Determination of antibacterial activity of various broad spectrum antibiotics...
ca.pptx
1.
2.
3.
4. Need of Conservation Agriculture
Soil Compaction
Soil Erosion
Soil Degradation
Hike in prices of fertilizers
Availability of Labour
Declining fertility of soil
5. Conservation agriculture success world over
• Globally, CA is being practiced on about 125 M ha.
• USA has been the pioneer country in adopting CA systems and
currently more than 25.5 million ha land is under such system.
• Countries where CA practices have now been widely adopted for
many years in USA (26.5 M ha), Brazil (25.5 M ha), Argentina (25.5
M ha), Canada (13.5 M ha) and Australia (17.0 M ha).
• France and Spain are the two countries where CA was being
followed in about one million ha of area under annual crops.
6. Conservation agriculture in india
• The total area under no-tillage/zero tillage in India it is about 3.43
mha.
• Spread of conservation agriculture have been made through the
combined efforts of several SAU’s, ICAR institutes.
• CA technologies is taking place in the irrigated regions of Indo-
Gangetic plains where rice-wheat cropping system dominates.
• CA systems have not been tried or promoted in other major agro-eco
regions like rainfed semi-arid tropics, the arid regions.
7. Goals of Conservation agriculture
• Increasing the productivity of land and water and capital to meet
human needs while preserving the integrity of the natural
ecosystems.
• Conserve and enhance the quality of natural and human resources.
• Better quality food for consumer.
9. Components of Conservation Agriculture
• 1. In situ management of crop residues
• 2. Engineering measures
• Contour bunding
• Graded bunding
• Terracing
• Contour trenching
• 3. Adoption of micro-irrigation system
• 4. Mulching
• 5. Tillage
• 6. Integrated nutrient management in soil
10. Cover crops
• Cover crops improve the stability of the CA system
• Capacity to promote an increased biodiversity in the agro-
ecosystem.
• Beneficial for areas of eroded and degraded soils.
11. Conservation tillage
• Conservation tillage is defined as: "any tillage or planting system in
which at least 30% of the soil surface is covered by plant residue after
planting to reduce erosion.”
• No tillage, minimum tillage, reduced tillage and mulch tillage are terms
synonymous with conservation tillage.
• Appropriate tillage practices are those that avoid the degradation of soil
properties but maintain crop yields as well as ecosystem stability.
• Conservation tillage provides the best opportunity for halting
degradation and for restoring and improving soil productivity.
• In recent years interest in conservation tillage systems has increased in
response to the need to limit erosion and promote water conservation.
12. Types of Conservation tillage
• 1) Zero Tillage: Soil is completely left undisturbed from planting to
harvest except sowing and nutrient application. Weed control is only
by herbicides.
• 2) Strip Tillage: Strip-tillage is a form of conservation tillage that
clears crop residues in a narrow zone of soil and loosens subsoil layers
prior to planting.
• 3) Reduced tillage Little soil disturbance before sowing to break the
crust, loosen compact soil and prepare seedbed. Weed control by
herbicides or some secondary tillage.
• 4) Mulch Tillage: It includes any CT system other than no-tillage, strip
tillage, or ridge- tillage that preserves 30 % or more surface residues.
13. CROP RESIDUE
Part of plant left after harvest
Need of conservation agriculture to enhance soil physical, chemical
and biological properties
14. Benefits of conservation agriculture
• Improve the sustainability of different production system.
• Provide soil as sink for carbon dioxide.
• Improve water infiltration.
• Improve habitation of organism.
• 10-17% yield advantage over conventional tillage.
• Enhance biodiversity and improve the value of environmental
services.
• Water saving by 20-35%.
15. Constrains in adoption
• Availability of residues.
• Skill of operation.
• Marginal lands.
• Economic problem.
• Large investment costs may discourage adoption
• The perceived risk of adopting CA may serve as a barrier
16. Conclusion
• Conservation tillage practices play an important role in agriculture and
improve the physical, chemical and biological properties and there by
increase the crop yield.
• Conservation practices such as mulching helps to conserve soil and water.
• Integrated nutrient management increase the yield of crop.
• Crop residue management combined with organic manure has significant
effect on crop yield and improve the soil organic matter.
• Conservation practices play important role in sustainable agricultural
production.
• Application of chemical fertilizers with organic manure is better to
increase nutrient uptake by crop plants and increase crop yield.