TOPIC:
PRESENTATION SKILLS
1. What is Presentation?
2. Elements of Presentation
3. Structure of a Presentation
4. Types or Aims of Presentation
5. 4 P ’s of Presentation
6. Barriers of presentation
7. 5 Star strategy for presentation planning
8. Tips in making effective presentations
9. References
10.Thank you.

What is Presentation?
• A Presentation is a form of communication in which the speaker conveys
information to the audience.
• Presentations are used in various scenarios like talking to a group, addressing a
meeting, demonstrating or introducing a new product, or briefing a team.
• It involves presenting a particular subject or issue or new ideas/thoughts to a
group of people.

 ELEMENTS OF PRESENTATION
I. Presenter:
• The person who delivers presentation.
• The role of the presenter is to communicate with the audience and control the
presentation.
II. Audience:
• A group of listeners or spectators.
• They are at the receiving end.

III. Content:
• The content refers to the message or messages that are being delivered by the presenter to
the audience.
• It involves language skills, power point slides, visual aids, etc.
IV. Content Deliver:
• How will the presentation be delivered?
• Presentations are usually delivered direct to the audience.
• However there may be occasions where they are delivered from a distance over the internet,
or recorded and posted on the internet.

 STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION
 A good presentation always has a story to tell and, like any narration, it consists of three
basic parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.
 Let’s look at each part in greater detail:
I. Introduction:
 The introduction sets the tone for the entire presentation.
 Here are the points you may need to add in the intro:
The title: Introduce the topic of your presentation and provide a brief description.
A table of contents / Outline: You can make it interactive by using hyperlinks.
Viewers can choose a topic or subtopic to navigate there.

Objectives: State your presentation’s objectives to let your audience know what new
knowledge they will acquire.
Definitions (optional): You will need this slide if you want to introduce some new
terms and concepts and provide their definitions.

II. Body:
 The body of the presentation should meet the promises of purpose and information made
in the introduction.
 The structure of the presentation is crucial.
 Whether you organize:
• chronologically,
• by priority,
• or theme
• the body of your talk must proceed logically.
 The main points should be brought out one by one, with concise and relevant supportive
evidence, statistics or examples.

• Following are the points you must consider delivering the body of presentation:
I. Begin the body of the talk
II. Develop the first point.
III. Sum up the first point.
IV. Introduce the second point.
V. Develop the second point.
VI. Sum up the second point
VII. Bring in the final point
VIII. Develop the final point
IX. Sum up the final point
X. Emphasizing a point
XI. Introducing a contrasting idea
XII. Sum up the body of the talk and remind listeners of the topic

III. Conclusion:
• Similar to a written assignment, the conclusion again states your main points and what has
been learned or shown.
• Following are the points you must consider delivering the conclusion of presentation:
I. Signal the end of your talk is coming, Remind the audience again of the topic.
II. Remind the audience of your argument.
III. Remind the audience of your findings.
IV. Alert the audience that you have thought deeply about the topic
V. Offer an innovative, provoking thought to take away
VI. Signal the question/discussion session

 TYPES OR AIMS OF PRESENTATION
I. Informative Presentation:
• These presentations are to brief and to the point. They generally stick to the facts and
avoid complicated information.
• Usually used to describe facts – usually best for other experts.
• Examples include university lectures, school classes, and research results.
II. Instructional Presentation:
• These presentations give specific directions or orders. It is designed to teach something
completely new to the audience.
• Very thorough and usually takes long time.
• Examples include tutorial classes, safety demonstrations, and instructional videos.

III. Motivational Presentation:
• A motivational presentation is a public speech intended to inspire an audience to make a
change in their lives.
• It usually has a clear purpose, a personal story written for a specific audience and a
conclusion that includes a call to action.
• For Example, you could tell the company story in a motivational presentation.
IV. Persuasive Presentation:
• It is a type of presentation that influence an audience’s choices by changing their
responses toward an idea, issue, concept, or product.
• It allow you to sell an idea to the audience.
• For example, a presentation to doctors to persuade them to prescribe the medicine.

 4 P’ S OF PRESENTATION
I. Projection:
 Projecting your voice means speaking clearly and confidently.
 This gives your audience the impression that you are capable of holding a one-on-one
conversation, group meeting or a speech in front of a crowd.

II. Pace:
• Pace is the speed at which you speak.
• Slowing down the speed of your speaking can emphasize key points or help build drama.
• Speeding up can help create excitement.
• Pace can also make key words or phrases seem bigger or smaller, less or more important.
How’s my pace?????

