2. The representation of the figure in art
changes as human needs and artistic
expression evolved.
Early figure images served only
communication and religious purposes.
Later, portraits captured images of the living.
After the invention of the
camera, figure art became highly creative
and expressive.
3. Throughout history, figures are
represented as
drawings, paintings, and sculpture.
Sculpture achieved a realistic
appearance before drawings and
paintings of figures.
4. PREHISTORIC FIGURES
• Line drawings of figures, similar to “stick
figures.”
• Told stories of tribal celebrations, war and
“the hunt” and communicated before
written language.
5.
6.
7.
8. PRE-COLUMBIAN FIGURES
• Figures were mostly in sculpture form.
• Represented gods and other deities for
worship and ceremonies.
9.
10.
11. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN
FIGURES
• Figure drawings were flat looking,
with heads and feet in profile, while
the chest/heart faced forward as well
as the eye.
• Most important figures were shown
larger than others.
14. ANCIENT GREEK AND
ROMAN FIGURES
• Figures were often used in storytelling,
especially mythology.
• Drawings were still flat looking, but
sculptures were very realistic.
• Figure sculptures showed the classical
“contrapposto” pose and realistic looking
drapery.
21. MIDDLE AGES 1000-
1300AD
• Figures in paintings were beginning to
develop a little more in form.
• Used in picturing religious and medieval
scenes.
25. RENAISSANCE 1400 AD
• With the discovery of perspective,
figures had more realistic form.
• Figures continued in religious
depictions, but also became
popular as portraits of the clergy
and wealthy patrons.
• In time, portraiture grew to include
the middle class.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. 18th Century -1700’s
• Portraiture continued to be popular,
sometimes including land, house, pet, or
other prized possession.
• Figure painting also provided
entertainment or delivered a message.
37. Realism and Impressionism
–late 1800’s
• The invention of the camera had a profound
effect on figures in art, especially
portraiture.
• Artists began painting “genre” (figures in
everyday life situations).
• Figure painting and sculpture changed from
realistic to more impressionistic styles.
All images in the powerpoint presentation are either in the public domain, are available under the GNU licensing agreement or have been reproduced and made available under the Yorke project. All other images which are not in the public domain or have copyright restrictions have been listed with a url link to an image.
Rock painting of 3 men performing a ritual dance, Tamunshede, Bohuslan, Sweden Aboriginal Rock Art, Ubirr Art Site, Kakadu National Park, Australia
petroglyphs at Una Vida site at Chaco National Historic site
3000 year old paintings by the San people at Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg, South Africa
Teotihuacan, Mexico around 200,000 people; in 600 AD it is estimated to have been the sixth largest city in the entire world. [Palace of the Moon -12 temples Funerary Figure Mural -Procession of the Priests -inside the Temple -the large curve in front o fthe priests are speech bubbles- representing their chanting
The most famous in palace The Paradise of Tlaloc. The god Tlaloc - depicts his "paradise" many people are shown in the middle of a variety of acts - diving and swimming in a river with fish, talking to each other, eating, picking flowers and, near the top right-hand corner of this photograph, As you can see, there's an abundance of speech bubbles, as well as various butterflies and other insects. Here, figures are well established somewhat proportionally correct an in a variety of animated positions
British Museum
Queen Nefertiti -1360 BC changing Egypt's religion from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion. They believed in only one god, Aten.
Contrapposto -weight on mostly one foot to twist the torso forward and jut out the hip
Ancient Greece - Black Figure Amphora Urns -500BC
Zeus on his throne Zeus with thunderbolt and dove Zeus settling a dispute
Eyes were blank or hollow “Windows to the Soul”
Held drapery always in left hand so that right arm could freely move to express. It forced them to be more graceful
Greeks were very much about the body and idolizing the figure to its extremes. The romans were more realistic about the body The discus Thrower “ The old woman - Romans were not afraid to depict the decay of the body or the ordinariness
Iconography -elongated figures slumped over, tired, figures -endless work in translating the scriptures, slight disproportion- emphasis of the halo
Form shown through shading . The Christ child having adult features, foreshadowing his ministry Features are stoic or sad, keeping in step with humility and self-abassment
Christ in Majesty, Aberdeen Bestiary The illuminated letter P in the Malmesbury Bible Figures using symbols and gestures
Christ Handing the Keys to St. Peter by Pietro Perugino (1481-82) Fresco, 335 x 550 cm Cappella Sistina, Vatican
Death of St. Sebastian by Giovanni Bellini –he was shot to what they thought to death by a number of arrows like a pin cushion. But he was taken down by two ladies who nursed him back to health. He then healed a blind girla nd was beaten to death by soldiers.
