Secondary organ of female reproductive system

1. SECONDARY ORGAN OF
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM[MAMMARY
GLAND]
PREPARED BY:-RAHUL YADAV
B.SC.(N) 3rd YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION
 Mammary gland or female Breast is
the Secondary Or Accessary Organ
Of FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.
 The mammary gland is a highly
evolved and specialized organ
present in pairs, one on each side
of the anterior chest wall.
 The organ's primary function is to
secrete milk.

3. SHAPE, STRUCTURE, POSITION OF
THE GLAND
SHAPE:- it is conical in shape.
SITUATION:- (I) Breast lies in the
superficial fascia of pectoral region.
(ii) It vertically extend from 2nd rib to
6th rib.
•It horizontally extend from lateral
Border of sternum to Midaxillary
Line.

4.  •It is divided into 4 Quadrants:-
(I) Upper Inner
(ii) Upper outer
(iii) Lower inner
(iv) Lower outer
•A small extension of upper outer
quadrant called Axillary tail Of
Spence, Passes through an opening in
deep fasc

5. DEEP RELATIONS :-
 Breast lies on deep fascia (pectoral
fascia) covering pectoris major
muscle.
 Breast is separated from pectoral
fascia by Loose Aerolar tissue
Called Retromammary Space.
(NOTE:-Due to this loose tissue
normal breast can be moved freely over
Pectoralis major)

6.  STRUCTURE OF BREAST:- (Skin)
 NIPPLE:-
•it is conical projection, present
just below the centre of breast,
at the level of 4th intercoastal
space.
•Pierced by 15 -20 Lactiferous
ducts.
• Contain circular and longitudinal
smooth muscle fibres which can
make nipple stiff, flatten it,
respectively.

7.  AEROLA:-
•Skin Surrounding base on nipple is
pigmented and forms a circular area called
Aerola.
 •Rich in modified sebaceous gland.
 •These gland become enlarge during
pregnancy and lactation to form Raised
Tubercles of Mantgomery.
 •Oily secretions of these gland lubricate
the nipple and aerola and prevent them
from cracking during lactation.
 •Below the aerola, Lactiferous sinus is
present where stored milk is seen

8. PARENCHYMA:-
 It is a Compound tubulo-Alveolar gland
which secrete milk.
 Gland consist of 15 to 20 lobes.
 Each love is a cluster of Alveoli and
drained by a lactiferous ducts.
 Lactiferous ducts converge towards
Nipple and open on it.
 Near it’s termination, Each duct has a
dilation called Lactiferous sinus.

9. STROMA:-
 Stroma forms Supporting frame of Gland.
 It is partly fibrous and partly fatty.
 Fibrous stroma forms septa known as
suspensory ligament of Cooper.
 (Note:- Suspensory ligament of Cooper
anchors skin and gland to pectoral fascia.
 Fatty Stroma form main bulk of Gland.
 Fatty Stroma is distributed all over breast
except Nipple and Aerola

10. BREAST CANCER
• Breast cancer is a form of cancer that
forms in the cells of Breast.
•Breast Cancer develops in the cells of the
acini lactiferous ducts and lobules of
the breast.
•Cancer growth and spread depends on
the exact cellular site of origin of the
cancer.
•Breast Cancer spread via the lymphatics
and veins.

11. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
 ETIOLOGY:-
•Exact cause is Unknown.
 RISK FACTORS:-
 •Early Menarche (Under age 12)
 • Late Menopause (After age 50)
 •Radiation exposure (Chest X-ray)
 •Excessive alcohol intake
 •Smoking
 •Breast Trauma

12. CLINICAL FEATURES
•Breast Mass Or Thickening.
•Unusual lump in the under arm or
above the colar bone.
•Abnormal Nipple Discharge
•Changes in Nipple Position
•Burning , Stinging or Pricking
Sensation.

13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection
 Physical Examination
 Mammogram
 Breast Ultrasound
 Biopsy
 M.R.I.

14. MANAGEMENT
 Radiation Therapy
 Chemotherapy
 Harmonal Therapy
 Surgical Management:-
 •Lumpectomy
 •Mastectomy

15. BREAST SELF EXAMINATION
 A breast self-exam is a step-by-step method women
can use to examine their breasts. By looking at and
feeling your breasts regularly, you can notice anything
that seems abnormal.
 Monthly breast self-exams can help you detect
detect changes that may be signs of infection
infection or BREAST CANCER .
 Regular breast exams can help you maintain
breast health and detect cancer early,
when it is easier to treat and more likely to
be cured.

16. STEPS OF A SELF BREAST EXAM
1. Visual inspection:
(i)stand in front of a mirror. Put your
arms down by your sides. Look for
any changes in breast shape, breast
swelling, dimpling in the skin or
changes in the nipples.

17. •VISUAL INSPECTION:-
 (ii)Next, raise your arms high overhead
and look for the same things.

18.  2. Manual inspection while standing up :- (I) use your
right hand to examine your left breast, then vice versa.
With the pads of your three middle fingers, press on
every part of one breast. Use light pressure, then
medium, then firm. Feel for any lumps, thick spots or
other changes. A circular pattern may help you make
sure you hit every spot.

19.  2. Manual inspection while standing up: (ii)
press the tissue under the arm. Be sure to
check under the areola and then squeeze the
nipple gently to check for discharge. Repeat
the steps on the other side of your body.

20.  3. Manual inspection while lying down: Lie down and
put a pillow under your right shoulder. Place your right
arm behind your head. Using your left hand, apply the
same technique as step 2, using the pads of your
to press all parts of the breast tissue and under your
arm.
(ii)Be sure to check under the areola and then squeeze
the nipple gently to check for discharge.

21.  THANKYOU