3: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in transmit mode.
Figure 4: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in receive mode.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Transmit
Mode
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Receive
Mode
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 23
Figure 5: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in idle mode.
Figure 6 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in
transmit mode.
Figure 7 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in
receive modes.
Figure 8 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in
idle mode.
Figure 9: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in transmit
mode.
Figure 10: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in receive
mode.
0
50
100
150
200
250
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Idle
Mode
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in
Transmit Mode
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Receive
Mode
0
50
100
150
200
250
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Idle
Mode
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Transmit
Mode
0
20
40
60
80
100
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Receive
Mode
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 24
Figure 11: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in idle
mode.
It is observed from the above results that as the CBR
connections are increased,there is increase in the RREQ
packets.Thus flooding of more number of RREQ packets at
the receiver and transmitter thus the energy consumption
increases.When CBR connections are less,all the nodes
consume energy only for sensing the channel in idle
mode.When the connection limit is increased,less number of
nodes will be in idle mode results in reduction in the average
energy consumption.
V.CONCLUSION
In this paper we have suggested a route cost metric based on
residual battery power for the path selection in ordered to
achieve the efficient routing avoiding node overutilization.
When the CBR connections are less, the node will not be
overutilized.When the node is overutilized,battery gets drained
which leads to decreased network lifetime.
REFERENCES
[1]. M. Tarique, K. E. Tepe, S. Adibi, and S. Erfani, “Survey of
multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” Journal
of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1125–
1143, 2009.
[2]. B. Vaidya, J. Pyun, J. Park, and S. Han, “Secure multipath routing
Scheme for mobile ad hoc network,” Third IEEE International
Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing,
IEEE, pp.163–171, 2007.
[3]. L. Reddeppa Reddy and S. Raghavan, “Smort: Scalable multipath
on demand routing for mobile ad hoc networks,” Ad Hoc
Networks, vol. 5,no. 2, pp. 162–188, 2007.
[4]. M. K. Marina and S. R. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand multipath
distance Vector routing,” Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 969–988, 2006
[5]. C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad-hoc on-demand distance
vector routing,” Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing
Systems and Applications, pp. 90–100, 1999.
[6]. P. Periyasamy and E. Karthikeyan, “Survey of current multipath
routing Protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” International
Journal of Computer Network and Information Security (IJCNIS),
vol. 5, no. 12, p. 68,
2013.
[7]. C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das et al., “Rfc 3561-ad hoc on
demand Distance vector (aodv) routing,” Internet RFCs, pp. 1–38,
2003.
[8]. M. Tarique, K. E. Tepe, S. Adibi, and S. Erfani, “Survey of
multipath Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” Journal
of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1125–
1143, 2009.
[9]. N. K. Ray, “Techniques to enhance the lifetime of mobile ad hoc
Networks,” Ph.D. dissertation, 2013.
[10]. Mohammed M. Energy,” efficient location aided routing protocol
for Wireless MANETs” (IJCSIS) International Journal of
Computer Science and Information Security Vol. 4, No. 1 & 2,
2009.
0
50
100
150
200
250
5 10 20 25 30
EnergyConsumptioninmWh
No. of CBR Application
Average Energy Consumption in Idle Mode

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systemsAdaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systemsIJECEIAES
 
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...IRJET Journal
 
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...journalBEEI
 
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf Optimizer
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf OptimizerOptimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf Optimizer
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf OptimizerTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometriesRabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometriesjournalBEEI
 
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Sns
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W SnsE NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Sns
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Snsijwmn
 
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-mainumere15
 
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...elelijjournal
 
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop System
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop SystemCapacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop System
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop SystemPolytechnique Montreal
 
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMA
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMAExploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMA
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMATELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
 
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
 
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEM
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEMA HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEM
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEMEM Legacy
 
Ijircee paper-template
Ijircee paper-templateIjircee paper-template
Ijircee paper-templateijircee
 
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...Tamilarasan N
 

Tendances (20)

paper3
paper3paper3
paper3
 
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...
 
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systemsAdaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
Adaptive resources assignment in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
 
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...
Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Scheme Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (E...
 
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...
Joint impacts of relaying scheme and wireless power transfer in multiple acce...
 
