It is approach for converting Artificial Intelligent Robot as a human, alternatively it can similar to Humanoids. Different factors is under Research but most are in applications.

2. This highlights the similarities between human
sensors and their engineering counterparts.
Taking this approach enables to view the human
body as a system, that is, from the perspective of
an engineer. Humans have recreated most
human sensors in robots – eyes, ears and sensors
for temperature, touch and smell. It can be
categorized as
Sensor
Receptors
Stimuli

3. A real or imaginary machine that is controlled
by a computer and is often made to look like a
human or animal
A machine that can do the work of a person
and that works automatically or is controlled
by a computer

4. Currently, there is no concrete definition of what constitutes a sense, but in
general, a sense is a means of perception that is detected by a specific sensory
organ; for example, the eye is the organ that allows one to see and the ear allows
one to hear. Sometimes senses are perceived concurrently with each other; for
example, most people see and hear the person with whom they are speaking.
It is quite common for people to learn about the world by touching, tasting,
smelling, seeing, and hearing things around them; in this way, senses are the
means of understanding new concepts and gaining knowledge. In some cases, a
person may not be able to use one or more human sense, for example, when a
person is blind or deaf. Usually, in such a case, a different sense will be
heightened to make up for the lacking one; so if a person cannot see, he may be
able to hear extremely well
There are between five and 21 human senses, but it is generally agreed that five
is the minimum. The basic five senses are touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.
Some people choose to include an additional four senses to the list, which include
the sense of temperature, pain, balance, and body position.
The nervous system determines the countless we feel all over our bodies every day. How
does this work? What causes your leg to feel tingly when it falls asleep? How do you
know when you're about to sneeze?

5. In cell biology, a structure on the surface of a cell (or inside a cell) that
selectively receives and binds a specific substance. There are many receptors.
There is a receptor for (insulin); there is a receptor for low-density lipoproteins
(LDL); etc. The receptor for substance P, a molecule that acts as a messenger
for the sensation of pain, is a unique harbor on the cell surface where substance
P docks. Without this receptor, substance P cannot dock and cannot deliver its
message of pain. Variant forms of nuclear hormone receptors mediate
processes such as cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid production. Some
hormone receptors are implicated in diseases such as diabetes and certain
types of cancer. A receptor called PXR appears to jump-start the body's
response to unfamiliar chemicals and may be involved in drug-drug interactions.
In neurology, a terminal of a sensory nerve that receives and responds to
stimuli.

6. Sensory systems code for four aspects of a stimulus; type (modality),
intensity, location, and duration. Arrival time of a sound
pulse and phase differences of continuous sound are used for
localization of sound sources. Certain receptors are sensitive to certain
types of stimuli (for example, different mechanoreceptors respond best
to different kinds of touch stimuli, like sharp or blunt objects). Receptors
send impulses in certain patterns to send information about the intensity
of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is). The location of the
receptor that is stimulated gives the brain information about the location
of the stimulus (for example, stimulating a mechanoreceptor in a finger
will send information to the brain about that finger). The duration of the
stimulus (how long it lasts) is conveyed by firing patterns of receptors.
These impulses are transmitted to the brain through afferent neurons.
It is an event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or
tissue. It is areas of the brain which respond to auditory stimuli. it
arouses activity or energy in someone or something; a spur or incentive.

7. •Some people experience something called synesthesia where
they may perceive some sound and think of it as a color. So a
dog barking may be “red” to them or the like. This condition
does not generally occur naturally, though it can; it usually
manifests itself when people are under the influence of
hallucinogens.
•Cattle tend to align themselves north-south, which leads
some researchers to believe they have a strong
magnetoception sense.
•Sharks, stringrays, and chimeara all possess an
electroreceptive organ called an ampullae of Lorenzini. This
organ gives them the ability to detect even small variations in
electric potential. They can use this to detect magnetic fields,
among other things.

8. There are some people who do seem to have other senses. For example, there
are many people who can sense impending weather changes. I could always
sense when I was about to make a mess (the sense also known as "eyes in the
back of the head"). And many people feel that they can sense when someone
else is looking at them. No scientific proof for any of these senses, yet...
Other animals also have receptors to sense the world around them,
with degrees of capability varying greatly between species. Humans
have a comparatively weak sense of smell relative to many other
mammals while some animals may lack one or more of the traditional
five senses. Some animals may also intake and interpret sensory
stimuli in very different ways. Some species of animals are able to
sense the world in a way that humans cannot, with some species able
to sense electrical and magnetic fields, and detect water pressure and
currents.