III. Pitch:
• The highness or lowness of sound. It may also refers to your accent.
• Raising or lowering your tone of voice can change the emotional mood of the presentation.
• Control your pitch to ensure your voice is not strident or nasal.
• The general view is that accents make the voice more interesting and are part of our
uniqueness.
• Just be aware of the peculiarities of your accent.
IV. Pause:
• Pause before and on important points, both for emphasis and to give the audience time to
understand and absorb them.

 BARRIERS OF PRESENTATION
 Fear And Anxiety:
• One of the biggest barriers to presentation success is fear and anxiety.
• Psychological responses include anxiety, lack of concentration, talking too fast, and
negative thoughts (“I can't do this,” “They won't like me,” “They won't like my
presentation”).
• Even professional speakers occasionally become nervous before a major presentation.

 Lack Of Excitement
• The benefits of your product will not be convincing if you aren’t able to communicate that
passion, excitement, and commitment to your audience.
 Lack Of Experience:
• Sometimes you just need a few presentations and wins under your belt.
• Inexperience is hard to overcome however, hiring a speaking coach can dramatically cut
down the time you spend to get you to an expert level.

 Overuse of Gestures:
• If you’re constantly using movement and random gestures, you can be very distracting to
the listener as well as not being able to focus clearly yourself.
• Confident speakers commonly use gestures to add emphasis to their words.
 Lack of Eye contact:
• Practicing good eye contact is a skill for effective and vital communication and is often
under-rated and under-utilized.
• One of the most powerful means of communicating your confidence and conviction is
sustained focused eye contact.
• Unfortunately ,we are shy or afraid of the eye contact which makes our message
ineffective and meaningless.

 5 STARSTRATEGYFOR PRESENTATIONPLANNING
• Five components of the star strategy of presentation are as
follows:
 Why am I speaking? What is your objective in this presentation? ...
 Who is my audience? Ideally, your presentation should be customized to the needs of
your audience members. ...
 Where will I speak? ...
 When will I speak? ...
 What is my message?

 WAYS TO DELIVER AN EFFECTIVEPRESENTATION
1.Consider your listener:
• Frame the presentation as though you were the one sitting in the audience.
• Effective presentations should be targeted to meet the specific needs, wants and emotions
of your audience.
• They will lose their interest and focus after just two minutes if there is no relevance to their
financial, emotional or physical well-being.
2. Ensure your audience knows what’s in it for them:
Your ideas, thoughts, and the topic of your presentation must be made clear at the start of
your presentation to avoid any sort of vagueness among the audience.

3.Begin with the end in mind:
Begin with the end in mind and tailor your presentations to the needs of the audience or
customer you are speaking to.
4.Speak as if to one individual:
• Deliver your speech as though each person was the only one in the room and you were
speaking directly to them.
5.Assure your audience:
• If you are an expert in the topic give them assurance that by the time they will leave the
presentation they will have a greater understanding and knowledge and will be able to
apply the information given.

6.Practice your presentation style
• Be aware that your delivery will utilize three different styles namely audio, visual and
kinesthetic (hands-on).
How do you move between them?
• To know for sure, it needs practice.
• One method is to organize a video recorder and tape your prepared presentation.
• Then show it to your partner, children and/ or trusted friends. Ask for their honest and
constructive comments about style and delivery.
• Another method is to practice in front of a mirror considering a large audience sitting in
front of you.

TIPS IN MAKING EFFECTIVE PRESENTATIONS
I. Presentation Style:
• Presentation styles are the techniques a presenter uses when delivering a speech.
• The best style to choose for a presentation often varies depending on the subject you're
discussing, your audience and the way you prefer to explain the subject matter.
• Some of the best presentation styles are:
i. Coach Style
ii. Instructor Style
iii. Visual Style
iv. Story telling style

II. Structure:
Just like other forms of academic writing, a presentation can be divided into three parts:
i. An introduction detailing the purpose and structure of the talk.
ii. A body covering the main points.
iii. A conclusion summarizing and highlighting the significance of your talk.
III. Presentation Skills:
Presentation skills to stand out from the crowd:
 Practice! Practice! Practice.
 Be a Storyteller.
 Use Voice Modulation.
 Avoid Information Overdose.
 Make It Interactive.
 Smile and Eye Contact.

IV. Handling Questions and Challenges :
 Tell the audience in advance when you will be taking questions.
 Anticipate questions in advance.
 Realize that questions are a good thing.
 Make eye contact with the questioner.
 Always take a brief pause before launching into your answer.

 REFERENCES
• https://www.skillsyouneed.com/present/what-is-a-presentation.html
• https://www.perfectpitchesbyprecious.com/6-communication-barriers-to-avoid-
when-giving-presentations
• https://www.flyingsolo.com.au/marketing/communication-skills/five-strategies-for-
delivering-effective-presentations/
• http://www.uts.edu.au
• https://www.slideshare.net/
• Fundamental of Business Communication (Book)