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf Optimizer
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf OptimizerOptimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf Optimizer
Optimum Network Reconfiguration using Grey Wolf Optimizer
 
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometriesRabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries
Rabid Euclidean direction search algorithm for various adaptive array geometries
 
A045060107
A045060107A045060107
A045060107
 
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Sns
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W SnsE NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Sns
E NERGY D EGREE D ISTANCE C LUSTERING A LGORITHM FOR W Sns
 
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main
1 s2.0-s0030402611000131-main
 
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
 
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop System
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop SystemCapacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop System
Capacity Performance Analysis for Decode-and-Forward OFDMDual-Hop System
 
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMA
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMAExploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMA
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMA
 
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...
Optimizing location and size of capacitors for power loss reduction in radial...
 
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)
 
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEM
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEMA HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEM
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR OSPF WEIGHT SETTING PROBLEM
 
Ijircee paper-template
Ijircee paper-templateIjircee paper-template
Ijircee paper-template
 
Dynamic simulation of three-phase nine-level multilevel inverter with switchi...
Dynamic simulation of three-phase nine-level multilevel inverter with switchi...Dynamic simulation of three-phase nine-level multilevel inverter with switchi...
Dynamic simulation of three-phase nine-level multilevel inverter with switchi...
 
Hg3413361339
Hg3413361339Hg3413361339
Hg3413361339
 
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...
Hybrid Adaptive Channel Estimation Technique in Time and Frequency Domain for...
 

Similaire à Performance of CBR Traffic on Node Overutilization in MANETs

Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...IJCNCJournal
 
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...IJCNCJournal
 
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksEnergy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksZac Darcy
 
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...prjpublications
 
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSNIRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSNIRJET Journal
 
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical Networks
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical NetworksImproving Energy Efficiency in Optical Networks
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical NetworksIJEEE
 
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBAN
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBANEnergy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBAN
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBANaravind m t
 
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networks
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc NetworksMPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networks
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networksijsrd.com
 
Improved dsr algo routing in manet
Improved dsr algo routing in manetImproved dsr algo routing in manet
Improved dsr algo routing in manetmadhavsolanki
 
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered  Wireless Sensor Netw...Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered  Wireless Sensor Netw...
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...IJECEIAES
 
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networksEnergy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networkscsandit
 
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...IRJET Journal
 
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...nooriasukmaningtyas
 
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...redpel dot com
 
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKSMMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKSprj_publication
 
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...IJERA Editor
 
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...IJERA Editor
 

Similaire à Performance of CBR Traffic on Node Overutilization in MANETs (20)

Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
 
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
Investigation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utili...
 
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksEnergy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
 
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...
Implementation and analysis of multiple criteria decision routing algorithm f...
 
EESRDA
EESRDAEESRDA
EESRDA
 
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSNIRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN
IRJET - Energy Efficient Enhanced K-Means Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN
 
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical Networks
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical NetworksImproving Energy Efficiency in Optical Networks
Improving Energy Efficiency in Optical Networks
 
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBAN
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBANEnergy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBAN
Energy efficient and reliable communication in IEEE 802.15.6 IR UWB WBAN
 
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networks
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc NetworksMPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networks
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networks
 
Improved dsr algo routing in manet
Improved dsr algo routing in manetImproved dsr algo routing in manet
Improved dsr algo routing in manet
 
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered  Wireless Sensor Netw...Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered  Wireless Sensor Netw...
Energy-Efficient Hybrid K-Means Algorithm for Clustered Wireless Sensor Netw...
 
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networksEnergy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
 
La3518941898
La3518941898La3518941898
La3518941898
 
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...
IRJET-Spectrum Allocation Policies for Flex Grid Network with Data Rate Limit...
 
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...
New method for route efficient energy calculations with mobile-sink for wirel...
 
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...
Opportunistic routing algorithm for relay node selection in wireless sensor n...
 
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKSMMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS
MMINIMUM RESOURCE CONSUMPTIONS ROUTING FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS
 
Fo2510211029
Fo2510211029Fo2510211029
Fo2510211029
 
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
 
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
Performance Analysis of Enhanced Opportunistic Minimum Cost Routingin Mobile ...
 

