This document summarizes an energy storage system project submitted by a mechanical engineering student. It introduces different types of energy storage, including battery energy storage systems, hydrogen energy storage systems, pumped hydro storage plants, compressed air energy storage systems, and mechanical energy storage systems. Battery systems can be used for photovoltaic and utility applications. Hydrogen systems use electrolysis and fuel cells. Pumped hydro and compressed air systems store potential or kinetic energy. The document discusses the need for energy storage to address supply-demand mismatches from renewable sources and outlines barriers and a strategic approach to developing energy storage.

1. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
NAME: AMIT EKKA
REGD NO: F22-4005
BRANCH: MECHANICAL
SEMISTER: 1ST

2. INTRODUCTION
• IT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES. SOME RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES HAVE
INTERMITTENT GENERATION PROFILES, WHICH MEANS THAT ELECTRICITY IS ONLY
PRODUCED WHEN THE SUN IS SHINING OR WHEN THE WIND IS BLOWING. THIS
CREATES SUPPLY AND DEMAND DISCREPANCIES BECAUSE CONSUMERS MAY STILL
REQUIRE ELECTRICITY WHEN RENEWABLES SOURCES ARE NOT PRODUCING.
• ENERGY STORAGE ENABLES A LOWER-COST GENERATING SOURCE TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY AT A DIFFERENT POINT IN TIME TO BE STORED AND THEN USED TO
MEET TIMES OF PEAK DEMAND. THIS ‘FLEXIBILITY’ HAS THE POTENTIAL TO
TRANSFORM HOW WE PRODUCE AND CONSUME ELECTRICITY.

3. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
• NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE
• TYPES OF ENERGY STORAGE
• BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS)
• HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (HESS)
• PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE PLANT IN INDIA
• COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (CAES)
• MECHANICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (MESS)
• STATEGIC APPROACH
• BARRIERS
• CONCLUSION

4. WHAT IS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
• ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM CAN ACTUALLY STORE ENERGY AND USE THE STORED
ENERGY WHENEVER THE NEED ARISES.
• AS THE NEED FOR CLEAN ENERGY ARISES, THE NEED TO REPLACE CURRENT
EXISTING POWER PLANTS HAVE BECOME A GLOBAL ISSUE.

5. NEED OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
• SUPPLY AND DEMAND MISMATCH.
• UTILIZE STORAGE FOR PEAK PERIODS.
• RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY.
• REDUCE THE NEED FOR NEW GENERATION CAPACITY.
• ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
• EMERGENCY SUPPORT.

6. TYPES OF ENERGY STORAGE
• ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE THE SET OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED TO STORE VARIOUS FORMS OF
ENERGY.
• THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY STORAGE
• BATTERIES: A RANGE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE SOLUTIONS, INCLUDING ADVANCED CHEMISTRY BATTERIES,
FLOW BATTERIES, AND CAPACITORS
• MECHANICAL STORAGE: OTHER INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO HARNESS KINETIC OR GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY TO ST
ORE ELECTRICITY
• COMPRESSED AIR: UTILIZE COMPRESSED AIR TO CREATE ENERGY RESERVES. ELECTRICITY CAN BE CONVERTED INTO
HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS. THE HYDROGEN CAN BE THEN STORED AND EVENTUALLY RE-ELECTRIFIED.
• PUMPED HYDRO-POWER: CREATES ENERGY RESERVES BY USING GRAVITY AND THE MANIPULATION OF WATER
ELEVATION
• THERMAL: CAPTURING HEAT OR COLD TO CREATE ENERGY
• THE CHOICE OF ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY IS TYPICALLY DICTATED BY APPLICATION, ECONOMICS,
INTEGRATION WITHIN THE SYSTEM, AND THE AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES.

7. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS)
• BESS FOR PV SYSTEMS: DC/DC
CONVERTERS ARE USED PROVIDING
DC LINK VOLTAGE TO THE INVERTER
FROM BATTERY.
• BESS FOR UTILITY: BIDIRECTIONAL
INVERTER (DC/AC OR AC/DC) ARE
USED. DC/AC CONVERSION TO AC
GRID AND AC/DC CONVERSION TO
CHARGING BATTERY

8. HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (HESS)
• HYDROGEN AS FUEL
• ELECTROLYSER : DECOMPOSING WATER TO H AND O2 THEN H STORED IN A HIGH PRESSURE TANK AS
FUEL STORAGE
• FUEL CELL: GENERATING DC POWER BY REACTION OF H AND O2 AND WATER OR STEAM RELEASED AS
WASTE
• HYDROGEN ABLE TO BE TRANSPORTED VIA GAS PIPES
• OVERALL HESS AROUND 30% EFFICIENCY WHICH IS MUCH LOWER THAN BESS

9. PUMP HYDRO STORAGE SYSTEM
• EMPLOYS OFF PEAK ELECTRICITY TO PUMP WATER TO A RESERVOIR OF LOW
ELEVATION TO HIGHER ELEVATION AND RUN DOWN TO HYDRO TURBINE TO
GENERATE ELECTRICITY..
• CAN BE SIZED UPTO 1GW.
• EFFICIENCY 80-85%.
• LIFE 50-60 YEARS.
• SITING ISSUE
• EXPANSIVE TO BUILD.

10. PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE PLANT IN INDIA

11. COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
SYSTEM(CAES)
• AIR IS COMPRESSED AD STORED AND IS LATER USED IN GAS TURBINE STATIONS.
• CAN BE SIZED UNDERGROUND 400 MW. ABOVE GROUND 3-50 MW.
• EFFICIENCY 70%.
• LIFE 30 YEARS.
• SITING ISSUE.
• EXPANSIVE TO BUILD.

12. MECHANICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
(MESS)
• FLYWHEELS
• ENERGY IS STORED IN THE FORM OF MECHANICAL ENERGY.
• LIFE 20 YEARS.
• EFFICIENCY 70-80%
• AS MOST ENERGY IS LOST DUE TO FRICTION FLYWHEELS ARE OPERATED IN ENCLOSED VACUUM
SPACE.
• LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
• SUITABLE FOR SHORTER DURATION
• HIGH COST.
• ADD MORE WEIGHT TO CARS.

13. STRATEGIC APPROACH

14. BARRIERS

15. CONCLUSION
• ESS FOR BALANCING GRID IS A LONG TERM SOLUTION.
• RESEARCH CENTERS SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED TO CARRY OUT THE RESEARCH
AND FOR TESTING IN THIS FIELD.
• COUNTRIES WHO HAVE NOT YET EXPLORED THEIR RENEWABLE ENERGY
POTENTIAL SHOULD EXPLORE POTENTIAL OF STORAGE IN PARALLEL.
• PROPER POLICIES SHOULD BE DEVELOPED.
• EXPLORE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

16. THANK YOU