Meaning , Definition , Nature ,Importation , Role ,Models of Transportation .

1. NAME : VAIRAMUTHU. S
ROLL NO : 18UD59
CALSS : B.B.A C
TOPIC : TRANSPORTATION
COLLEGE : ANJAC

2. TRANSPORTATION
Meaning :
The movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another.
Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be
divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transportation is important since it
enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations.

3. DEFINITION :
Transportation, the movement of goods and persons from place to place and the various
means by which such
movement is accomplished. The growth of the
ability—and the need—to transport large
quantities of goods or numbers of people over
long distances at high speeds in comfort and safety
has been an index of civilization and in particular of
technological progress.

4. Nature Of Transportation :
 Transportation is the spatial linking of a derived demand.
 Distance is a relative concept involving space, time and effort.
 Space is at the same time the generator, support and a constraint for mobility.
 The relation between space and time can converge or diverge.
 A location can be central, where it generates and attract traffic, or an intermediate
element where traffic transits through.
 To overcome geography, transportation must consume space.
 Transportation seeks massification but is constrained by atomization.

5. Importance Of transportation
 Solve problem unemployment.
 Supplying Machineries.
 Protect people from difficulties of war.
 Establish Relationship.
 Large scale production.

6. THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Logistics
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Components of Logistics System
2.3 History and Advancement of Logistics
3. Interrelationship between Transportation and Logistics
3.1 Transport Costs and Goods Characters in Logistics
3.2 The Effects of Transportation on Logistics Activities
3.3 The Role of Transportation in Service Quality
4. DISCUSSIONS
5. Conclusions

7. 1. Introduction
Since logistics advanced from 1950s, due to the trend of
nationalization and globalization in recent decades, the importance of logistics
management has been growing in various area.
Development of logistics
Transport-related sectors based on a historical review
Interrelationships of transportation and logistics
Benefits of transportation to logistics activities and vice versa
Major logistics activities and concepts
Potential further development of logistics systems.

8. 2. Overview of Logistics
2.1 Definitions
Part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient,
effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information
between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’
requirements.
2.2 Components of Logistics System
1. Logistics services
2. Information systems
3. Infrastructure/resources
2.3 History and Advancement of Logistics
The probable origin of the term logistic is the Greek logistiko , meaning
‘skilled in calculating’. It was initially developed in the context of military activities in the late
18th and early 19th centuries and it launched from the military logistics of World War II.

9. 3. Interrelationship between Transportation
and Logistics
Without well-developed transportation systems, logistics could not
bring its advantages into full play. A good transport system in logistics activities could
provide better logistics efficiency, reduce operation cost, and promote service quality.
3.1 Transport Costs and Goods Characters in Logistics
Transport system is the most important economic activity among the
components of business logistics systems. Around one third to two thirds of the expenses of
enterprises’ logistics costs are spent on transportation
3.2 The Effects of Transportation on Logistics Activities
Transportation plays a connective role among the several steps that
result in the conversion of resources into useful goods in the name of the ultimate consumer.
3.3 The Role of Transportation in Service Quality
The role that transportation plays in logistics system is more
complex than carrying goods for the proprietors. Its complexity can take effect only through
highly quality management.

10. 4. DISCUSSIONS
Integration of logistics and e-business is the future trend. In order to
get more advantageous position and build a complementary and dependent relationship,
networking industries, such as Yahoo and e-Bay, usually cooperate with logistics industries.
The integration could reduce the middle-level procedures.
For example,
customers could get ordered goods from convenience stores. Through e-
logistics, the competition condition of industries could be promoted in knowledge economics.
5. Conclusions
(1) Logistics system has a more and more important position in the society
activities.
(2) Transportation and logistics systems have interdependent relationships that
logistics management needs transportation to perform its activities and meanwhile, a
successful logistics system could help to improve traffic environment and transportation
development.

11. MODELS OF TRANSPORTATION:
 Rail Transportation
 Road Transportation
 Water Transportation
 Air Transportation
 Pipeline Transportation

12. 1. Rail transportation:
Rail transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods
on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks.
In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared
flat surface, rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on
which they run.