Plus de RSIS International

Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...
Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...
Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...RSIS International
 
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...RSIS International
 
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...RSIS International
 
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
 
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible Gates
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible GatesPower and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible Gates
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible GatesRSIS International
 
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...RSIS International
 
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...RSIS International
 
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopia
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopiaWireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopia
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopiaRSIS International
 
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother TongueThe Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother TongueRSIS International
 
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...RSIS International
 
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast iron
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast ironInvestigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast iron
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast ironRSIS International
 
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...RSIS International
 
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality Management
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality ManagementSix Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality Management
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality ManagementRSIS International
 
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud Environment
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud EnvironmentTask Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud Environment
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud EnvironmentRSIS International
 
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...RSIS International
 
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced Sand
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandEffect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced Sand
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandRSIS International
 
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic AlgorithmAugmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic AlgorithmRSIS International
 
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input Output
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input OutputSystem Development for Verification of General Purpose Input Output
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input OutputRSIS International
 
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...RSIS International
 
Active Vibration Control of Composite Plate
Active Vibration Control of Composite PlateActive Vibration Control of Composite Plate
Active Vibration Control of Composite PlateRSIS International
 

Plus de RSIS International (20)

Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...
Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...
Teacher’s Accomplishment Level of The Components of an E-Learning Module: A B...
 
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...
Development Administration and the Challenges of Neo-liberal Reforms in the E...
 
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...
 
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...
 
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible Gates
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible GatesPower and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible Gates
Power and Delay Analysis of Logic Circuits Using Reversible Gates
 
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...
Innovative ICT Solutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Area Such ...
 
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...
Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge and the Sustenance of Local Livelihood Stra...
 
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopia
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopiaWireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopia
Wireless radio signal drop due to foliage in illuba bore zone ethiopia
 
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother TongueThe Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
The Bridging Process: Filipino Teachers’ View on Mother Tongue
 
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...
Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding on 6063 aluminum alloy on taguchi ...
 
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast iron
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast ironInvestigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast iron
Investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic ductile cast iron
 
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...
4th international conference on multidisciplinary research & practice (4ICMRP...
 
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality Management
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality ManagementSix Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality Management
Six Sigma Methods and Formulas for Successful Quality Management
 
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud Environment
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud EnvironmentTask Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud Environment
Task Performance Analysis in Virtual Cloud Environment
 
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Wood Sawing Machine: Save Electri...
 
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced Sand
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced SandEffect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced Sand
Effect of Surface Treatment on Settlement of Coir Mat Reinforced Sand
 
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic AlgorithmAugmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm
Augmentation of Customer’s Profile Dataset Using Genetic Algorithm
 
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input Output
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input OutputSystem Development for Verification of General Purpose Input Output
System Development for Verification of General Purpose Input Output
 
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...
De-noising of Fetal ECG for Fetal Heart Rate Calculation and Variability Anal...
 
Active Vibration Control of Composite Plate
Active Vibration Control of Composite PlateActive Vibration Control of Composite Plate
Active Vibration Control of Composite Plate
 

Dernier

Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Bahzad5
 
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Gaurav Singh Rajput
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...amrabdallah9
 
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptx
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptxTest of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptx
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptxHome
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxjasonsedano2
 
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdf
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdfMulticomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdf
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdfGiovanaGhasary1
 
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...Apollo Techno Industries Pvt Ltd
 
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlook
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future OutlookPioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlook
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlooksoginsider
 
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineOS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineDivya S
 
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptx
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptxEPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptx
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptxJoseeMusabyimana
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfRedhwan Qasem Shaddad
 
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchrohitcse52
 
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratoryدليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide LaboratoryBahzad5
 
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyEngineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyAhmadHajasad2
 
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2nhuayllav
 
Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer      functions.pptxPhase noise transfer      functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer functions.pptxSaiGouthamSunkara
 
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptx
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptxNodal seismic construction requirements.pptx
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptxwendy cai
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical SensorTanvir Moin
 

Dernier (20)

Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
 
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
 
Présentation IIRB 2024 Chloe Dufrane.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Chloe Dufrane.pdfPrésentation IIRB 2024 Chloe Dufrane.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Chloe Dufrane.pdf
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
 
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdfPrésentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
Présentation IIRB 2024 Marine Cordonnier.pdf
 
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptx
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptxTest of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptx
Test of Significance of Large Samples for Mean = µ.pptx
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
 
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdf
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdfMulticomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdf
Multicomponent Spiral Wound Membrane Separation Model.pdf
 
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...
Technology Features of Apollo HDD Machine, Its Technical Specification with C...
 
