2. “To reduce the effect of Global Warming
by limiting greenhouse gas emission
from buildings, transport and industry.”
UK Government target - 34% reduction in CO2 by 2020
- 80% reduction by 2050
The reason for change to Regulations
4. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requires
all EU countries to enhance their building regulations
and to introduce energy certification schemes for
buildings.
The Influence of the EPBD
5. England & Wales / Scotland objectives
Reduce CO2 emissions as part of longer
term objective to meet UK and European
Climate Change Agreements
Help facilitate future energy supply
security
Improve compliance
A key step on the road to zero carbon
buildings
6. Resulting Regulations - England / Wales
ADL2 (2002)
Elemental method
ADL2 (2006)
Target CO2 Emission Rate (TER)
SBEM National Calculation tool
Air Tightness Testing
ADL2 (2010)
New version of SBEM
25% CO2 improvement
2002 2013
ADL2 (2013)
Further improvements
Renewables essential?
Devolved Wales Regulations
2006 2010
7. Looking further ahead – to Zero Carbon
ADL2 (2016)
Further improvements
All new schools proposed
to be zero carbon
All new non domestic
buildings to be zero
carbon
2020
Central Government depts.
(and wider public sector) will
have cut their greenhouse gas
emissions by 30% since
1999/00
2018 20192016
All new public
sector (non
domestic) to be
zero carbon
9. The shape of things to come?
Image: William McDonough & Partners.
10. Real life example project
Gazeley Blue Planet, Chatterley Valley,
- Outstanding BREEAM rating
- UKs first carbon positive logistics development
11. ADL2A – New buildings other than
dwellings
England & Wales
12. Five Criteria For Compliance
1. Achieving acceptable building CO2 emission rate
(BER) 25% overall improvement compared to 2006
regs.
2. Limits on design flexibility. Maximum allowable
building fabric U-values, maximum air leakage and
standards for building services are mandatory.
3. Limiting solar gain in summer – to prevent
overheating
4. Building performance consistent with BER. Prove
that actual building meets design
5. Providing information for building log book.
14. The National Calculation Method
The NCM has been devised to carry out this complex task. It
comprises a calculation engine called the „Simplified Building
Energy Model‟ (SBEM) operated within a user interface called
iSBEM
This 2010 software is now freely available - either downloadable
from the BRE website or on CD-ROM.
How are the 2010 Calculations
to be carried out?
Whole Building Energy Modelling
15. Calculations take account of the building
type / occupancy / location / orientation
and include assessment of :--
Thermal characteristics of the
envelope
Insulation
Windows
Thermal bridges
Air infiltration
Heating installation
Air-conditioning & ventilation
Fixed lighting (including controls)
Day lighting
Renewables, CHP, district H&C,
The National Calculation
Methodology - SBEM
16. Achieving 25% CO2 reduction.
The 2010 Notional building is intended to yield the required 25%
reduction in CO2 on aggregate when applied to projected mix of
new buildings
Non-domestic building type % new build CO2 reduction Target
Shallow plan (heated only) 1 22%
Shallow plan (Air conditioned) 1 40%
Deep plan (Air conditioned) 40 26%
Warehouse (inc Factories) 33 34%
Hotel 6 16%
School 4 27%
Retail 12 21%
Supermarket 2 26%
17. How do I comply?
The SBEM Notional
Building Specification
helps!
18. Notional Building Specification
Notional Building 2010
– the starting point for design
The specification of the Notional building
is based on delivering equal marginal abatement
costs across all components
19. The Notional Building Fabric
Notional building
2006 2010
Wall: 0.35 W/m²K
(60mm)
Roof: 0.25 W/m²K
(80-90mm)
Glazing: 2.20 W/m²K
Air permeability of
10 m³/hour at 50Pa
Wall: 0.26 W/m²K
(80-85mm)
Roof: 0.18 W/m²K
(110-120mm)
Glazing: 1.80 W/m²K
Air permeability of
5 m³/hour at 50Pa
Panel thickness increase circa 35%
22. Low & Zero Carbon Systems
Technologies include –
– Solar PV
– Solar thermal hot water
– Solar hot air collectors
– Biomass boilers
– Wind
– Biofuel
– Geothermal heat
All can contribute to reducing carbon
dioxide emissions from buildings.