13. Importance Rail Transportation:
Railroads are the most efficient transportation mode for moving goods on
the earth's surface. Railroads are of particular importance for the movement of commodities that
heavy and moved in bulk over long distances where the transportation spend represents a large
portion of the total delivered cost.
Advantages:
1.It facilitates long distance travel and transport of bulky goods which are not easily
transported through motor vehicles.
2. It is a quick and more regular form of transport because it helps in the
transportation of goods with speed and certainty
Disadvantage :
1. As railways require huge capital outlay, they may give rise to monopolies and
work against public interest at large. Even if controlled and managed by the government, lack of
competition may breed in inefficiency and high costs.
2. Railway transport is unsuitable and uneconomical for short distances and small
traffic of goods.

14. 2. Road Transportation
Road transport or road transportation is a type of transport by using
roads. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and
transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations ensure
a separation of the two industries.
Advantages of Road Transportation:
1. Less Investment
2. Door to Door Service
3. Flexibility in Service
4. Employment
5. Useful for Small Distances
6. Complementary to Rail Transport

15. Disadvantages of Road Transportation:
 Frequent Accidents
 Inadequate Roads
 Heavy Taxes
 Poor Maintenance of Roads
 Rising Cost of Petrol and Diesel
 Unsuitable for Long Distances and Bulky Goods

16. 3.Water Transportation
Water transportation is the intentional movement of water over large distances.
Methods of transportation fall into three categories: Aqueducts, which include pipelines, canals,
tunnels and bridges Container shipment, which includes transport by tank truck, tank car, and
tank ship.
Advantages of Water Transport
1. Less Maintenance Cost:
Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but maintenance cost of
water transport is quite less.
2. Cheap:
The transport channel is quite cheap as compared rail and road Transport.
3. Important for Foreign Trade:
Water transport plays important role in foreign trade. India’s foreign trade is
mainly dependent on water transport.

17. Disadvantages of Water Transportation
1. Slow Speed:
It is a slow means of transport. Failure of monsoon results into fall in the
water level of rivers making navigation difficult.
2. More Risky:
Water transport is more risky as compared to other means because there is
always danger of sinking ships or boats.

18. 4. Air Transportation
Air transport is the most recent mode of transport. The supreme advantage of
air transport lies in its quickness. It is the fastest mode of transport. But the cost of its
operation is very high and thus it is suitable for only rich passengers, mails and light and
costly cargo.
Advantages of air transportation
 High Speed
It is the fastest mode of transport and therefore suitable for carriage of goods over
a long distance. It require less time.
 Quick Service
Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport
services. It is regarded as best mode of transport for transporting perishable goods.

19. No Infrastructure Investment
Air transport does not give emphasis on construction of tracks
like railways. As no capital investment in surface track is needed, it is a less costly mode of
transport.
Easy Access
Air transport is regarded as the only means of transport in those
areas which are not easily accessible to other modes of transport. It is therefore accessible
to all areas regardless the obstruction of land.
No Physical Barrier
Air transport is free from physical barriers because it follows the
shortest and direct routes where seas, mountains and forests do not obstruct.

20. Disadvantage of air transportation
 Risky
Air transport is the most risky form of transport because a minor accident may
put a substantial loss to the goods, passengers and the crew. The chances of accidents are
greater in comparison to other modes of transport.
 Very Costly
Air transport is considered costlier as compare to other mode of transport. The
operating cost of aero-planes are higher and it involves a great deal of expenditure on the
construction of aerodromes and aircraft. Because of this reason the fare of air transport are
high that common people can’t afford it.
 Small Carrying Capacity
The aircrafts have small carrying capacity and therefore these are not suitable for
carrying bulky and cheaper goods. The load capacity cannot be increased as it is found in
case of rails

21. 5.Pipeline
Pipeline transportation is a method of transportation which involves
movement of solid, liquid or gaseous products over long distances through pipelines. This
mode of transportation is mostly used for transport of crude and
refined petroleum products such as oil and natural gas.
Advantages of Pipeline
1. They are ideally suited to transport the liquids and gases.
2. Pipelines can be laid through difficult terrains as well as under water.
3. It involves very low energy consumption.
4. It needs very little maintenance.

22. Disadvantages of Pipelines:
1. It is not flexible, i.e., it can be used only for a few fixed points.
2. Its capacity cannot be increased once it is laid.
3. It is difficult to make security arrangements for pipelines.
4. Underground pipelines cannot be easily repaired and detection of leakage is also
difficult.

23. Thank you