1. Robotics
Presented by: Raunak Mallick

2. Contents
• Introduction
• What is Robotics?
• History of Robotics
• Types of Robots
• Mechanism in Robots
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
Robotics is science of designing or
building an application of robots.
Simply, robotics may be defined as
“The Study of Robots”. The aim of
robotics to design an efficient robot.

4. What is Robotics?
A re-programmable , multi
functional, automatic industrial
machine designed to replace human
in hazardous work. It can be used
as:
 An automatic machine sweeper
 An automatic car for a child to play
with
 A machine removing mines in a war
field
 In space
 In military and many more…

5. History of Robotics
First use of the word “Robotics”
Three laws of Robotics
The first robot “Unimate”

6. First use of the word “Robotics”
• The word Robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Capek (1890-
1938) in his play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play
begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robots. Capek was
reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize for his works.
• The word “Robotics”, used to describe this field of study, was coined accidentally
by the Russian – born, American scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov
(1920-1992) in 1940s.

7. Three laws of Robotics
Asimov also proposed his three “Laws of Robotics”, and he later added a
“Zeroth law”.
 Zeroth Law: A robot may not injured humanity or through inaction , allow
humanity to come to harm.
 First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a
human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.
 Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where
such orders would conflict with a higher order law.
 Third Law: A robot must protects it own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with a higher order law.

8. The first robot “Unimate”
• Unimate was the first industrial
robot, which worked on a General
Motors assembly line at the Inland
Fisher Guide Plant in Ewing
Township, New Jersey, in 1961.
• It was invented by George Devol in
the 1950s using his original patent
filed in 1954 and granted in 1961.

9. Types of Robots
• Mobile Robots
• Stationary Robots
• Autonomous Robots
• Remote-controlled Robots
• Virtual Robots

10. Mechanism in Robots
• Sensors
• Effectors
• Actuators
• Controllers
• Arms

11. Sensor
• A sensor is a device that detects and
responds to some type of input
from the physical environment. The
specific input could be light, heat,
motion, moisture, pressure, or any
one of a great number of other
environmental phenomena. The
output is generally a signal that is
converted to human-readable
display at the sensor location or
transmitted electronically over a
network for reading or further
processing.

12. Effectors
• In robotics, an end effector is the
device at the end of a Robotic arm,
designed to interact with the
environment. The exact nature of
this device depends on the
application of the robot.

13. Actuators
• An actuator is a mechanism for
activating process control
equipment by the use of pneumatic,
hydraulic, or electronic signals.
There are several types
ofactuators in robotic arms.
Synchronous Actuator - The motor
contains a rotor that rotates in
synchrony with the oscillating field
or current.

14. Controllers
• ABB’s industrial robot controllers
offer superior motion control and
enable quick integration of
additional hardware. IRC5 is ABB’s
fifth generation robot controller. Its
motion control technology,
featuring TrueMove & QuickMove, is
key to the robot’s performance in
terms of accuracy, speed, cycle-
time, programmability and
synchronization with external
devices. Other features include
FlexPendant with touch screen and
joystick programming, flexible
RAPID language, and powerful
communication capabilities.

15. Arms
• A robotic arm is a type of
mechanical arm, usually
programmable, with similar
functions to a human arm;
the arm may be the sum total of the
mechanism or may be part of a
more complex robot. ... The
terminus of the kinematic chain of
the manipulator is called the end
effector and it is analogous to the
human hand.

16. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages
• Going to far away planets.
• Going us information that humans
can’t get.
• Working at places 24/7 without any
food or salary.
• Most of them are automatic so they
can go around by themselves
without human interference.
Disadvantages
• People can lose job in factories.
• It needs a supply of power.
• It’s costs money to make or buy a
robot.

17. Conclusion
• Today we find most robots working for people in industries, factories,
warehouses, and laboratories. Robots are useful in many ways. For instance, it
boosts economy because businesses need to be efficient to keep up with the
industry competition. Therefore, having robots helps business owners to be
competitive, because robots can do jobs better and faster than humans can, e.g.
robot can built, assemble a car. Yet robots cannot perform every job; today
robots roles include assisting research and industry. Finally, as the technology
improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and
new potentials.

18. References
• SlideShare [https://www.slideshare.net/sivabenten1/ssr-
16116198?next_slideshow=1]
• Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics]

19. Thank You!