Michelangelo’s David -compare to our biblical understanding of David and his boyishness Creation of Adam Sistine Chapel –Part of the Palace for the Pope in Rome 4 years and 300 figures
Leonardo Da Vinci
Albert VII, Archduke of Austria, Peter Paul Rubens, 1615 – 1632, Marie de Medici, Peter Paul Rubens, 1622-1625, FASHION: Once drapery, medieval ages moved male drapery to above the knee. Women all wore full length dress
The Artist’s Family, Hans Holbein the Younger, 1528. Realism through the Reformation and emphasis on the family instead of religious.
Robert Andrews and his Wife, Thomas Gainsborough, 1748 – 1750, National Gallery London Riding Pants, British uniform reflected in everyday wear. Women still covered. Wealth and leisure to show status.
Empahsis on the leisure class and infidelity –cupid in corner with the man and his hat opened wide to the young gal who is kicking off Her shoes at him and revealing all. The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1700’s
Romanticism : created as a reaction to the lovey dovey work of the 18 th Century Shows the sublime, the poetic, the romantic-deep nature of humans Watson and the Shark, John Singleton Copley, 1778, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Romanticism The rawness of the scene and the violence was shocking for the public to see. The striking of the spear, the possible doom the victim may Have, the suspense of not knowing. Chiarascuro – use of light and darks to emphasize the drama. Watson and the Shark was inspired by an event that took place in Havana, Cuba, in 1749. Fourteen-year-old Brook Watson, an orphan serving as a crew member on a trading ship, was attacked by a shark while swimming alone in the harbor. His shipmates, who had been waiting on board to escort their captain ashore, launched a valiant rescue effort. Copley chose to depict the moment of highest dramatic intensity -- the instant just prior to the third, presumably fatal, attack. Viewers had no way of knowing that the lad would be plucked from the jaws of death by his stalwart companions. Brook Watson, a young sailor out for a swim, was attacked by a shark and saved by his shipmates. The shark bit off part of Watson's leg, but he recovered and went on to live a well-documented, one-legged life as a merchant and politician in London, and eventually served a term as mayor from 1796-97. It is likely that Watson commissioned the painting from Copley. The use of movement in placing elements –including the dramatic thrust of the tail off the picture page!
In 1819, Francesco de Goya painted the grotesque "Saturn Devouring One of His Children" : t depicts the Greek myth of Cronus (in the title Romanised to Saturn), who, fearing that his children would supplant him, ate each one upon their birth. It is one of the series of Black Paintings that Goya painted directly onto the dining wall of his house sometime between 1819 and 1823. After Goya's death the work was transferred to canvas, and now resides in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.
Croquet Players, Winslow Homer, 1865, Albright-Knox Gallery Paintings of leisure and upper class, also mingled with reality of lower class The “Black Suit” due to Industrial Revolution –soot etc and making all men equal The lady and her dress became the focal poitn and showed the man’s class
The Luncheon Boating Party, Auguste Renoir, 1881, Phillips Collection
Claude monet
Mary Cassatt, 1900 -Asian Influence on patterning and negative space
Edward Degas
Vincent van gogh
Henri Matisse
Picasso –interested in the objetionables/outcasts Pink period early in career – the cirucs Cubism -“Les demoiselles d'Avignon”, 1907 - 5 nude prostitutes in a brothel –OUTRAGE african masks over 100 sketches
Edward Munch
Frida Kahlo
Salvador Dali
Andrew Wyeth –Christina’s world
Reclining Figure, Henry Moore, modernism
George segal -Isolation
Edward hopper
Today we feature the famous picture of the woman of the Great Depression. The photograph was taken in 1936 by Dorothea Lange.
Diane Arbus – the abject
Richard Avedon 1980 –the normal
Andy Warhol Roy Lichenstein
Duane Hanson -1970’s
Sandy skoglund- Isolation
Jonathan Borofsky Walking to the sky –NYC Male/Female –Meijer Gardens