Web accessibility aims to make websites usable by the widest range of people, including those with disabilities. It is important for ethical and legal reasons, as disabilities affect a significant portion of the population. Ensuring websites are accessible involves accounting for various disabilities like blindness, deafness, physical impairments, and cognitive disabilities. Key aspects of accessibility include semantic HTML, accessibility standards like WCAG, and tools for different impairments.
Accessibility is not a rare edge case, it is something that concerns all of us. This is an introduction to Web Accessibility for Web Developers, in context of the German BITV and the international WAI Guidelines (mostly WCAG 2.0). It should raise general awareness of accessibility for Web Development, and shows that accessibility is not an extreme hard to implement requirement, but a matter of care and common sense.
Web Accessibility: A Shared ResponsibilityJoseph Dolson
This a presentation prepared for a Montana Web Developer's Meetup in December, 2011. The focus is on collaborating with content providers and employers to share the responsibility for web accessibility.
Accessibility is not a rare edge case, it is something that concerns all of us. This is an introduction to Web Accessibility for Web Developers, in context of the German BITV and the international WAI Guidelines (mostly WCAG 2.0). It should raise general awareness of accessibility for Web Development, and shows that accessibility is not an extreme hard to implement requirement, but a matter of care and common sense.
Web Accessibility: A Shared ResponsibilityJoseph Dolson
This a presentation prepared for a Montana Web Developer's Meetup in December, 2011. The focus is on collaborating with content providers and employers to share the responsibility for web accessibility.
If your business has a publicly facing website, it should be usable for users with all sorts of accessibility needs. It is the fair, considerate, just, inclusive thing to do. We all want to do the right thing by society, right?
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are great but I have seen them regarded as optional rather than underpinning the design process for new websites. It's a complex area with a lot of nuance and can feel intimidating to those new to the subject.
So how do you get started in this area? In this talk, I go through my experiences in accessibility testing over the last 10 years, address some of the myths that prevail, cover how to persuade your peers to invest in accessibility, show what good accessible design looks like and give some practical advice on what to do if you have to retrospectively build in accessibility to an already live offering.
Key takeaways include:
• An understanding of what accessibility is
• How to advocate for accessibility
• An understanding of who benefits from accessible design
• Examples of the bad things that happen when accessibility is not considered (and how to avoid them)
• Understand what the WCAG accessibility guidelines are and how to use them in design and testing
• Develop the skills carry out an audit for accessibility on your own publicly facing website
Accessibility and Web Technologies @HTML5_TorontoGeorge Zamfir
Accessibility questions? Get in contact: george@goodwally.ca.
George Zamfir's presentation on disabilities & web accessibility at the HTML5 Toronto Web App Developers Meetup in Toronto on Jan 19, 2012.
"We are only as (dis)abled as the environment around us!"
Powerpoint & PDF Versions at
http://bit.ly/preso_a11y_html5
Presented at a Leadership Institute webinar for the Montana Arts Council in May 2012. Primarily a talk discussing the concepts behind the WCAG 2.0 guiding principles.
Based on the December presentation for the Montana web programmers meetup, but modified for the audience.
SEO through Accessibility- How designing accessible websites leads to automat...Abhay Rautela
SEO through Accessibility- How designing accessible websites automatically optimizes them for search engines
I gave this presentation to the Sapient creative community at the New Delhi office in February 2007, where I was also creator and moderator of the Sapient Web Accessibility distribution list and accessibility wiki node.
Don't Panic! How to perform an accessibility evaluation with limited resourcesMichael Ryan
Being tasked with an accessibility evaluation is can be daunting. How can you measure accessibility? What disabilities are the most important? What tools do you need? How long will it take? Where do I start? What does "accessible" even mean?
These are all questions I asked myself last year when I performed my first accessibility eval. This session will share everything I learned since then in performing three accessibility evaluations.
• How do individuals with disabilities interact with and use the web? Understanding how assistive technologies work.
• Understanding your legal requirements - Section 508, Section 504, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and other state, U.S., and international laws
• Evaluating web site accessibility - automated tools, user testing, using screen readers, and understanding the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0
This presentation explores the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of Agile teams working on delivering an accessible digital product, platform or service.
1. What is web accessibility?
2. Why is accessibility important?
• Current global statistics
• Reasons for testing
• Diversity of digital users
• Drivers for accessibility
3. Diverse user experiences
• Examples of assistive technologies
4. Guidelines and standards
• W3C accessibility guidelines
5. Accessibility & Agile
• Accessibility responsibilities in Agile
- Product Owners
- Developers
- Designers
- Content authors
- Testers
• Agile ceremonies
- Sprint planning
- Daily stand-up
- Iteration review
- Retrospective
6. Content examples
7. Case studies
8. What can I do next?
• Challenges to overcome
• How to do it
• Accessibility resources
There is certain topic discussed in every company: communication between departments.