24. Backstops
• No change to building fabric backstops.
• Building services and lighting backstops are
mostly improved.
25. Back Stop U-Values
– Backstop U-values / Air infiltration remain same
as 2006 – Table 4.
Roof – 0.25
Wall – 0.35
Windows – 2.2
Air Infiltration 10 max
„In general, achievement of the TER is likely to require
better fabric performance than set out in Table 4‟ –
Quote from ADL2A 2010 section 4.30
27. Limiting solar gains
• Any zone that is either occupied or mechanically cooled is
subject to the new solar gain limit check.
• Solar gain limit check is done by SBEM or
• CIBSE TM37 and BB101 give ways of assessing solar
overheating.
29. The calculated additional heat loss through a
junction thermal bridge is known as a Ψ(psi) value.
Ψ values represent the rate of additional heat loss
through that bridge over and above the rate of heat
loss through the main envelope elements.
Values for linear thermal bridges have to be put
into SBEM.
Thermal Bridging
31. Accredited Construction Details
Accredited Construction Details Schemes
(with QA on site) are being introduced.
25% (or 0.02 W/m.K which ever is greater)
penalty for using manufacturers details using
„competent person‟ or
50% penalty for generic details (IP 1/06)
Currently there are no schemes in existence
One proposed scheme estimates cost of £1600
/ detail!!
32. Measurement of air infiltration (leakage) is a
mandatory aspect of compliance:-
Can only be done after building completion
Building must achieve a minimum of 10m3/h/m2
@50Pa.
Final BER calculation with actual, tested air infiltration
must be compliant.
Research is underway to assess relationship between
building type / size and air infiltration achieved in
practice.
Air Leakage
34. Log Book
All Buildings designed to 2010
Regulations will require a Log Book
Purpose:-
To help owners / occupant to
operate and maintain the building in
an energy efficient way
35. Additional Noteworthy Changes.
CO2 emission rate calculations along with
specifications to be given to Building Control
BEFORE start of building work.
New guidance on shell and core developments
– SBEM calculation required with „assumed building
services‟.
– When building is fitted out the a new submission
to Building Control is required to prove
compliance.
37. The Notional Building – England &
Wales.
The specification of the Notional building in based on delivering equal
marginal abatement costs across all components
– Roof U-values 0.18
– Wall U-Values 0.26
The Notional Building is the starting point for design.
However – going beyond simple building regulation compliance recent
research by Aecom has shown that even lower U-values are cost
effective for the following building types –
Warehouses
Factories
Hospitals
Schools
Hotels
U-Values : 0.16 roofs / 0.20 walls.
39. Existing Building Stock
Non-domestic buildings in the UK account for 18% of
all CO2 emissions.
Refurbishment of existing stock is key to achieving
long term CO2 reduction targets.
Research by Caleb Management Systems has
evaluated the opportunities related to non-domestic
building refurbishment.
40. Overview of L2B
• New mandatory requirements for improved
building fabric performance
• New mandatory requirements for improved
building services and lighting
• Requirements for consequential improvements
retained
• No significant changes to the compliance
process.