9. One such method for testing whether humans have magnetoception is by
placing a strong magnetic field near a person and then disorienting them.
Results have shown that people in this scenario perform significantly
worse at being able to re-orient themselves in terms of the cardinal points
than people who are not near a strong magnetic field. More conclusive
evidence has been demonstrated by examining subject’s brains when
magnetic fields are produced near a person. It has been shown that
these magnetic fields will evoke a response in the brain’s activity.

11. In eyes, two different types of light sensors. One set of sensors,
called the rods, senses light intensity and works well in low-light
situations. The other type, called cones, can sense color

12. It is the sense of sound perception. Hearing is all about
vibration. Mechanoreceptors turn motion into electrical nerve
pulses, which are located in the inner ear. Since sound is
vibration, propagating through a medium such as air, the
detection of these vibrations, that is the sense of the hearing,
is a mechanical sense because these vibrations are
mechanically conducted from the eardrum through a series
of tiny bones to hair-like fibers in the inner ear, which detect
mechanical motion of the fibers within a range of about 20 to
20,000 hertz.

13. In your skin, there are at least five different types of nerve endings:
heat sensitive
cold sensitive
pain sensitive
Itch sensitive
pressure sensitive
This has been found to be distinct from pressure, temperature,
pain, and even itch sensors.

14. On the tongue, there are chemical receptors that give us our sense of
taste. (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami)

15. In your nose, there are chemical sensors that give you your sense
of smell.

17. Ability to sense heat and cold. This is thought
of as more than one sense. This is not just
because of the two hot/cold receptors, but
also because there is a completely different
type of thermoceptor, in terms of the
mechanism for detection, in the brain. These
thermoceptors in the brain are used for
monitoring internal body temperature.

18. This was once thought to simply be the result
of overloading other senses, such as “touch”,
but this has been found not to be the case
and instead, it is its own unique sensory
system. There are three distinct types of pain
receptors: cutaneous (skin), somatic (bones
and joints), and visceral (body organs).

19. The sense that allows to keep balance and sense
body movement in terms of acceleration and
directional changes. This sense also allows for
perceiving gravity. The sensory system for this is
found in your inner ears and is called the vestibular
labyrinthine system. Anyone who’s ever had this
sense go out on them on occasion knows how
important this is. When it’s not working or
malfunctioning, you literally can’t tell up from down and
moving from one location to another without aid is
nearly impossible.
Also in ears are sensors that detect orientation in the
gravitational field -- they give sense of balance.

20. This sense gives the ability to tell where
body parts are, relative to other body parts.
This sense is one of the things police officers
test when they pull over someone who they
think is driving drunk. The “close your eyes
and touch your nose” test is testing this
sense. This sense is used all the time in
little ways, such as when you scratch an itch
on your foot, but never once look at your foot
to see where your hand is relative to your
foot.

22. Surprisingly, this is a distinct sensor
system from other touch-related senses.

23. •.
In muscle and joints, there are sensors that tell the
different parts of body are and about the motion
and tension of the muscles. These senses let us, for
example, touch our index fingers together with our
eyes shut.
Tension Sensors: These are found in such
places as your muscles and allow the brain the
ability to monitor muscle tension

24. These are found in such places as the lungs,
bladder, stomach, and the gastrointestinal
tract. A type of stretch receptor, that senses
dilation of blood vessels, is also often
involved in headaches. In your bladder, there
are sensors that indicate when it is time to
urinate. Similarly, your large intestine has sensors
that indicate when it is full.
Conductive Rubber Cord Stretch
Sensor

25. These trigger an area of the medulla
in the brain that is involved in
detecting blood born hormones and
drugs. It also is involved in the
vomiting reflex.

26. Scientists have been studying the neurological mechanisms of thirst for
decades. Early on, they discovered that the body’s primary
“thirst center” in the brain is the hypothalamus, a deep
structure that also regulates body temperature, sleep,
and appetite. Special sensors in the hypothalamus are
constantly monitoring the blood’s concentration of
sodium and other substances. The hypothalamus also
receives inputs from sensors in the blood vessels that
monitor blood volume and pressure. When blood volume
or pressure falls too low—from bleeding, for example, or from the excessive
loss of fluid in sweat or diarrhea, or when blood sodium concentration rises too
high from eating salty snacks, or as the result of certain diseases, the
hypothalamus sends out a strong message: Drink something. Now.