As FE developers, we sit in between UX designers and BE developers.
Our apps must follow the guidelines from the UX, be compatible with the BE APIs while meeting the business requirements from our POs.
In this presentation I am addressing the relationship between UX and FE devs.
One way to collaborate better with our UX colleagues is to… learn a bit of UX and maybe share some Front End knowledge with them too.
Progressive Web Apps with LitHTML (BucharestJS Meetup)Razvan Rosu
A recap of what are PWAs and why is there a need for them.
A showcase of the main characteristics of a PWA in a Proof of Concept built with LitHTML.
demo link: https://razvan-rosu.github.io/demo-polymer3-pwa/
github repository: https://github.com/razvan-rosu/demo-polymer3-pwa
_________________________________________
Note: This is an improved version of my previous presentation (https://www.slideshare.net/RazvanRosu2/progressive-web-apps-with-lithtml), being themed for a local JavaScript Meetup in Bucharest, Romania.
If your business has a publicly facing website, it should be usable for users with all sorts of accessibility needs. It is the fair, considerate, just, inclusive thing to do. We all want to do the right thing by society, right?
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are great but I have seen them regarded as optional rather than underpinning the design process for new websites. It's a complex area with a lot of nuance and can feel intimidating to those new to the subject.
So how do you get started in this area? In this talk, I go through my experiences in accessibility testing over the last 10 years, address some of the myths that prevail, cover how to persuade your peers to invest in accessibility, show what good accessible design looks like and give some practical advice on what to do if you have to retrospectively build in accessibility to an already live offering.
Key takeaways include:
• An understanding of what accessibility is
• How to advocate for accessibility
• An understanding of who benefits from accessible design
• Examples of the bad things that happen when accessibility is not considered (and how to avoid them)
• Understand what the WCAG accessibility guidelines are and how to use them in design and testing
• Develop the skills carry out an audit for accessibility on your own publicly facing website
Accessibility and Web Technologies @HTML5_TorontoGeorge Zamfir
Accessibility questions? Get in contact: george@goodwally.ca.
George Zamfir's presentation on disabilities & web accessibility at the HTML5 Toronto Web App Developers Meetup in Toronto on Jan 19, 2012.
"We are only as (dis)abled as the environment around us!"
Powerpoint & PDF Versions at
http://bit.ly/preso_a11y_html5
Presented at a Leadership Institute webinar for the Montana Arts Council in May 2012. Primarily a talk discussing the concepts behind the WCAG 2.0 guiding principles.
Based on the December presentation for the Montana web programmers meetup, but modified for the audience.
SEO through Accessibility- How designing accessible websites leads to automat...Abhay Rautela
SEO through Accessibility- How designing accessible websites automatically optimizes them for search engines
I gave this presentation to the Sapient creative community at the New Delhi office in February 2007, where I was also creator and moderator of the Sapient Web Accessibility distribution list and accessibility wiki node.
Don't Panic! How to perform an accessibility evaluation with limited resourcesMichael Ryan
Being tasked with an accessibility evaluation is can be daunting. How can you measure accessibility? What disabilities are the most important? What tools do you need? How long will it take? Where do I start? What does "accessible" even mean?
These are all questions I asked myself last year when I performed my first accessibility eval. This session will share everything I learned since then in performing three accessibility evaluations.
• How do individuals with disabilities interact with and use the web? Understanding how assistive technologies work.
• Understanding your legal requirements - Section 508, Section 504, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and other state, U.S., and international laws
• Evaluating web site accessibility - automated tools, user testing, using screen readers, and understanding the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0
This presentation explores the requirements, roles, and responsibilities of Agile teams working on delivering an accessible digital product, platform or service.
1. What is web accessibility?
2. Why is accessibility important?
• Current global statistics
• Reasons for testing
• Diversity of digital users
• Drivers for accessibility
3. Diverse user experiences
• Examples of assistive technologies
4. Guidelines and standards
• W3C accessibility guidelines
5. Accessibility & Agile
• Accessibility responsibilities in Agile
- Product Owners
- Developers
- Designers
- Content authors
- Testers
• Agile ceremonies
- Sprint planning
- Daily stand-up
- Iteration review
- Retrospective
6. Content examples
7. Case studies
8. What can I do next?
• Challenges to overcome
• How to do it
• Accessibility resources
There is certain topic discussed in every company: communication between departments.