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlook
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future OutlookPioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlook
Pioneering Process Safety Management: The Future Outlook
 
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineOS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
 
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptx
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptxEPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptx
EPE3163_Hydro power stations_Unit2_Lect2.pptx
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
 
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai searchChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
ChatGPT-and-Generative-AI-Landscape Working of generative ai search
 
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratoryدليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
دليل تجارب الاسفلت المختبرية - Asphalt Experiments Guide Laboratory
 
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyEngineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
 
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2
ingles nivel 3 ucv 2024 - modulo 3 _ppt2
 
Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer      functions.pptxPhase noise transfer      functions.pptx
Phase noise transfer functions.pptx
 
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptx
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptxNodal seismic construction requirements.pptx
Nodal seismic construction requirements.pptx
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
 

Performance of CBR Traffic on Node Overutilization in MANETs

  • 1. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705 www.rsisinternational.org Page 21 Performance of CBR Traffic on Node Overutilization in MANETs Shridhar Kabbur Department of ECE Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru-560098 Rajashri Y M Department of ECE Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru-560098 Abstract - Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are power constrained since nodes are operated with limited battery supply. The important technical challenge is to avoid the node overutilization and increase the energy efficiency of each node with increasing traffic. If a node runs out of battery, its ability to route the traffic gets affected and hence, the network lifetime. There has been considerable progress in the battery technology, but not in par with the semiconductor technology. There are various techniques adopt the different approaches to achieve energy efficiency. The proposed approach uses a cost metric for path selection, which is a function of residual battery and current traffic load at a node. Further, the simulation and performance is carried through Qualnet network simulator. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed scheme has lower node overutilization with the less CBR connections. Key Words - MANET, node overutilization, CBR, network lifetime. I. INTRODUCTION n Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET), routing is a major concern as the nodes are battery operated. Multipath routing approaches [8] are being introduced to overcome the limitation of single path routing. The paths chosen can be link disjoint or node disjoint. Node disjoint paths have no common nodes except source and destination. Link-disjoints have no common links but can have common nodes. Multipath approaches have several benefits such as, higher utilization of bandwidth, lower end-to-end delay, higher network lifetime. It also provides load balancing by forwarding the traffic through multiple paths. An energy aware multipath routing protocol provides a tradeoff between energy consumption and other metrics, such as: link reliability, network capacity, throughput, end-to-end delay. Many of the energy efficient techniques minimize the energy consumption by selecting energy efficient path. However, when some nodes on the path forward large amounts of traffic they may die quickly due to the over utilization of that path. We have considered the nodes residual energy and its current traffic load for path selection. A cost metric is proposed based on these parameters. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Few multipath protocols are described in section-II. The proposed scheme is discussed in section-III, Simulation parameters and results are discussed in section-IV and conclusion in the section-V. II. RELATED WORK In Minimum Energy Routing (MER) authors [10] described routing of a data packet on a route that consumes the minimum amount of energy to get the packet to the destination with the knowledge of cost of the link.MER incurs higher routing overhead, but lower total energy. AODV Multiple Alternative Paths (AODV-MAP) [2] is another variant of AODV. It considers both fail-safe paths and disjoint path. The main idea of the protocol is to find more number of alternate paths. Scalable Multipath On-demand Routing (SMORT) [3] is a multipath routing protocol based on AODV [5]. It minimizes the routing overheads by using fail-safe paths instead of node-disjoint and link-disjoint paths. AOMDV [4] is one of the extensions of AODV [7]. It searches loop free and link-disjoint paths. III. ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL The proposed scheme describes route cost metric, technique to minimize node over utilization and computation of transmission power. A) Route Cost Metric: The lifetime of a node is based on cost function includes Residual Battery (RB) power and Energy consumption rate (EC). Let the energy consumption rate of a node u at time t is CR u(t) and its residual battery be RB u(t).Let LT u(t) be the lifetime of a node u at time t is given by equation (1) LT u(t) = RB u(t)/ CR u(t) 1 The energy consumption rate CR u(t) is given by equation (2) CR u(t) = (1- η) × CRold + η × CRnew 2 Where CRold and CRnew represents the last and newly calculated value of energy consumption rate respectively η(< 1) is a weight function. B) Minimizing Node overutilization: A critical node may exhaust battery and die due to the heavy traffic. This affects and reduces the network lifetime. A node drops RREQ packets if the connection request between source-destination exceeds the limit and reset the connection limit to that destination to One for the critical node requirement. Thus the node will forward subsequent RREQ packets for the connection establishment. C) Computation of Transmission Power: I