27. This system allows your body to detect when
you need to eat something. The
hypothalamus senses external stimuli mainly
through a number of hormones such
as leptin, ghrelin, PYY 3-36, orexinand
cholecystokinin; all modify the
hypothalamic response. They are produced by
the digestive tract and by adipose tissue (leptin).
Systemic mediators, such as tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukins 1 and 6 and
corticotropin-relasing harmone (CRH) influence
appetite negatively;

28. This is the ability to detect magnetic fields, which is useful in providing
a sense of direction when detecting the Earth’s magnetic field. Unlike
most birds, humans do not have a strong magentoception, however,
experiments have demonstrated that we do tend to have some sense
of magnetic fields. The mechanism for this is not completely
understood; it is theorized that this has something to do with deposits
of ferric iron in our noses. This would make sense if that is correct as
humans who are given magnetic implants have been shown to have a
much stronger magnetoception than humans without.
There exists a type of bacteria, called magnetotactic bacteria,
that build magnets inside themselves in order to orient themselves
with the Earth’s magnetic field. They also migrate and form chains
of themselves along magnetic field lines.

29. This one is debated as no singular mechanism has been
found that allows people to perceive time. However,
experimental data has conclusively shown humans have
a startling accurate sense of time, particularly when
younger. The mechanism we use for this seems to be a
distributed system involving the cerebral cortex,
cerebellum, and basal ganglia. Long term time keeping
seems to be monitored by the suprachiasmatic nuclei
(responsible for the circadian rhythm). Short term time
keeping is handled by other cell systems.

30. Intuition is also sometimes included as a sense
Intuition, a phenomenon of themind,
describes the ability to acquire knowledge
without inference or the use of reason

31. People with Parkinson’s disease and
ADD have severely impaired sense of
time passage compared to “normal”
people.

32. A sensory receptor which receives stimuli
from within the body, especially one that
responds to position and movement.
(sense of relative position of body parts)
comes from the Latin “proprius”, meaning
“one’s own”.

33. More recently, it has been shown that certain
birds have the ability to see magnetic fields. How
this works is the Earth’s magnetic field effects
how long a certain molecule, cryptochrome, in
their photoreceptor cells stays in the active state.
This then affects the light sensitivity of the bird’s
retinal neurons. The net effect is the birds can
perceive magnetic fields with their eyes. The
biological magnate and ability to perceive
magnetic fields with their eyes are thought to
combine to form a very accurate mapping and
directional system in the birds.

35. It is the Pressure exerted by circulating
blood upon the walls of blood vessels. When used
without further specification, "blood pressure"
usually refers to the arterial pressure in
the systemic circulation. It is usually measured at
a person's upper arm. Blood pressure is usually
expressed in terms of the systolic (maximum)
pressure over diastolic (minimum) pressure and is
measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It is
one of the vital signs along with respiratory rate,
heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body
temperature. Normal resting blood pressure in an
adult is approximately 120/80 mm Hg.

36. It is the speed of the heart beat measured
by the number of contractions of the heart
per unit oftime — typically beats per
minute (bpm). The heart rate can vary
according to the body's physical needs,
including the need to absorb oxygen and
excrete carbon dioxide. Activities that can
provoke change include physical exercise,
sleep, anxirty, stress, illness, ingesting,
and drugs

37. Hair is a protein filament that grows from
follicles found in the dermis, or skin. Hair is one of
the defining characteristics of mammals. The
human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is
covered in follicles which produce thick terminal
and fine vellums hair. Most common interest in hair
is focused on hair growth, hair types and hair care,
but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily
composed of protein, notably keratin. It is often
used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or
social position, such as their age, gender, or
religion

38. The opening and cavity in the lower part of the
human face, surrounded by the lips, through which
food is taken in and vocal sounds are emitted. An
opening or entrance to a hollow, concave, or enclosed
structure.

39. Psychophysics
Discriminatory (epicritic) and
Emotional (protopathic)
 Hedonic (pleasure-pain)
Vomeronasal organ
Sensing gravit
Electro location
Echolocation
Electroreception
Current detection
Polarized light direction/detection
Slit sensillae of spiders