As FE developers, we sit in between UX designers and BE developers.
Our apps must follow the guidelines from the UX, be compatible with the BE APIs while meeting the business requirements from our POs.
In this presentation I am addressing the relationship between UX and FE devs.
One way to collaborate better with our UX colleagues is to… learn a bit of UX and maybe share some Front End knowledge with them too.
Progressive Web Apps with LitHTML (BucharestJS Meetup)Razvan Rosu
A recap of what are PWAs and why is there a need for them.
A showcase of the main characteristics of a PWA in a Proof of Concept built with LitHTML.
demo link: https://razvan-rosu.github.io/demo-polymer3-pwa/
github repository: https://github.com/razvan-rosu/demo-polymer3-pwa
_________________________________________
Note: This is an improved version of my previous presentation (https://www.slideshare.net/RazvanRosu2/progressive-web-apps-with-lithtml), being themed for a local JavaScript Meetup in Bucharest, Romania.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
КАТЕРИНА АБЗЯТОВА «Ефективне планування тестування ключові аспекти та практ...QADay
Lviv Direction QADay 2024 (Professional Development)
КАТЕРИНА АБЗЯТОВА
«Ефективне планування тестування ключові аспекти та практичні поради»
https://linktr.ee/qadayua
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
2. What is Web Accessibility?
Myth
Accessibility is often viewed as
making your site work on screen readers.
What Accessibility really is
Accessibility is a subset of UX
focused on making your websites usable
by the widest range of people possible,
including those who have disabilities.
3. Why should we care about Accessibility?
The main reason is the concept’s definition itself:
we want our application to be usable by as many people as possible.
We should also care due to good ethics and laws and regulations.
4. Statistics:
Persons with disabilities in Europe are a significant group:
● 10% to 15% of the total population
● 50 to 75 million people in EU27*
● There is a strong correlation between disability and ageing (numbers increase with
demographic change)
Source: Labour Force Survey (European Commission-Eurostat 2002)
http://ec.europa.eu/ipg/standards/accessibility/index_en.htm
*EU27 - European Union during 2007 - 2013 when it had 27 countries
- European Union after 2016 without UK due to Brexit
5. Disabilities to
account for:
1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Deaf and hard of hearing
3. Physical disabilities
4. Cognitive disabilities
6. 1. Blindness and Vision impairment
● Total blindness
● Legally blind
● Color blindness
7. 1. Blindness and Vision impairment
A person is legally blind if:
- his/her visual acuity is less than 20/200
At the distance of 20 feet (~6m), a person doesn’t see a text,
which can be seen at 200 feet (~60m) by a person with perfect eyesight.
- his/her view angle is less than 20 degrees
https://www.allaboutvision.com/lowvision/legally-blind.htm
12. 1. Blindness and Vision impairment
Color blindness is a deficiency in distinguishing colors.
The ideal contrast ratio between two colors is of 4.5:1
https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/
Chrome extension for live color blindness simulation:
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/i-want-to-see-like-the-co/jebeedfnielkcjlcokhiobodkjjpbjia
Side by side color blind comparison tool:
https://www.toptal.com/designers/colorfilter
13. 1. Blindness and Vision impairment
Accessibility solutions and tools:
● Braille
● Screen readers
● Screen magnifiers
● Scaling the UI (entirely)
● Font size increase (only)
● High contrast Themes
Humanware Braillant BI 40
Freedom Scientific JAWS
14. Disabilities to
account for:
1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Deaf and hard of hearing
3. Physical disabilities
4. Cognitive disabilities
15. 2. Deaf and hard of hearing
People with a hearing disability rely heavily on visual information.
We should provide audio and video content
with a description and subtitles (closed captions).
Do not autoplay media content.
An interview with a Deaf academic librarian on web experience:
https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2017/02/sounding-out-the-web-accessibility-for-deaf-and-hard-of-hearing-people-part-1/
https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2017/03/sounding-out-the-web-accessibility-for-deaf-and-hard-of-hearing-people-part-2/
16. Disabilities to
account for:
1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Deaf and hard of hearing
3. Physical disabilities
4. Cognitive disabilities
17. 3. Physical disabilities
For physical disabilities, we need to take into account
users that don’t navigate web pages with
the traditional mouse (along a keyboard).