41. Refurbishment – New Thermal
Elements
New Thermal Envelope Requirements
2006 2010
Wall: 0.35 W/m²K
(60mm)
Roof: 0.25 W/m²K
(80-90mm)
Glazing: 2.20 W/m²K
Wall: 0.28 W/m²K
(75-80mm)
Roof*: 0.18 W/m²K
(110-120mm)
Glazing: 1.80 W/m²K
Mandatory panel thickness increase 25-35%
* Flat roof or roof with integral insulation
42. Refurbishment – Upgraded Existing
Thermal Elements
Upgrading Retained Thermal Envelope
2006 2010
Wall: 0.35 W/m²K
(60mm)
Roof: 0.25 W/m²K
(80-90mm)
Glazing: 2.20 W/m²K
Wall: 0.30 W/m²K
(70mm)
Roof: 0.18/0.2 W/m²K*
(100-120mm)
Glazing: 1.80 W/m²K
* Subject to factors such as load bearing capacity
of frame etc
43. Refurbishment – Upgraded Existing
Thermal Elements
Complex rules including –
– Upgrade of whole area required if area to be
renovated is >50% surface area of the element OR
>25% of whole building envelope.
– Upgrading to the best standard is required if
achievement of the U-value requirements is not
„technically and functionally feasible or would not
achieve payback of 15 years‟.
44. Consequential Improvements
Additional work is required for buildings over 1000m2 floor area
– Extensions
– Initial provision of fixed building services
– Increase in capacity of fixed building service
Spend on consequential improvements must be at least 10% of
the value of the „principle works‟.
– Upgrade of existing fabric is a possible option assuming it is
„technically, functionally and economically feasible‟ and has
payback less than 15 years.
45. Transitional arrangements permit work
to be completed to 2006 Regulations if :
1) Work was started on site by 1st October 2010
2) Initial planning notice was submitted before 1st October
2010 and work starts before 1st October 2011
Starts on site after 1st October 2011 must comply with
the 2010 regulations
Transitional Period
47. Overview.
Special Scotland only version of SBEM in 2010.
30% CO2 reduction for all building types compared to
current requirements (2006).
New rules for shell and core developments
New rules for non-domestic refurbishment.
49. Shell Buildings
Mandatory Fabric Backstops –
–Walls 0.23
–Roofs 0.15
–Rooflights 1.6
– Air infiltration 7
Shell certified under building warrant.
50. Scotland – Extensions / Unheated
Building Upgrade
Extensions to existing buildings & conversion of
unheated buildings.
Fabric maximum U-values –
– Walls 0.25
– Roofs 0.15
– Rooflights 1.6
– However, trade off IS allowed provided area
weighted U-value conforms to the above
requirements.
51. Scotland – Refurbishment of Heated
Buildings.
Insulated envelope should be assessed and upgraded as follows
-
Fabric „maximum‟ values –
– Walls 0.30
– Roofs 0.25
– Rooflights 1.6
However, these values are not mandatory and can be reviewed
on a case by case basis.
No requirement for consequential improvements in Scotland!
54. Summary U-Values - Roofs
Roof U-values of 0.15 to 0.20 will become mandatory
in some circumstances
– 0.15 max mandatory in Scotland for shell
buildings,
– 0.15 max in Scotland for refurb of unheated
buildings and Extensions (trade off allowed).
– 0.18 max mandatory for refurb in England / Wales
– 0.20 max mandatory for new build in Scotland
0.18 Notional Roof U-value for new build in England &
Wales
55. Summary U-Value - Walls
Wall U-Values of 0.23 to 0.30 are mandatory in the
following situations –
– 0.28 max mandatory for refurb (replacement)
– 0.30 max mandatory for refurb (upgrade)
– 0.27 max mandatory for all walls in Scotland
– 0.23 max mandatory for shell buildings Scotland
– 0.25 max mandatory for extensions / conversion
Scotland
Wall Notional U-values 0.26 in England & Wales.
56. Summary
2010 is a significant step on the road to zero carbon buildings
The 2010 changes are significant and will drive the building fabric
and building services performance to their limits.
Buildings in 2010 can comply without renewables but renewables
will help compliance and give a financial return.
It makes sense to think about the future now and think about going
beyond the requirements of the 2010 revision to „future proof‟ the
building.
2013 – Separate regulations for England, Wales & Scotland.
RIBA Approved CPD is available.
Compliance isn‟t getting any easier!!
