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1. Exam-Style Questions Memory

2. 1) Explain how the duration of STM has been investigated. (5) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2) Explain how studies of STM have been controlled. (4) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.

3. 3) Explain what research into STM has shown. (6) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. 4a) Sally is a telephone sales executive. She has no problem remembering landline numbers while she dials them but if she has to call a mobile, she cannot seem to remember the number and often has to start again. Using your knowledge of STM, explain why this is. (3) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________.

4. 4b) Sally has noticed that even though she remembers landline numbers while she dials, by the end of the call, she has forgotten them. Explain why this may be. (3) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. 5) A researcher wanted to test the duration of STM. She showed ps 100 3-letter strings eg KJN. Ps were asked to recall these after a set length of time of between 5 and 25 seconds. During this time delay, ps were required to read a passage from a book aloud. The results are shown in the bar chart below. Explain what the graph seems to show about the duration of STM (4) Success Criteria/Relevant Information _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ ______________________

5. 6) Explain how the duration of LTM has been researched by psychologists. (6) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________. 7) What is meant by the term encoding? (3) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.

6. 8) Explain how encoding has been investigated by psychologists (6) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 9) Outline what research into LTM has shown (4) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

7. 10a) Outline the key features of the working memory model (6 marks) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 10b) Explain one strength of the working memory model (4 marks): Success criteria __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

8. 10c) Describe and evaluate the working memory model (12 marks). Success criteria / Plan __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

9. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 11) Outline what research into the accuracy of EWT has shown. (4 marks) Success Criteria/Relevant Information. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

10. 12) Suggest 2 reasons why the work of Loftus lacks validity. (4 marks) Success Criteria/Relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 13) A researcher wanted to investigate the effect of post-event information on EWT. She arranged for a brown-haired male confederate with medium build to walk down the corridor that a p was waiting for a ‘memory experiment’ in and take a poster off the wall. Shortly afterwards, ps in group 1 were asked by the experimenter if a slim, blond haired man had walked down the corridor, and which way he had gone – he had some important data belonging to the experimenter. Group 2 were asked nothing. Before the memory test, the experimenter ‘noticed’ the poster was gone and asked ps to identify the person who had taken it from 6 photos. She compared the number of ps in group 1 who picked the picture of a slim, blond haired man with the no of ps in group 2 who picked the picture of the slim, blond haired man. The table shows the number of ps who picked the slim, blond man and the ps who did not pick the slim blond man. Group 1 (ps given post-event information) Group 2 (no post- even information given) Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No

11. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Group who received post event information Group who received no post event information Picked slim blond photo Did not pick slim blond photo 13a) Which measure of central tendency should be used to analyse this data? Why? ____________________________________________________________ The researcher drew a graph to present her data: 13b) Which type of graph is this and why was it chosen? __________________________________________________________________ 13c) Explain what the data shows (5). __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.

12. d) Write a suitable title on the bar chart and label the y axis. e) Which experimental design was used? ____________________________________________ f) Give an advantage of using this type of design IN THIS EXPERIMENT (3) Success criteria __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ g) Give a disadvantage of using this type of design IN THIS EXPERIMENT (3) Success criteria __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 14) Identify 2 factors that affect the accuracy of EWT and explain how each affects EWT. (6 marks) Success Criteria/Relevant Information

13. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 15) Discuss the value of EWT research. (12 marks) __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

14. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 16) Explain the difference between traditional interviews and the cognitive interview. (6) Success criteria/relevant information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 17) Trevor is a police officer. He is concerned that the eyewitness statements he has taken have often proven to be incomplete or to be false. When he interviews witnesses, he generally asks lots of short, closed questions. Because he is so busy he avoids asking

15. general questions and tends to interrupt if witnesses don’t give the information he is looking for immediately. He claims that this keeps witnesses ‘on their toes’. Identify the problems with Trevor’s current method of interviewing witnesses and suggest changes he could make to improve the accuracy of EWT (6) Success Criteria/relevant Information __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 18) Discuss the use of the cognitive interview in obtaining evidence from eyewitnesses (12) Success Criteria/Relevant Information

16. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

17. 19a) Explain one strategy for memory improvement (3) b) Explain why it improves memory. (3) c) Evaluate this strategy in terms of research evidence (4) a)_________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ b)_________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ c) ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. 20) Strategies for memory improvement have generally been based on the findings of lab experiments. Explain some of the limitations of such laboratory based experiments as a basis for finding strategies for memory improvement. (6) Success Criteria/Relevant Information

18. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. 21a) Derek’s little brother has trouble remembering everything he needs to bring home from school eg his coat, lunch box, kit, homework. Suggest a strategy he could use to help him remember it all. (4) Success criteria __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ b) Explain why this strategy would work (3)

19. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

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