intrtoduction about the robotics

1. THE FIRST STEP TO ROBOTICS
DR RAJESH SHARMA RAJENDRAN
CVR SIG – CO-ORDINATOR
AP/CSE/ASTU/ADAMA/ETHIOPIA

2. CONTENTS
– What is Robotics?
– History of Robot
– Generations of Robots
– Types of Robots
– The Purpose of Robots
– Applications of Robots
– Example of Robots with sample code
– The way forward [The Future]

3. WHAT IS ROBOTICS?
 Robotics is an interdisciplinary research area at the interface of computer
science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation,
and use of robots. (Wiki)
 The goal of robotics is to design intelligent machines that can help and assist
humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe(Must Follow the
Robotic Laws).
• Robotics is the divisionof technology that dealswith the design, construction,operation,
structuraldisposition, manufactureand application of robots.
• Robotics is related to the interdisciplinary sciences of electronics engineering,
mechanics, and software.
• A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move
material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks (Robot
Institute of America)

4. IN HUMAN ASPECTS
• “Robots” is physical agents that performtasks by software with hardware to the
physical world.
 They are equipped with sensors to perceive their environment and effectors
to assert physical forces on it.
 It is a Mechanical device that performs human tasks, either
automatically or by remote control.

5. Speech, Vision ,
Acceleration, Temperature,
Position ,Distance , Touch
Force Magnetic field ,Light ,
Sound , PositionSense
Task Plan, Classification
Learning
Process ,data Path
planning , Motion
planning, prediction
planning
Thin
k
5
Sens
e
Act
Output information
Move, Speech
Text, Visuals,
Wheels Legs
Arms Tracks
5/27/2020CSE/ASTU

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ROBOTICS

7. HISTORY
• The wordrobot waspopularized byCzech playwright Karel Capek in his1921 play
R.U.R. (Rossum'sUniversal Robots).
• The first industrial robot wasinstalled in 1961. Thesearethe robots oneknowsfrom
industrial facilities like carconstruction plants.

8. GENERATIONS
 First - UNIMATE 1961 industrial robot ,, transport die-casting, welding parts,
drum memory.
 Second – WABOT-1 1972 first humanoid robot, machine intelligence, motors
& vision system, ability to communicate
 Third- WABOT –II 1984 in build arm motors, eliminating of long transmissions,
successful interactions
 Fourth – AIBO 1998 Artificial intelligence bot, 64-bit RISC processor, 8MB
RAM, sensors and actuators
 ROBONAUT II 2010 works in microgravity.
 Fifth(present) – SOFIA 2015 AI, Speech to Text Technology, visual data
processing, Facial recognition, cloud networks, block chain Technology.

10. TYPES -GENERALLY, THERE ARE FIVE TYPES OF ROBOTS:
 Pre-Programmed Robots. Pre-programmed robots operate in a controlled
environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks. An example of a pre-
programmed robot would be a mechanical arm on an automotive assembly
line. The arm serves one function — to weld a door on, to insert a certain part
into the engine, etc. — and it's job is to perform that task longer, faster and
more efficiently than a human.
 Humanoid Robots.:Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or mimic
human behavior. These robots usually perform human-like activities (like
running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to look
like us, even having human faces and expressions. Two of the most
prominent examples of humanoid robots are Hanson Robotics’ Sophia (in the
video above) and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas.

11. CONTINUE
 Autonomous Robots: Autonomous robots operate independently of human
operators. These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in open
environments that do not require human supervision. An example of an
autonomous robot would be the Roomba vacuum cleaner, which uses
sensors to roam throughout a home freely.
 Teleoperated Robots: Teleoperated robots are mechanical bots controlled by
humans. These robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions,
weather, circumstances, etc. Examples of teleoperated robots are the human-
controlled submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during the BP oil spill
or drones used to detect landmines on a battlefield.
 Augmenting Robots: Augmenting robots either enhance current human
capabilities or replace the capabilities a human may have lost. Some
examples of augmenting robots are robotic prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons
used to lift hefty weights.

12. OTHER TYPES OF ROBOTS
• Industrial robot - Materials handling, Welding / Repairing, Inspection, Improving
productivity, Laboratory applications, Mobile Robots
• Educational Robots
• Domestic Robots:
(i) Those designed to perform household tasks
(ii)Modern toys which are programmed to do things like talking, walking and
dancing.
• Hardware Robots
– Non-adaptive robots have no way of sensing the environment, so do
the job regardless of any environmental factors
– Adaptive Robots: get feedback from a sensor to alter the operation of the
device.