  • 2. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705 www.rsisinternational.org Page 22 A node calculates its transmission power for data packets based on next-hop node’s location and mobility pattern. A node u compute the transmission power required to reach the next-node v on a path is given by equation (3) Tx = (D + ∆) β + C 3 where, D is the Euclidean distance between u and v, ∆ is the expected variance of distance between u and v considering the mobility. β is the path loss exponent with 2 ≤ β ≤ 4, and C is a constant. Expected variance is given by equation (4) Δ= (Current time - Reply time ) * SN 4 Where Current time is the time at which node u is computing its transmission power, Reply time is the time at which node u has received the RREP packet from node v, SN is the speed of node v. IV. SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND RESULTS We evaluated the scenario with 60, 80 and 100 nodes for 30 CBR applications using Qualnet 4.5 simulator. The simulation parameters are as shown in the table 1 and the scenario in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Table 1: Simulation Parameters Simulation Properties Property Values Simulation Time 120 Minutes Terrain-Dimension 1500 X 1500 m2 Traffic type CBR Mobility model Random Waypoint Speed 0 - 10 m/s Pause time 30 second Radio type 802.11b Propagation limit -111 dBm Receiver sencitivity -89 Data rate 2 Mbps Packet size 512 bytes Battery model Linear Initial battery capacity 300 mAh Figure 1: 60, 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications Figure 2: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications The plots for an average energy consumption in transmit, receive and idle mode for 60,80 and 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications are shown in Figures 3 to 11. Figure 3: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in transmit mode. Figure 4: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in receive mode. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Transmit Mode 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Receive Mode
  • 3. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705 www.rsisinternational.org Page 23 Figure 5: 60 nodes with 30 CBR applications in idle mode. Figure 6 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in transmit mode. Figure 7 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in receive modes. Figure 8 : 80 nodes with 30 CBR applications in idle mode. Figure 9: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in transmit mode. Figure 10: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in receive mode. 0 50 100 150 200 250 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Idle Mode 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Transmit Mode 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Receive Mode 0 50 100 150 200 250 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Idle Mode 0 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Transmit Mode 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Receive Mode
  • 4. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue III, March 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705 www.rsisinternational.org Page 24 Figure 11: 100 nodes with 30 CBR applications in idle mode. It is observed from the above results that as the CBR connections are increased,there is increase in the RREQ packets.Thus flooding of more number of RREQ packets at the receiver and transmitter thus the energy consumption increases.When CBR connections are less,all the nodes consume energy only for sensing the channel in idle mode.When the connection limit is increased,less number of nodes will be in idle mode results in reduction in the average energy consumption. V.CONCLUSION In this paper we have suggested a route cost metric based on residual battery power for the path selection in ordered to achieve the efficient routing avoiding node overutilization. When the CBR connections are less, the node will not be overutilized.When the node is overutilized,battery gets drained which leads to decreased network lifetime. REFERENCES [1]. M. Tarique, K. E. Tepe, S. Adibi, and S. Erfani, “Survey of multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1125– 1143, 2009. [2]. B. Vaidya, J. Pyun, J. Park, and S. Han, “Secure multipath routing Scheme for mobile ad hoc network,” Third IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, IEEE, pp.163–171, 2007. [3]. L. Reddeppa Reddy and S. Raghavan, “Smort: Scalable multipath on demand routing for mobile ad hoc networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 5,no. 2, pp. 162–188, 2007. [4]. M. K. Marina and S. R. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance Vector routing,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 969–988, 2006 [5]. C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing,” Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 90–100, 1999. [6]. P. Periyasamy and E. Karthikeyan, “Survey of current multipath routing Protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security (IJCNIS), vol. 5, no. 12, p. 68, 2013. [7]. C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das et al., “Rfc 3561-ad hoc on demand Distance vector (aodv) routing,” Internet RFCs, pp. 1–38, 2003. [8]. M. Tarique, K. E. Tepe, S. Adibi, and S. Erfani, “Survey of multipath Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1125– 1143, 2009. [9]. N. K. Ray, “Techniques to enhance the lifetime of mobile ad hoc Networks,” Ph.D. dissertation, 2013. [10]. Mohammed M. Energy,” efficient location aided routing protocol for Wireless MANETs” (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security Vol. 4, No. 1 & 2, 2009. 0 50 100 150 200 250 5 10 20 25 30 EnergyConsumptioninmWh No. of CBR Application Average Energy Consumption in Idle Mode