Ensuring the possibility to navigate by keyboard exclusively
should be good enough for the time being, but have in mind
other means such as Eye Controlling.
https://www.tobii.com/tech/
https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/08/windows-adding-eye-control-to-boost-accessibility/
18. Disabilities to
account for:
1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Deaf and hard of hearing
3. Physical disabilities
4. Cognitive disabilities
20. 4. Cognitive disabilities
In regards to dyslexia, sans-serif fonts are recommended
and fonts that have an unique shape for each letter.
e.g.: Arial, Comic Sans*, Verdana, Century Gothic
A font created with dyslexia in mind:
https://www.dyslexiefont.com/en/typeface/
*Comic Sans is a great font choice for countering dyslexia
21. 4. Cognitive disabilities
Not all disabilities can be overcome purely from the UI.
We need to understand the difficulties our users are facing and only then,
together with the UX, we can probably do something about it.
Dark Patterns: tricks used in websites and apps
that make you buy or sign up for things you didn’t mean to.
Darkpatterns.org
About users with social disorders using the web:
https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2018/08/a-web-of-anxiety-accessibility-for-people-with-anxiety-and-panic-disorders-part-1/
22. Disabilities to
account for:
1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Deaf and hard of hearing
3. Physical disabilities
4. Cognitive disabilities
23. Laws and Regulations
Starting with January 2010, all new EUROPA websites
must be compliant with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, level AA.
http://ec.europa.eu/ipg/standards/accessibility/index_en.htm
In 2017, WCAG 2.0 AA compliance has been imposed in the U.S. as well.
https://siteimprove.com/en-us/blog/no-more-excuses-there-is-now-a-us-deadline-for-beco
ming-accessible/
WCAG 2.0 standard:
https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
24. Laws and Regulations
Here’s a glimpse of WCAG 2.0 AA rules:
● Links
Links must have a context.
The text within the link must be discernible.
● Media
Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media.
● etc
26. Semantic Markup
Each HTML tag has been created with a purpose.
Developers have enough flexibility to use every tag as any tag,
filling the behavior with CSS and JS.
By using the markup as intended, it gives the document meaning (or semantics).
35. WAI-ARIA
Web Accessibility Initiative - Accessible Rich Internet Applications
It is a technical specification created by the World Web Consortium (W3C)
on increasing accessibility of the web.
https://w3c.github.io/aria/
With HTML, CSS and JS we can recreate the behaviour of any existing tag.
With WAI-ARIA, we can fill the accessibility gaps.
36. WAI-ARIA
Roles: defines what an element is or does
e.g.: role=”navigation”
The HTML5 tag <nav> is a Landmark with the ARIA role of navigation built-in.
We can manually add the ARIA landmark role=”navigation” to any html tag.
Properties: used for adding extra meaning or semantics to elements
e.g.: aria-required=”true”
States: special properties that define the current condition of elements
e.g.: aria-disabled=”true”
37. WAI-ARIA
Start building an UI with native HTML elements
(they have built in semantics and behavior).
Continue with adding ARIA roles, states and properties
to the elements lacking the desired accessibility.
List of all ARIA landmark roles:
https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/examples/landmarks/HTML5.html
41. Tools: Accessibility DOM Tree
We can think of the Accessibility Tree as an API describing
the basic page structure with less information and fewer nodes.
e.g.: example of an Accessibility DOM Tree for a basic form
45. Screen Readers
A screen reader is a form of assistive technology.
It facilitates user interaction with content.
It relies on a user agent to retrieve and render content.
47. Screen Readers
Screen Readers react to ALL CAPS and CSS text-transform: uppercase.
There are two specs that we can use to customize the way the screen reader reads:
1. CSS Speech Module (limited browser support)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2018/NOTE-css3-speech-20180605/
The Speech Module is the successor of Aural Style Sheets (deprecated).
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Aural
2. Web Speech API
This specification defined a JavaScript API that enables integrating speech recognition
and synthesis into web pages.
https://w3c.github.io/speech-api/speechapi.html
48. Screen Readers
Both CSS Speech Module and Web Speech API use Text To Speech (TTS).
A Text To Speech system converts normal language text into speech.
TTS engines are built in most platforms.
Voice assistants like Alexa or Google Assistant use the platform’s TTS most of the times.
But they can also use a bundled TTS alternative (for better language support or a wider
choice of voices).
https://tink.uk/using-the-web-speech-api-to-simulate-css-speech-support/
50. The A11Y Project
The A11Y project’s main goal is to facilitate accessibility implementation on the web.
It is an open-source initiative, with the objective of promoting accessibility.
It provides an up-to-date collection of resources and how-to examples and it also tracks
events on the topic.
The term ‘A11Y’ stands for AccessibilitY as a numeronym.
11
https://a11yproject.com/