14. HOW THE COMPUTER SCIENCE RELATED TO ROBOTS
 Robotics utilizes a broad range of disciplines within computer science and
beyond, from mathematics to mechanics to biology. Especially important tools
from computer science include artificial intelligence and sophisticated sensor
processing (e.g. computer vision).

15. NEED OF ROBOT
• Tedious tasksthat robots cando 24/7
• Robots never get sick or need time off.
• Robots candotasksconsideredtoo dangerous for humans.
• May beable to performtasks that are impossible for humans.
• Robots canoperate equipmentto much higher precision than humans.
• May becheaper over the long-term
• To assist thealternativetalented people

16. CONTINUE…
 Exploration
 The hardest thing any robot has to do is to be able to taught
 how to walk.
 Space Missions
 Robots in the Antarctic
 Exploring Volcanoes
 Underwater Exploration
 Medical Science
 Surgical assistant
 Assembly
 Factories

17. FIRST MOBILE ROBOT
 Shakey (1966 – 1972)
 Shakey was the first mobile robot with the ability to
reason and react to its environment.
 Developed at SRI’s (Stanford Research Institute)
pioneering Artificial Intelligence Center, Shakey has
had a substantial influence on present-day AI and
robotics.
 Using a TV camera, a triangulating range finder, and
bump sensors, Shakey was connected to DEC PDP-
10 and PDP-15 computers via radio and video links.

18. SURGICAL ROBOT
 SRI’s M7 surgical robot conducted the first-ever
acceleration-compensated medical procedure in
zero- gravity flight for NASA.
 The M7 was also the first surgical robot to be
successfully deployed to an undersea environment
simulating the inflexibilities of outer space in
NASA’s Extreme Environment Mission Operation
(NEEMO), demonstrating remote surgery over
1,200 miles of public Internet.
 One year later, the M7 demonstrated the first
autonomous ultrasound-guided medical procedure
in the same undersea laboratory.

19. BOMB SQUAD
 The Mini-Andros is used by
bomb squads across the country
to locate and dispose of bombs.
 The hurt locker – Hollywood
movie

20. FUTURE?
 Although most robots in use today are designed for specific tasks, the goal is
to make universal robots, robots flexible enough to do just about anything a
human can do.
 Visual object recognition: Our robots today are not very aware of their
surroundings, as we do not have general- purpose vision algorithms that can
recognize particular objects never seen before as an instance of a known
class.
 Manipulation: We need to develop widely deployable robot hands so that
hundreds of researchers can experiment with manipulation.
 New sensors: Direct investment in new sensor modalities for robots will lead
to new algorithms that can exploit them and make robots more aware of their
surroundings, and hence able to act more intelligently.

21. CONTINUE…
 Materials science: is producing radically new materials with sometimes
hard‐to‐believe properties.
 Distributed and networked robots: Technology allows us to decompose tasks
in ways that humans are incapable.
 Awareness of people: Most future applications of robots will require that
they work in close proximity to humans. To do so safely, we need both
perceptual awareness of people, and actuators and robots that are
intrinsically safe for humans to physically contact.
 Social interaction:If ordinary people are to work with robots they must be able
to interact with them in cognitively easy ways.

22. WHERE CAN WE USE
 Transport (public and private)
 Exploration (océans, space, deserts, etc.)
 Mining (dangerous environments)
 Civil Defense (search and rescue, fire fighting etc.)
 Security/Surveillance (patrol, observation and intervention)
 Domestic Services (cleaning etc.)
 Entertainment (robotic toys etc.)
 Assistive Technologies (support for the fragile)
 War Machines
 Scientific Instrumentation (e.g. synchrotron sample preparation, chemical screening
etc.)

23. ROBOT USING PYTHON CODE
 Install python 2.7 or more versions
 Install PIL-1.1.7.win32-py2.7 or more
 Download these all supporting python files

24. REFERENCES
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Block-diagram-of-robotic-system_fig3_331329130
 https://www.slideshare.net/EdurekaIN/evolution-of-robots-a-brief-history-of-robotics-in-10-minutes-edureka
 https://www.slideshare.net/AmeyaGandhi/basics-of-robotics
 https://www.slideshare.net/BiniamAsnake/computer-vision-and-robotics

25. Queries ?